Cleaner Water最新文献_第3页

Green bioremediation of Brill Red 3BN dye using a bacterial consortium with phytotoxicity assessment for agricultural reuse Brill Red 30 - 30染料的绿色生物修复及植物毒性评价

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100224

Sakthishabarish Kumar, Goverdhini Sekar, Sweetha Rajamuthu, Vidhya Shree Vijaykumar, Kannabiran Krishnan

Azo dyes are extensively used in the textile industry, are known for their environmental persistence, toxicity, and resistance to conventional wastewater treatment. Bacterial dye degradation and detoxification at high concentrations under microaerophilic conditions remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to develop a novel bacterial consortium to degrade and detoxify high concentration of Brill Red 3BN (Acid Red 131) dye through an eco-friendly bioremediation approach. Two potent strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa VITKSS5 and Klebsiella pneumoniae VITKSS6, exhibited strong biofilm formation and dye tolerance up to 50, 000 mg/L were screened for effective consortium development. This was the first to report 97.6 % decolorization of 1000 mg/L of Brill Red 3BN (BR-3BN) dye under microaerophilic conditions. FTIR analysis confirmed a several-fold reduction of functional groups such as CO (carbonyl), C–H stretching, and aromatic bands indicate structural reduction of the synthetic dye. GC-MS spectra revealed a significant reduction of phenol, 3.5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) by 25.7 % and benzene,(1-methylundecyl) by 17.2 %, suggesting chromophore breakdown. Toxic phthalate derivatives like 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and dibutyl phthalate (endocrine disruptor) were reduced by 25.8 % and 28.4 %, respectively. Compared to untreated dye, bacterial treatment showed 61.3 % reduction of overall phytotoxicity and enhanced root elongation in Lablab purpureus by 31.3 %, likely due to the PGPR traits. The VITKSS5-VITKSS6 consortium demonstrated a promising solution for effective bioremediation of high concentration of BR-3BN dye. This study can contribute to the development of sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, following environmental clearance and ecological risk assessment.

偶氮染料广泛用于纺织工业，以其环境持久性，毒性和对传统废水处理的抗性而闻名。细菌染料的降解和解毒在高浓度下的微氧条件仍未被探索。本研究旨在建立一种新型细菌联合体，通过生态友好的生物修复方法降解高浓度Brill Red 30 （Acid Red 131）染料并解毒。铜绿假单胞菌VITKSS5和肺炎克雷伯菌VITKSS6表现出强大的生物膜形成和高达50,000 mg/L的染料耐受性。这是首次报道1000 mg/L Brill Red 30 （br - 30）染料在微亲氧条件下脱色97.6% %。FTIR分析证实，CO（羰基）、C-H拉伸和芳香基团等官能团的数倍还原表明合成染料的结构还原。GC-MS谱图显示，苯酚3.5-双（1,1-二甲基乙基）和苯（1-甲基十一烷基）分别减少了25.7 %和17.2 %，表明发色团分解。有毒的邻苯二甲酸衍生物如1,2 -苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（内分泌干扰物）分别减少了25.8 %和28.4 %。与未经处理的染料相比，细菌处理显示Lablab purpureus的总植物毒性降低了61.3 %，根伸长提高了31.3% %，可能是由于PGPR特性。VITKSS5-VITKSS6联合体为高浓度br - 30染料的有效生物修复提供了一种有前景的解决方案。本研究可为可持续废水处理技术的发展提供参考，并进行环境清理和生态风险评估。

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引用次数: 0

Removing micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) from water via novel composite adsorbents: A review 新型复合吸附剂去除水中微纳米塑料的研究进展

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100193

S. Abbas Rasouli , Onita D. Basu , Jinkai Xue , Jesse C. Vermaire

This review critically examines recent advances in the development of novel composite adsorbents specifically carbon-based, magnetic-based, and metal-organic-framework-based materials (MOFs), for the efficient removal of Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) from water. While these composites demonstrate superior adsorption performance compared to traditional adsorbents (e.g., chitosan, carbon nanotube, biochar, and granular activated carbon), challenges such as scalability, synthesis complexity, and environmental safety remain. Carbon-based composites offer high surface area, diverse functional groups, and enhanced adsorption capacity but face challenges with recovery. Magnetic composites facilitate easy separation and reuse but are hindered by synthesis complexity. MOFs provide tunable porosity and selectivity, yet their stability and cost require improvement. Thus, future research should prioritize the development of composite adsorbents that are stable, sustainable, and scalable for practical water treatment applications. Integrating experimental data with computational modeling to optimize adsorption processes, and tailoring surface functionalities for specific MNP types will further boost removal efficiency and selectivity. This strategic focus aims to advance water treatment technologies capable of efficiently and safely mitigating the growing challenge of MNP pollution across various aquatic environments.

本文综述了新型复合吸附剂的最新进展，特别是碳基、磁性和金属有机骨架材料（mof），用于有效去除水中的微塑料和纳米塑料（MNPs）。虽然与传统吸附剂（如壳聚糖、碳纳米管、生物炭和颗粒活性炭）相比，这些复合材料表现出优越的吸附性能，但仍存在可扩展性、合成复杂性和环境安全性等挑战。碳基复合材料具有高表面积、多种官能团和增强的吸附能力，但在回收方面面临挑战。磁性复合材料易于分离和重用，但其合成的复杂性阻碍了磁性复合材料的发展。mof提供了可调的孔隙度和选择性，但其稳定性和成本需要改进。因此，未来的研究应优先开发稳定、可持续、可扩展的复合吸附剂，用于实际的水处理应用。将实验数据与计算模型相结合，优化吸附过程，并为特定MNP类型定制表面功能，将进一步提高去除效率和选择性。这一战略重点旨在推进能够有效和安全地缓解各种水生环境中MNP污染日益严峻的挑战的水处理技术。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of lake surface water dynamics in selected Ethiopian lakes using geospatial techniques 利用地理空间技术评估选定的埃塞俄比亚湖泊的湖泊地表水动态

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100200

Alazer Bergene Bante , Kanenus Fufa Dararo , Tesfaye Dagne Diriba , Natnael Ketema Taddesse , Bayisa Negasa Wolteji , Indale Niguse Dejene

Lake water-level fluctuations, driven by climate change and human activities, threaten freshwater ecosystems globally, particularly in tropical regions. Ethiopia, home to 46 lakes, faces alarming declines in lake surface water area, endangering biodiversity and water security. This study assesses water-level changes in Ethiopian lakes from 1992 to 2022 using Landsat imagery and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) on Google Earth Engine. A NDWI 0.3-threshold classified water features, revealing severe declines in seven lakes: Lake Haramaya experienced a 46.1 % reduction in surface water area, Abijata (59.7 %), Chelekleka (73.4 %), Ziway (12.2 %), Shalla (2.6 %), Chamo (11.5 %), and Tana (8.5 %). Geospatial analysis highlights unsustainable water use and climate impacts as key drivers. Urgent conservation measures, including improved resource management and policy interventions, are recommended to mitigate further degradation. This research underscores the vulnerability of Ethiopian lakes and demonstrates the utility of remote sensing for monitoring hydrological changes in data-scarce regions.

气候变化和人类活动造成的湖泊水位波动威胁着全球的淡水生态系统，特别是在热带地区。拥有46个湖泊的埃塞俄比亚，面临着湖泊表水面积惊人的下降，危及生物多样性和水安全。本研究利用陆地卫星图像和谷歌Earth Engine上的归一化差水指数（NDWI）评估了1992年至2022年埃塞俄比亚湖泊的水位变化。NDWI 0.3阈值对水体特征进行了分类，揭示了七个湖泊的严重下降：哈拉玛亚湖的地表水面积减少了46.1% %,Abijata(59.7% %),Chelekleka(73.4 %),Ziway(12.2 %),Shalla(2.6 %),Chamo（11.5 %）和Tana（8.5 %）。地理空间分析强调，不可持续的水资源利用和气候影响是主要驱动因素。建议采取紧急保护措施，包括改进资源管理和政策干预，以减轻进一步的退化。这项研究强调了埃塞俄比亚湖泊的脆弱性，并证明了遥感在数据稀缺地区监测水文变化的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Sorption of carbamazepine and naproxen in fixed-bed columns with HDTMA-modified zeolite hdtma修饰沸石在固定床柱上吸附卡马西平和萘普生

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100187

María Eugenia Becerril Ortiz , Jorge Javier Ramirez García , Armando Ramírez Serrano

This study evaluated the sorption performance of HDTMA-modified clinoptilolite in fixed-bed columns for naproxen (NPX) and carbamazepine (CBZ) removal. Surface characterization (FTIR, SEM/EDS) confirmed surfactant anchoring and the formation of hydrophobic domains. Under optimal conditions (bed height = 15 cm, flow = 0.5 mL min⁻¹), 95 % NPX and 36 % CBZ removal were achieved, while a 1:2 NPX:CBZ mixture exhibited a cooperative π–π interaction enhancing CBZ removal up to 82 %. Breakthrough data were fitted to Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Bohart–Adams models, showing high correlation (R² > 0.95). The process required less than 0.1 kWh m⁻³ , demonstrating low energy demand and carbon footprint compared with advanced oxidation processes. These findings highlight the potential of HDTMA-zeolite as an affordable and sustainable adsorbent for continuous pharmaceutical removal.

研究了hdtma改性斜沸石在固定床柱上对萘普生（NPX）和卡马西平（CBZ）的吸附性能。表面表征（FTIR, SEM/EDS）证实了表面活性剂的锚定和疏水结构域的形成。在最佳条件下（床高= 15 cm，流量= 0.5 mL min⁻¹），NPX去除率达到95 %，CBZ去除率达到36 %，而1:2的NPX:CBZ混合物表现出π -π相互作用，CBZ去除率达到82 %。突破数据拟合Thomas、Yoon-Nelson和Bohart-Adams模型，显示出高相关性（R²> 0.95）。该工艺所需的能量小于0.1 kWh m（⁻³ ），与高级氧化工艺相比，能耗低，碳足迹少。这些发现突出了hdtma -沸石作为一种经济实惠且可持续的连续药物去除吸附剂的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Groundwater chemistry and quality of Lower Chalakudy River Basin, India during extreme climatic events: Lessons to understand for evolving future mitigation measures in Western Ghats, India 极端气候事件期间印度下查拉库迪河流域地下水化学和质量：为印度西高止山脉不断发展的未来缓解措施需要了解的经验教训

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100196

R Resmi , A Krishnakumar , Krishnan Anoop Krishnan

This study uses geochemical methods to analyze how extreme precipitation events impact groundwater hydrochemistry and geochemical processes in the shallow aquifer systems of the Lower Chalakudy River Basin (LCRB), southern Western Ghats, India, within the context of climate change. A total of 84 groundwater samples were collected during Pre-Extreme Precipitation Events (PEE), Extreme Precipitation Events (EPE), and Post-Extreme Precipitation Events (PoEE). The groundwater is dominated by mixed types rich in Ca^2 + -Mg²⁺-Cl. Geochemical modeling indicates saturation of carbonate minerals and undersaturation of evaporites, suggesting active silicate weathering. Strong positive correlations are observed between TDS with Ca, EC, Mg, K, HCO₃, and Cl in almost all samples, regardless of the extreme events. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted three significant principal components, explaining a total variance of 84.02 %, 81.08 %, and 80.66 % for PEE, EPE, and PoEE, respectively. The hydrogeological signatures of the LCRB are influenced by reverse ion exchange and silicate weathering. The Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) shows insignificant pollution; however, spatial interpolation through Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), combined with Semivariogram modeling, of heavy metals reveals human health risk assessment (HHRA), with Hazard Index (HI) values exceeding limits for Non-Carcinogenic Risks (NCR) in both adults and children. The relative abundance of the Carcinogenic Risk (CR) factor for trace elements in the study area follows the order of Cr> Cd> As, in PEE, Cd> Cr> As, in EPE, Cd> As in PoEE. A comprehensive understanding of these dynamics is crucial for efficient water resource management and adaptation strategies in response to climate change.

本研究利用地球化学方法分析了气候变化背景下印度西高止山脉南部下Chalakudy河流域（LCRB）浅层含水层系统中极端降水事件对地下水水化学和地球化学过程的影响。在极端降水事件前（PEE）、极端降水事件（EPE）和极端降水事件后（PoEE）共采集了84个地下水样本。地下水以富含Ca2 + -Mg2+-Cl的混合型为主。地球化学模拟显示碳酸盐矿物饱和，蒸发岩欠饱和，显示活跃的硅酸盐风化作用。在几乎所有样品中，无论极端事件如何，TDS与Ca、EC、Mg、K、HCO3和Cl之间都存在很强的正相关。主成分分析（PCA）提取了三个显著主成分，PEE、EPE和PoEE的总方差分别为84.02 %、81.08 %和80.66 %。LCRB的水文地质特征受反向离子交换和硅酸盐风化的影响。地下水污染指数（PIG）为不显著污染；然而，通过经验贝叶斯克里格（EBK）结合半变异函数模型的空间插值，重金属的人类健康风险评估（HHRA）显示，成人和儿童的危害指数（HI）值都超过了非致癌风险（NCR）的限值。研究区微量元素致癌风险因子的相对丰度顺序为：PEE中Cr>； Cd>； As， EPE中Cd>； Cr>； As， PoEE中Cd>； As。全面了解这些动态对于有效的水资源管理和应对气候变化的适应战略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Bibliometric review of ballast water management within the framework of the circular economy 循环经济框架下压载水管理的文献计量学综述

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100213

Dian Kurnianing Sari , Mochamad Arief Budihardjo , Annisa Sila Puspita , Fathoni Firmansyah , Ilmi Tri Zenith

The implementation of the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) has prompted a rapid growth in global research on ballast water management. However, the relationship between ballast water management and circular economy (CE) principles, as well as its implications for maritime sustainability, has not yet been systematically mapped. This study addresses this gap through a bibliometric review aimed at identifying research trends, thematic structures, and patterns of scientific collaboration in ballast water management studies relevant to sustainability and the transition toward a circular economy. A total of 3380 documents were retrieved from the Scopus database using the keyword “ballast water.” Following screening based on PRISMA guidelines, 1027 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2024 were selected for analysis. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny) and VOSviewer software. The results indicate a substantial increase in publication output following the enforcement of the BWMC, with a peak in 2023 comprising 117 articles. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified five major thematic clusters: invasive species and ecological risks; ballast water treatment technologies; environmental monitoring; microbiological aspects; and governance and policy. China and the United States emerged as the leading countries in scientific output, while Dalian Maritime University and Shanghai Ocean University demonstrated the highest institutional impact. The global collaboration network was structured around key authors, including Bailey, Gollasch, David, and Ruiz. Although existing research predominantly focuses on technological and ecological dimensions, limited attention has been given to life-cycle impacts, resource efficiency, and circular economy-based approaches. Overall, this study highlights bibliometric analysis as a valuable tool for informing sustainable maritime policies and advancing ballast water management within circular economy frameworks.

《压载水管理公约》（BWMC）的实施促进了全球压载水管理研究的快速发展。然而，压载水管理与循环经济（CE）原则之间的关系及其对海洋可持续性的影响尚未得到系统的映射。本研究通过文献计量学综述来解决这一差距，旨在确定与可持续性和向循环经济过渡相关的压载水管理研究的研究趋势、主题结构和科学合作模式。使用关键词“压载水”从Scopus数据库中检索了总共3380份文档。根据PRISMA指南进行筛选后，选择了2015年至2024年间发表的1027篇同行评议的期刊文章进行分析。采用Bibliometrix （Biblioshiny）和VOSviewer软件进行文献计量学分析。结果表明，在BWMC实施后，出版物产量大幅增加，2023年达到峰值，包括117篇文章。关键词共现分析确定五大专题集群：入侵物种和生态风险；压载水处理技术；环境监测;微生物方面;还有治理和政策。中国和美国成为科学产出的领先国家，而大连海事大学和上海海洋大学表现出最高的机构影响力。全球协作网络是围绕主要作者构建的，包括Bailey、Gollasch、David和Ruiz。虽然现有的研究主要集中在技术和生态方面，但对生命周期影响、资源效率和基于循环经济的方法的关注有限。总体而言，本研究强调了文献计量分析作为一种有价值的工具，可以为可持续海事政策提供信息，并在循环经济框架内推进压载水管理。

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引用次数: 0

Lead-Induced morpho-physiological and antioxidant responses of Pistia stratiotes L.: Insights into its role as a bioindicator and phytoremediator in aquatic environments 铅诱导的层状圆尾鱼形态生理和抗氧化反应：其在水生环境中作为生物指示剂和植物修复剂的作用

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100211

Md Ekram Hossain , Mehebub Sarwar Hossain , Sk Saruk Islam , Arnab Kumar De , Sk Md Abu Imam Saadi

Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems represents a significant environmental challenge due to its persistence, toxicity, and propensity for bioaccumulation. This study investigated the impact of lead [Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂] on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant responses of Pistia stratiotes exposed to concentrations of 0 µM (control), 200 µM, 300 µM, 400 µM, and 500 µM Pb for 7 days at 37 ± 1°C, 85 % RH. Relative growth rate (RGR) increased progressively up to 400 µM (1.100 gg⁻¹day⁻¹) before declining at 500 µM (0.730 gg⁻¹ day⁻¹), although growth remained above control values. Lead accumulation in plant tissues exhibited a strong concentration-dependent increase from 10.410 mg/kg (control) to 8182.000 mg/kg (500 µM), confirming P. stratiotes as a potential lead hyperaccumulator. Chlorophyll content decreased from 1.365 ± 0.006 mg/g (control) to 1.306 ± 0.022 mg/g (500 µM) under Pb stress, indicative of photoinhibition and potential biomass loss. Concurrently, levels of ascorbic acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and total antioxidant capacity significantly increased with Pb concentration, reflecting the activation of antioxidative defense mechanisms and oxidative stress responses. Bioconcentration factor (BCF= 0.056), tolerance index (TI= 106.25 %) at 400 µM, and Pb uptake measurements demonstrated the species’ high efficiency in phytoextraction and rhizofiltration processes. Collectively, these findings underscore the substantial tolerance and accumulation capacity of P. stratiotes under moderate Pb stress (400 µM), highlighting its suitability as a phytoremediator for lead-contaminated aquatic environments and as an effective bioindicator for environmental monitoring.

水生生态系统中的重金属污染由于其持久性、毒性和生物积累倾向而构成了一个重大的环境挑战。本研究研究了铅[Pb（C₂H₃O₂）2]在37±1℃，85 % RH条件下暴露于浓度为0 µM（对照）、200 µM、300 µM、400 µM和500 µM的Pb环境7天，对层状绿皮鱼生长、光合色素和抗氧化反应的影响。相对增长率（RGR）逐渐增加到400 µM （1.100 gg - 1天毒血症），然后下降到500 µM （0.730 gg - 1天毒血症），尽管增长率仍然高于控制值。植物组织中铅的积累表现出强烈的浓度依赖性，从10.410 mg/kg（对照）增加到8182.000 mg/kg(500 µM)，证实了层状叶假单胞菌是潜在的铅超积累者。Pb胁迫下叶绿素含量从1.365 ± 0.006 mg/g（对照）下降到1.306 ± 0.022 mg/g(500 µM)，表明存在光抑制和潜在的生物量损失。同时，抗坏血酸、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸和总抗氧化能力水平随Pb浓度的升高而显著升高，反映了抗氧化防御机制的激活和氧化应激反应。400 µM条件下的生物富集系数（BCF= 0.056）、耐受性指数（TI= 106.25 %）和Pb吸收测量表明，该物种在植物提取和根际过滤过程中具有较高的效率。综上所述，这些发现强调了层状假单叶藻在中等铅胁迫（400 µM）下的巨大耐受性和积累能力，突出了其作为铅污染水生环境的植物修复剂和环境监测的有效生物指标的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Functional and structural in silico characterization of endolysins encoded by the novel lytic coliphage ASEC2201 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant 从污水处理厂分离的新型裂解性噬菌体ASEC2201编码的内溶素的功能和结构的硅表征

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100212

Sudhaker Padmesh , Humaira Saeed , Aditi Singh , Manodeep Sen

Background

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in environmental and clinical settings necessitates alternative antibacterial strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins are promising enzybiotics due to their rapid bacteriolytic activity, target specificity, and low resistance potential; however, the diversity and functional attributes of endolysins encoded by environmental phage remain underexplored.

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize the endolysin system of a novel lytic coliphage, ASEC2201, isolated from a wastewater treatment plant, and to evaluate the structural, evolutionary, and antimicrobial features of its encoded endolysins using in silico approaches.

Methodology

Three putative endolysin genes identified from the annotated ASEC2201 genome were analysed using sequence similarity searches, conserved domain identification, and phylogenetic reconstruction. Physicochemical properties, promoter elements, secondary and tertiary structures, catalytic residues, and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) propensity were predicted using established bioinformatic tools.

Results

All three endolysins belonged to the lysozyme-like R21 superfamily but displayed significant sequence and evolutionary divergence. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one endolysin clustered with classical phage lysozymes, while the other two formed a distinct R21-type subclade, indicating functional diversification. Structural modelling confirmed stable, catalytically competent folds with conserved active-site residues. Importantly, all three contained intrinsic AMP-like regions, suggesting a dual antibacterial mechanism involving enzymatic peptidoglycan degradation and membrane-interacting activity.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that phage ASEC2201 encodes a diversified endolysin arsenal with strong predicted stability and antimicrobial potential. These endolysins represent promising candidates for the development of next-generation therapeutics targeting MDR E. coli, providing a robust computational foundation for future experimental validation.

背景：随着环境和临床环境中耐多药大肠杆菌（MDR）的日益流行，需要在常规抗生素之外采用其他抗菌策略。噬菌体衍生的内溶素因其快速的溶菌活性、靶向特异性和低耐药潜力而成为有前途的酶；然而，环境噬菌体编码的内溶素的多样性和功能属性仍未得到充分的研究。本研究旨在表征从污水处理厂分离的新型裂解性噬菌体ASEC2201的内溶素系统，并利用计算机方法评估其编码的内溶素的结构、进化和抗菌特性。方法采用序列相似性搜索、保守结构域鉴定和系统发育重建等方法，对从ASEC2201基因组中鉴定出的3个推测的内溶素基因进行分析。利用已建立的生物信息学工具预测了其理化性质、启动子元件、二级和三级结构、催化残基和抗菌肽（AMP）倾向。结果3种内溶酶均属于类溶菌酶R21超家族，但具有明显的序列和进化差异。系统发育分析显示，一种内溶素与经典的噬菌体溶菌酶聚集在一起，而另外两种形成了不同的r21型亚支，表明功能多样化。结构模型证实了具有保守活性位点残基的稳定、催化能力强的褶皱。重要的是，这三种细菌都含有内在的amp样区域，表明其具有双重抗菌机制，涉及酶促肽聚糖降解和膜相互作用活性。结论噬菌体ASEC2201编码多种内溶素库，具有较强的稳定性和抗菌潜力。这些内溶素代表了开发针对耐多药大肠杆菌的下一代治疗药物的有希望的候选者，为未来的实验验证提供了强大的计算基础。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial modeling of water consumption on construction sites 建筑工地用水空间模型

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100209

Gabriela da Silva Inácio , Elisa Henning , Andreza Kalbusch

Understanding aspects related to water consumption on construction sites is essential for directing actions aimed at water conservation in the urban environment. This study aims to analyze the variables that impact water use on construction sites in Joinville and how these variables manifest in a spatial analysis. Data from 63 construction sites are analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational (Spearman correlation), and spatial (Moran Index and geographically weighted regression - GWR) techniques. The total water consumption of the sample ranged from 143 m³ to 6865 m³ and showed a positive correlation with the built area, number of floors, number of apartments, and construction time. GWR revealed that the relationship between water consumption and independent variables varied according to location, which the linear regression model did not capture. The research suggests that considering local factors is crucial for the efficient management of water consumption on construction sites since GWR indicated that variables affect consumption differently in each region.

了解与建筑工地用水有关的方面对于指导城市环境中的节水行动至关重要。本研究旨在分析影响Joinville建筑工地用水的变量以及这些变量如何在空间分析中表现出来。使用描述性统计、相关性（Spearman相关性）和空间（Moran指数和地理加权回归）技术对63个建筑工地的数据进行了分析。样本总用水量范围为143 m³ ~ 6865 m³ ，与建筑面积、楼层数、户数、施工时间呈正相关。GWR表明，用水量与自变量之间的关系因地而异，这是线性回归模型无法捕捉的。研究表明，考虑当地因素对于有效管理建筑工地用水量至关重要，因为GWR表明变量对每个地区用水量的影响是不同的。

引用次数: 0

Intermontane groundwater systems of southern India: Quality assessment and controlling processes 印度南部的山间地下水系统：质量评估和控制过程

Cleaner Water

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2026.100207

Muthuramalingam Rajendran , Kongeswaran Thangaraj , Prabakaran Kulandaisamy , Sivakumar Karthikeyan , Perumal Velmayil , Venkatramanan Senapathi , Vasanthavigar Murugesan

This study assesses groundwater quality in an intermontane region of the Eastern Ghats, South India, focusing on physicochemical characteristics, heavy metal contamination, and suitability for drinking and irrigation. Groundwater samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), and toxic metals (Cd, Pb, Cr) using standardized laboratory methods. Spatial variability in water quality was mapped using ArcGIS v10.8, and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), and Water Quality Index (WQI) were applied to quantify pollution levels. Results showed that nearly 45 % of samples exceeded safe limits for drinking (WQI > 100), mainly due to elevated EC (up to 4870 µS/cm), TDS (up to 3410 mg/L), TH (up to 1400 mg/L), and toxic metals above permissible standards. Hydrogeochemical analysis indicated that carbonate weathering and ion exchange are the dominant natural processes, but anthropogenic inputs, including agricultural runoff and industrial effluents, significantly increased contamination. Irrigation suitability assessment revealed critical constraints, with EC levels above 3000 µS/cm and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values reaching 10 at several sites, indicating risks of salinization and sodicity. Overall, the study highlights the urgent need for targeted pollution control, stricter environmental regulations, and sustainable groundwater management strategies to protect public health and agricultural productivity in this vulnerable semi-arid highland region.

本研究评估了印度南部东高止山脉的一个山间地区的地下水质量，重点关注物理化学特征、重金属污染以及饮用和灌溉的适宜性。使用标准化的实验室方法分析地下水样品的pH值、电导率（EC）、总溶解固体（TDS）、总硬度（TH）、硫酸盐（SO₄²⁻）和有毒金属（Cd、Pb、Cr）。利用ArcGIS v10.8软件绘制水质空间变异性图，采用重金属污染指数（HPI）、重金属评价指数（HEI）和水质指数（WQI）对污染程度进行量化。结果表明，近45 %的样品超过安全饮用限值（WQI > 100），主要原因是EC（高达4870 µS/cm）， TDS（高达3410 mg/L）， TH（高达1400 mg/L）和有毒金属超过允许标准。水文地球化学分析表明，碳酸盐风化和离子交换是主要的自然过程，但人为输入，包括农业径流和工业废水，显著增加了污染。灌溉适宜性评估显示出关键约束条件，EC水平高于3000 µS/cm，钠吸附比（SAR）在几个地点达到10，表明存在盐碱化和碱化风险。总体而言，该研究强调迫切需要有针对性的污染控制、更严格的环境法规和可持续的地下水管理战略，以保护这一脆弱的半干旱高地地区的公众健康和农业生产力。

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