Journal of Safety and Sustainability最新文献

When more becomes less: Re-examining permit-to-work, procedures, and communication as risk-management controls 当“多”变“少”时：重新审视工作许可、程序和沟通作为风险管理控制

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.04.003

Mashel Gonyora

Chemical process industries (CPIs) play a central role in the global economy, contributing substantially to employment, exports, and GDP in South Africa. However, major accident hazards present significant risks to operations, human life, the environment, and economic stability. Many incidents arise from human and organisational factors (HOFs) or equipment failures, making an understanding of human factors essential within complex CPI environments. Organisations in high-hazard settings often respond to operational failures by modifying procedures rather than addressing system-level weaknesses. This typically increases procedural volume, detail, and communication demands, yet failures in communication, especially during shift handover, remain major contributors to industrial accidents worldwide, raising concerns about the effectiveness of procedure-driven interventions. This study examined employees’ perceptions of HOFs, focusing on procedures, communication, permit-to-work (PTW), risk management, competence, and incident occurrence. A quantitative survey was administered to 339 respondents selected through simple random sampling from a population of 2834 employees in a South African CPI facility. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Survey data and participant comments (n = 36) were analysed to assess how procedural volume, communication frequency, and PTW practices influence maintenance-related risk. The results show that: increasing procedures or making them more detailed does not enhance risk management performance; increasing communication events does not improve risk management; and PTW serves as a vital safety barrier, with deficiencies in PTW significantly raising operational risk. These results challenge assumptions that more procedures or communication inherently strengthen safety, highlighting the importance of usability, clarity, and PTW integrity instead.

化学加工工业（cpi）在全球经济中发挥着核心作用，对南非的就业、出口和GDP做出了重大贡献。然而，重大事故危害会对运行、人员生命、环境和经济稳定带来重大风险。许多事故都是由人为和组织因素（hof）或设备故障引起的，因此在复杂的CPI环境中，了解人为因素至关重要。处于高风险环境中的组织经常通过修改程序来应对操作失败，而不是解决系统级的弱点。这通常会增加程序量、细节和沟通需求，但沟通失败，特别是在轮班交接期间，仍然是世界范围内工业事故的主要原因，引起了对程序驱动干预措施有效性的关注。本研究调查了员工对HOFs的看法，重点是程序、沟通、工作许可（PTW）、风险管理、能力和事件发生。通过简单随机抽样，从南非CPI工厂的2834名员工中选出339名受访者进行了定量调查。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）和矩结构分析（AMOS）进行探索性和验证性因素分析和结构方程建模。对调查数据和参与者意见（n = 36）进行分析，以评估程序量、通信频率和PTW实践如何影响维护相关风险。结果表明：增加流程或细化流程并不能提高风险管理绩效；增加沟通事件并不能改善风险管理；PTW是至关重要的安全屏障，PTW的缺陷显著增加了操作风险。这些结果挑战了更多的程序或沟通本质上加强安全性的假设，取而代之的是强调可用性、清晰度和PTW完整性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Evolution law of crack propagation in sandstone with holes and fractures under loading 荷载作用下带孔裂隙砂岩裂纹扩展演化规律

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.04.001

Xuelong Li, Kai Yang, Shumin Liu, Fan Feng

To reveal the evolution law of crack propagation in sandstone under the coupling effect of holes and fractures under loading, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on red sandstone specimens prefabricated with different hole diameters (0–20 mm) and fracture dip angles (0–90°). Combined with stress–strain monitoring, real-time image observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the mechanical properties, dynamic crack evolution and microscopic fracture characteristics were systematically studied. The results show that the peak strength of sandstone exhibits a U-shaped variation with fracture dip angle and reaches the minimum at 60°. The peak strength decreases continuously with the increase of hole diameter, and specimens with larger hole diameters are less sensitive to changes in dip angle. The peak strain presents an M-shaped variation with fracture dip angle, and the strain of specimens with different hole diameters tends to be consistent (about 0.009) at 90°. The crack initiation position varies with dip angle: cracks initiate from the hole at 0–30° and from the fracture tip at 45–90°. The failure modes are classified into tensile-shear failure (0°, 15°, 30°, 90°) and shear failure (45°, 60°, 75°). Microstructural fracture analysis indicates that specimens with both steep and shallow inclinations predominantly exhibit coexisting intergranular and intragranular fracture, while specimens with medium dip angles are dominated by intergranular slip failure. The research results clarify the control mechanism of hole–fracture parameters on sandstone failure, and provide theoretical support for stability evaluation of deep coal mine rock masses and instability prediction of underground engineering rock masses.

为揭示孔隙与裂缝耦合作用下砂岩中裂纹扩展的演化规律，对预制不同孔径（0 ~ 20 mm）、裂缝倾角（0 ~ 90°）的红砂岩试件进行了单轴压缩试验。结合应力应变监测、实时图像观察和扫描电镜（SEM）分析，系统研究了其力学性能、动态裂纹演化和微观断裂特征。结果表明：砂岩的峰值强度随裂缝倾角呈u型变化，在裂缝倾角为60°时达到最小；峰值强度随孔径的增大而不断降低，且孔径较大的试样对倾角变化的敏感性较低。峰值应变随破裂倾角呈m型变化，不同孔径试样在90°处应变趋于一致（约0.009）。裂纹起裂位置随倾角的变化而变化，0 ~ 30°处从孔处起裂，45 ~ 90°处从断头处起裂。破坏模式分为拉剪破坏（0°、15°、30°、90°）和剪切破坏（45°、60°、75°）。显微组织断裂分析表明，大倾角和浅倾角试样主要表现为晶间和粒内共存断裂，中等倾角试样主要表现为晶间滑移破坏。研究结果阐明了孔裂参数对砂岩破坏的控制机理，为深部煤矿岩体稳定性评价和地下工程岩体失稳预测提供理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the co-pyrolysis of forestry wastes with waste plastics and the generation of three-phase products 林业废弃物与废塑料共热解及三相产物生成的研究

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.05.001

Zhe Xiang, Jishuo Li, Xiwen Yao, Kaili Xu, He Sun, Mingshuang Chen, Xiaoqing He

Co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics not only helps improve the quality of pyrolysis products, but also offers a useful solution to environmental pollution. In this study, the pyrolysis process of biomass with high density polyethylene (HDPE) is examined with a Thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) and a tubular furnace experiment system. The co-pyrolysis products are analyzed and the synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the synergistic effect is the strongest at the HDPE mixing ratio of 70%. Co-pyrolysis makes little difference to solid production, but it can inhibit tar production and facilitate gas production. With the increase of HDPE mixing ratio, the solid yield reduces from 24.33% to 1.08%, the tar yield increases from 19.31% to 41.60% and the gas yield first increases then reduces. Correspondingly, the relative contents of CO and CO₂ reduce from 31.48% and 26.41% to 4.16% and 3.05%, the relative content of CH₄ increases from 12.95% to 59.64% and that of H₂ content first reduces from 29.16% to 14.70% then increases from 14.70% to 33.16%. From the difference between the experimental and calculated gas precipitations, co-pyrolysis facilitates the generation of CO and CO₂ but inhibits the generation of H₂. Our systematic analysis of co-pyrolysis products of biomass with HDPE provides theoretical reference for subsequent studies and contributes to further improving the synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis process.

生物质与废塑料共热解不仅有助于提高热解产物质量，而且为解决环境污染提供了有益的方法。本文采用热重分析仪（TG）和管式炉实验系统对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）生物质的热解过程进行了研究。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）对共热解产物进行了分析，并对共热解的协同效应进行了鉴定。结果表明，当HDPE掺量为70%时，增效效果最强。共热解对固体生成影响不大，但能抑制焦油生成，促进产气。随着HDPE掺量的增加，固体收率由24.33%降低到1.08%，焦油收率由19.31%提高到41.60%，气收率先升高后降低。相应的，CO和CO2的相对含量从31.48%和26.41%下降到4.16%和3.05%，CH4的相对含量从12.95%上升到59.64%，H2的相对含量先从29.16%下降到14.70%，再从14.70%上升到33.16%。从实验和计算的气体析出量的差异来看，共热解促进CO和CO2的生成，抑制H2的生成。我们对生物质与HDPE共热解产物的系统分析，为后续研究提供了理论参考，有助于进一步提高共热解过程的协同效应。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial on Safety 5.0: Safety management in sustainable, human-centric, and resilient industrial systems 安全5.0社论：可持续、以人为本和有弹性的工业系统中的安全管理

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.03.003

Elena Stefana, Giulio Di Gravio, Riccardo Patriarca

引用次数: 0

Innovation and practice of safe mining and sustainable development of metal mines 安全开采与金属矿山可持续发展的创新与实践

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.06.003

Xibing Li, Linqi Huang, Siyu Peng, Longjun Dong, Zhixiang Liu, Tubing Yin, Ming Tao, Jiangzhan Chen

With the increasing complexity and challenges of the metal mining environment, realizing safe, efficient, and low-dilution extraction has become an indispensable guarantee for stabilizing the supply of key mineral resources, which is also a core requirement for promoting the sustainable development of the metal mining industry. This paper systematically summarizes the innovative theories, key technologies, and practical methods proposed for high-efficiency, safe, and low-dilution mining of metal mines under complex mining conditions. Based on the proposed concept of “transforming hazards into benefits” and the complex stress conditions inherent in underground metal mining, a rock failure theory system under coupled dynamic and static loading, suitable for hard rock underground mining, has been established in terms of theory. An efficient and orderly fracturing technique for hard rock and an intelligent ground pressure monitoring and early warning system have been successfully developed, providing technical support for safe and efficient mining. Several innovative approaches are proposed and applied in practice, including continuous mining in hazardous goaf environments, integrated backfilling of caved zones using phosphate waste, and safe undersea extraction with low dilution and minimal loss. The research results not only provide a comprehensive theoretical and technical framework for the safe and efficient exploitation of metal mines under complex conditions but also point out the development direction for next-generation technologies such as intelligent unmanned mining and synergistic mineral-geothermal co-extraction. These contributions offer substantial theoretical guidance and practical value for promoting sustainable mineral resource development and advancing scientific mining.

随着金属矿山开采环境的日益复杂和挑战，实现安全、高效、低贫化开采已成为稳定重点矿产资源供应不可或缺的保障，也是促进金属矿业可持续发展的核心要求。本文系统总结了复杂开采条件下金属矿山高效、安全、低贫化开采的创新理论、关键技术和实践方法。基于提出的“化害为利”理念，结合地下金属开采固有的复杂应力条件，从理论上建立了适合硬岩地下开采动、静耦合载荷作用下岩石破坏理论体系。成功开发了硬岩高效有序压裂技术和智能地压监测预警系统，为安全高效开采提供了技术支撑。提出了几种创新方法，包括危险采空区连续开采、磷矿废物塌陷区综合回填、低稀释、低损失的安全海底提取等，并在实践中得到了应用。研究成果不仅为复杂条件下金属矿山安全高效开采提供了全面的理论和技术框架，也为智能无人开采、矿地热协同开采等下一代技术的发展指明了方向。这些贡献对促进矿产资源可持续开发，推进科学采矿具有重要的理论指导和实践价值。

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引用次数: 0

Combined chemical, physical, and climatic exposures and their objective–subjective assessment in indoor and therapy pool employees 室内和治疗池员工的化学、物理和气候综合暴露及其主客观评价

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.04.002

Nina Aline Hanning, Marina Bier, Dennis Brückner, Anke Kahl

The working and health conditions of employees in indoor and therapy pools are influenced by a large number of simultaneously acting technical, chemical, and physical–climatic factors. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate combined exposure situations and their association with subjectively perceived stress and health-related outcomes among employees. As part of the study, 70 employees from nine selected swimming pool facilities participated in a standardised written survey focusing on perceived working and health conditions. In parallel, measurements of airborne hazardous substances – particularly trichloramine (NCl₃) – as well as physical and climatic environmental conditions were conducted under real operational conditions. All measured chemical and physical exposure levels were below applicable limit or assessment values. Nevertheless, the employee survey revealed pronounced subjective stress, particularly related to noise and thermal conditions. The findings indicate that even when individual limit values are met, combined exposure situations may contribute to increased perceived stress. The results highlight the importance of considering combined occupational stressors and subjective perception in occupational risk assessments and preventive workplace design in indoor and therapy pools.

员工在室内和治疗池中的工作和健康状况受到大量同时起作用的技术、化学和物理气候因素的影响。本研究的目的是系统地调查员工的综合暴露情况及其与主观感知压力和健康相关结果的关系。作为研究的一部分，来自9个选定的游泳池设施的70名员工参加了一项标准化的书面调查，重点是对工作和健康条件的看法。同时，在实际操作条件下测量了空气中有害物质——特别是三氯胺（NCl3）——以及物理和气候环境条件。所有测量的化学和物理暴露水平均低于适用限值或评估值。然而，员工调查显示了明显的主观压力，特别是与噪音和热条件有关。研究结果表明，即使达到个别限值，综合暴露情况也可能导致感知压力增加。研究结果强调了在室内和治疗池的职业风险评估和预防性工作场所设计中考虑综合职业压力源和主观感知的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial Board Member 编委会成员

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/S2949-9267(26)00029-6

引用次数: 0

Cousins, not twins: Harmonisation and divergence in national and international understandings of ALARA within nuclear safety regulation 表兄弟，不是双胞胎：国家和国际对核安全监管中ALARA理解的协调与分歧

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.06.002

Sannah Huiberdina Pieternella van Balen, Nathaniel Read, Eugene Shwageraus

The global impetus for increased nuclear power is accompanied by the recognition that design standardisation and increased cross-border regulatory harmonisation are essential to achieving such ambitions. This includes establishing greater clarity in how international safety principles are operationalised within national regulatory regimes and aligned with domestic requirements. A persistent source of friction lies in the interpretative ambiguity surrounding the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle. This study examines the issue through the analytical lens of the UK's non-prescriptive nuclear licensing regime. Within this setting, ALARA is implemented alongside closely related national and international concepts (Best Available Techniques (BAT), Optimisation, So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable (SFAIRP), and As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)), which are frequently treated as equivalent in practice. The article presents a comparative analysis of these five near-synonyms, examining their regulatory genealogies, underlying justifications, and associated compliance expectations. Drawing on boundary theory, the analysis shows that these concepts function as boundary objects whose apparent equivalence masks divergent regulatory origins and disparate underlying rationales. The analysis demonstrates how false synonymy obscures important differences in how proportionality and reasonableness are embedded at international versus national levels, with consequences for compliance expectations and reactor safety design. Collapsing these into synonymy leaves duty holders navigating unresolved conceptual tensions within a non-prescriptive regime. Such an equivalence carries consequences for reactor safety design and, at a systems level, for the predictability and effectiveness of the licensing regime. The results emphasise the need for earlier and more structured engagement to tackle false presumptions and apparent consensus, and call for sustained international dialogue aimed at developing a verified, shared understanding of proportionality and reasonableness across regulatory contexts.

在全球推动增加核电的同时，人们也认识到，设计标准化和加强跨境监管协调对于实现这一雄心至关重要。这包括更加明确国际安全原则如何在国家监管制度内实施，并与国内要求保持一致。一个持久的摩擦来源在于围绕“最低合理可达”原则的解释歧义。本研究通过英国非规范性核许可制度的分析视角考察了这一问题。在这种情况下，ALARA与密切相关的国家和国际概念（最佳可用技术（BAT），优化，尽可能合理可行（SFAIRP）和尽可能低可行（ALARP））一起实施，这些概念在实践中经常被视为等同。本文将对这五个近义词进行比较分析，检查它们的监管谱系、潜在的理由和相关的遵从性期望。根据边界理论，分析表明，这些概念作为边界对象，其表面上的等价性掩盖了不同的监管起源和不同的基本原理。分析表明，在国际和国家层面上，虚假同义词如何掩盖了比例性和合理性的重要差异，从而对合规性期望和反应堆安全设计产生了影响。将这些同义词分解为同义词，使责任持有人在非规范性制度中导航未解决的概念紧张关系。这种等效对反应堆安全设计产生影响，并在系统层面上对许可制度的可预测性和有效性产生影响。研究结果强调需要更早和更有组织的参与，以解决错误的假设和明显的共识，并呼吁进行持续的国际对话，旨在发展对跨监管背景下的比例性和合理性的经过验证的共同理解。

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引用次数: 0

A critical review of risk assessment tools for H2 gas explosions H2气体爆炸风险评估工具综述

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.05.002

Lucas Andersson, Joakim Sandström, Oisik Das, Michael Försth

Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the steel and mining industries can be achieved through the use of hydrogen gas; however, hydrogen infrastructure is susceptible to gas explosions, making effective risk management essential. The development of risk assessment tools, e.g., accident databases and consequence models, for quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is therefore critical for achieving a realistic understanding of explosion risks. This study presents a critical review of hydrogen risk assessment tools used in QRA, with the aim of evaluating their current state and identifying research needs for reliable risk prediction in large-scale hydrogen infrastructure. It is found that accident databases lack sufficient detail on explosion characteristics, particularly in distinguishing between deflagration and detonation events. Consequence models for confined explosions are typically derived from or validated against medium-scale experiments with significant variability, while open atmospheric models rely on a limited experimental basis. In addition, many models are based on assumptions originating from hydrocarbon gas explosions or solid explosives, raising concerns regarding their applicability to hydrogen. The results indicate that improved accident reporting is required to develop reliable frequency data, and that consequence models must be further developed and validated through large-scale, hydrogen-specific experimental campaigns. Addressing these gaps is essential for enabling more accurate QRAs and a realistic assessment of explosion risks in large-scale hydrogen infrastructure.

减少钢铁和采矿业的二氧化碳排放可以通过使用氢气来实现；然而，氢气基础设施容易受到气体爆炸的影响，因此有效的风险管理至关重要。因此，开发用于定量风险分析（QRA）的风险评估工具，例如事故数据库和后果模型，对于实现对爆炸风险的现实理解至关重要。本研究对QRA中使用的氢风险评估工具进行了综述，目的是评估其现状，并确定大规模氢基础设施可靠风险预测的研究需求。发现事故数据库缺乏足够的爆炸特性细节，特别是在区分爆燃和爆轰事件方面。密闭爆炸的后果模型通常是根据具有显著变异性的中等规模实验推导或验证的，而开放大气模型则依赖于有限的实验基础。此外，许多模型都是基于碳氢化合物气体爆炸或固体炸药的假设，这引起了人们对它们对氢的适用性的关注。结果表明，需要改进事故报告以开发可靠的频率数据，并且必须通过大规模的氢气特定实验活动进一步开发和验证后果模型。解决这些差距对于实现更准确的qra和对大规模氢基础设施爆炸风险的现实评估至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A review of metal dust explosion characteristics and protection technologies 金属粉尘爆炸特性及防护技术综述

Journal of Safety and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.01.001

Yawei Lu , Xingyan Cao , Zhirong Wang , Shuo Xu , Shaochen Sun

The research progress of metal dust explosion venting characteristics and its protection technology is expounded and summarized in this paper. Based on the summary of previous research, the main focus of current attention and the key scientific issues to be addressed are clearly stated. It mainly includes the explosion kinetic properties of the highly reactive combustible gas/metal dust two-phase system and its influencing mechanism, in particular, the chemical reaction process and combustion mechanism of two-phase system explosions; the rupture failure forms and influence mechanisms of rupture disc rupture in petrochemical devices under dynamic loading at different pressure rise rates; and, importantly, the developing appropriate explosion performance testing techniques and guidelines. Meanwhile, the active suppression characteristics and influence mechanism of gas/metal dust two-phase system explosion venting are also the focus of attention. In particular, the attenuation process and influence mechanism of hydrogen/magnesium powder explosion venting flame and shock wave under explosion suppression of active powder spraying, efficient explosion suppression agent and the size effect of the explosion suppression performance and its explosion suppression criterion. The solution of the above scientific problems can provide a theoretical basis for the development of key technologies for metal dust explosion protection. This provides crucial technical support for reducing the probability of metal dust explosion accidents, mitigating accident consequences, and promoting the safe and rapid development of industry.

本文对金属粉尘爆炸排气特性及其防护技术的研究进展进行了阐述和总结。在总结前人研究成果的基础上，明确了当前关注的主要焦点和需要解决的关键科学问题。主要包括高活性可燃性气体/金属粉尘两相体系的爆炸动力学特性及其影响机理，特别是两相体系爆炸的化学反应过程和燃烧机理；不同压力上升速率动载荷作用下石化装置爆破片破裂破坏形式及影响机理更重要的是，开发合适的爆炸性能测试技术和指南。同时，气体/金属粉尘两相系统爆炸通风的主动抑制特性及其影响机理也是人们关注的焦点。重点研究了活性粉末喷涂抑爆条件下氢/镁粉爆炸通风火焰和冲击波的衰减过程及影响机理、高效抑爆剂和抑爆性能的尺寸效应及其抑爆标准。上述科学问题的解决，可为金属粉尘防爆关键技术的发展提供理论依据。这为降低金属粉尘爆炸事故发生概率，减轻事故后果，促进工业安全快速发展提供了至关重要的技术支撑。

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引用次数: 0