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2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE)最新文献

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Benchmarking of Computer Vision Algorithms for Driver Monitoring on Automotive-grade Devices 汽车级设备驾驶员监控计算机视觉算法的基准测试
S. Battiato, S. Conoci, R. Leotta, A. Ortis, F. Rundo, F. Trenta
The continuing evolution of technologies in the automotive industry has led to the development of the so-called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). ADAS is the term used to describe vehicle-based intelligent safety systems designed to support the driver, with the aim to significantly improve his safety, and the driving safety in general. In terms of development, current ADAS technologies are based on control functions about the vehicle movements with respect to the objects and entities detected in the same environment (e.g., other vehicles, pedestrian, roads, etc.). However, there is an ever growing interest on the use of internal cameras to infer additional information regarding the driver status (e.g., weakness, level of attention). The purpose of such technologies is to provide accurate details about the environment in order to increase safety and smart driving. In the last few years, Computer Vision technology has achieved impressive results on several tasks related to recognition and detection of customized objects/entities on images and videos. However, automotive-grade devices’ hardware resources are limited, with respect to the once usually required for the implementation of modern Computer Vision algorithms. In this work, we present a benchmarking evaluation of a standard Computer Vision algorithm for the driver behaviour monitoring through face detection and analysis, comparing the performances obtained on a common laptop with the same experiments on an existing commercial automotive-grade device based on the Accordo5 processor by STMicroelectronics.
汽车行业技术的不断发展导致了所谓的高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)的发展。ADAS是一个术语,用于描述基于车辆的智能安全系统,旨在支持驾驶员,旨在显著提高其安全性,以及总体驾驶安全。在发展方面,目前的ADAS技术是基于对车辆在同一环境中检测到的物体和实体(例如,其他车辆、行人、道路等)的运动的控制功能。然而,越来越多的人对使用内部摄像头来推断驾驶员状态的额外信息(例如,虚弱,注意力水平)感兴趣。这些技术的目的是提供有关环境的准确细节,以提高安全性和智能驾驶。在过去的几年中,计算机视觉技术在与图像和视频上的定制对象/实体的识别和检测相关的几个任务上取得了令人印象深刻的成果。然而,汽车级设备的硬件资源是有限的,相对于实现现代计算机视觉算法通常需要的一次。在这项工作中,我们通过人脸检测和分析,对一种用于驾驶员行为监控的标准计算机视觉算法进行了基准评估,并将在普通笔记本电脑上获得的性能与在基于意法半导体(STMicroelectronics)的Accordo5处理器的现有商用汽车级设备上进行的相同实验进行了比较。
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引用次数: 6
[AEIT AUTOMOTIVE 2020 Front cover] [AEIT AUTOMOTIVE 2020封面]
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引用次数: 0
Aluminum Heat Sink Assisted Air-Cooling Thermal Management System for High Current Applications in Electric Vehicles 用于电动汽车大电流应用的铝散热器辅助风冷热管理系统
H. Behi, D. Karimi, J. Jaguemont, F. H. Gandoman, S. Khaleghi, J. Van Mierlo, M. Berecibar
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are preferred energy storage systems for vehicular applications due to the high capacity, long life, and power density. This paper offers the concept of a hybrid thermal management system (TMS), including a prismatic cell embedded fin heat sink (CHS) for high current applications. The experimental tests and numerical simulations are done to investigate the thermal characteristic of the utilized battery and CHS in natural and forced convection in 8C discharging rate (184 A). Results indicate that the maximum cell temperature in natural convection (NC) reaches 56 °C. Moreover, the temperature of the CHS in natural and forced convection reaches 51.5 °C and 31.1 °C. For further investigation, the optimization, including three cases, is done for the geometry of the forced convection cooling box. Results indicate that the maximum temperature of the CHS compared with NC reduced by 39.6%, 40.9%, and 38.4% for cases A, B, and C, respectively. In addition, there is an improvement of 6%, 28%, and 36% in the cell temperature uniformity for cases A, B, and C, respectively. It is also found that the inlet velocity of 3 m/s preserves the CHS in a safe temperature zone, which decreases the fan power consumption by 50%.
锂离子(Li-ion)电池因其高容量、长寿命和功率密度而成为汽车应用的首选储能系统。本文提出了一种混合热管理系统(TMS)的概念,包括用于大电流应用的棱镜电池嵌入式散热片(CHS)。在8C放电速率(184 A)条件下,采用自然对流和强制对流对电池和CHS的热特性进行了实验测试和数值模拟。结果表明,自然对流(NC)条件下电池的最高温度可达56℃。自然对流和强迫对流下CHS温度分别达到51.5℃和31.1℃。为了进一步研究,对强制对流冷却箱的几何形状进行了三种情况下的优化。结果表明:A、B、C病例的最高温度较NC分别降低了39.6%、40.9%和38.4%;此外,在A、B和C三种情况下,电池温度均匀性分别提高了6%、28%和36%。研究还发现,3 m/s的进口速度使CHS保持在安全温度范围内,使风机功耗降低50%。
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引用次数: 22
Automotive in "The Stack": a Cross-sectional View of the Field from Earth, through Platforms and Nonhuman Users to Anti-Users “堆栈”中的汽车:从地球角度从平台和非人类用户到反用户的横断面视图
Giorgio Pizzi
"The Stack" is the world vision developed by the American digital philosopher Benjamin H. Bratton, in his namesake ponderous essay. It is an abstraction describing a layered taxonomy based on the increasingly dominant ubiquity and pervasiveness of computation. Although "The Stack" is more a philosophical abstraction than an engineering model, it is very useful in understanding a specific technological field as a whole. Since a car is more and more a computational object, a high-speed computing platform on wheels, it is interesting to apply such a vision to the automotive field, starting from its rooting into the planet from which it draws the energetic and mineral resources, passing through the integration in clouds of services, delivered by platforms, and the "autonomization" of vehicles, up to a new form of user, that can even be "nonhuman" (see for instance the case of the autonomous vehicle). Drawing hints and visions from philosophical dissertations, technical and marketing news, white papers and academic research, this article scans the automotive field and more in general mobility and smart cities, going up the six interconnected layers of The Stack (Earth – Cloud – City – Address – Interface – User). In this frame, pushed towards a future sometimes utopian, dystopian scenarios also arise. Furthermore, vulnerabilities give place to that special kind of user that normally is called "hacker", but in the context of The Stack we call the "Anti-User", the category of users that we introduce.
“堆栈”是美国数字哲学家本杰明·h·布拉顿(Benjamin H. Bratton)在其同名的冗长文章中提出的世界愿景。它是一种抽象,描述了一种分层分类法,该分类法基于日益占主导地位的计算的普遍性和普遍性。尽管“堆栈”与其说是一个工程模型,不如说是一个哲学抽象,但它对于整体理解一个特定的技术领域是非常有用的。由于汽车是越来越多的计算对象,高速车轮上的计算平台,有趣的是这样一个视觉应用于汽车领域,从其生根的行星吸引精力充沛和矿产资源,通过集成的云服务,由平台,和车辆的“自主化”,一种新形式的用户,甚至可以“非人”(见例如自主车辆的情况下)。本文从哲学论文、技术和营销新闻、白皮书和学术研究中获得提示和愿景,扫描了汽车领域以及更广泛的移动和智慧城市,并从六个相互关联的堆栈层(地球-云-城市-地址-界面-用户)向上延伸。在这个框架下,被推向一个有时是乌托邦的未来,反乌托邦的场景也出现了。此外,漏洞让位于通常被称为“黑客”的特殊类型的用户,但在Stack的上下文中,我们称之为“反用户”,这是我们介绍的用户类别。
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引用次数: 0
Differentiated Protection in 5G Vehicular Networks 5G车联网的差异化保护
Elisabetta Amato, F. Tonini, C. Raffaelli
Automotive applications need high reliability and service continuity to support self-driving and safety in smart city environments. Suitable allocation of network functions is studied and optimal solutions based on Integer Linear Programming methodology are found. Differentiated reliability concept is applied in the presence of two different 5G classes of service, namely eMBB and URLLC. Saving of processing and bandwidth resources is numerically evaluated by combining service-based shared and dedicated protection in a reference scenario. Scalability aspects of the approach are also discussed.
汽车应用需要高可靠性和服务连续性,以支持智能城市环境中的自动驾驶和安全。研究了网络功能的合理分配,并基于整数线性规划方法找到了最优解。在存在eMBB和URLLC两种不同5G业务的情况下,采用差异化可靠性概念。通过在参考场景中结合基于服务的共享保护和专用保护,对处理资源和带宽资源的节省进行数值评估。还讨论了该方法的可伸缩性方面。
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引用次数: 2
High Frequency Operation of SuperJunction MOSFET enhanced with Kelvin Source Pin 开尔文源引脚增强的超结MOSFET高频工作
M. Cacciato, S. Rizzo, G. Scarcella, G. Scelba, M. Rizzo, Domenico Nardo, R. Scollo, Alfio Scuto, G. Sorrentino
In this work a comparison between 3-pin and 4-pin superjunction (SJ) MOSFET is performed. Firstly, the advantages of the 4-pin packaging solution are pointed out by means of analytical expressions and simulations. Then, a standard 3-pin MOSFET has been experimentally compared with the Kelvin package configuration counterpart both integrated in an on board battery charger. The experimental results allowed quantifying the performance improvement of the four terminal package in terms of reduced switching energy losses and working temperature. These features enable the device to operate at higher switching frequency.
在这项工作中,比较了3引脚和4引脚超结(SJ) MOSFET。首先,通过解析表达式和仿真,指出了4针封装方案的优点。然后,将标准的3脚MOSFET与集成在车载电池充电器中的开尔文封装配置进行了实验比较。实验结果可以量化四端封装在降低开关能量损耗和工作温度方面的性能改进。这些特性使器件能够在更高的开关频率下工作。
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引用次数: 2
Switching Capacitors Transformerless Bidirectional DC-DC Converter 开关电容器无变压器双向DC-DC变换器
C. Puccio, F. Pellitteri, M. Caruso, R. Miceli
This paper presents an innovative converter topology that better connects the needs of the battery pack and the electric motor towards the validation of an eco-sustainable electric mobility model. More in particular, the components of the proposed converter change their connection state during both the charging and discharging time of the battery, leading to a higher performance with respect to traditional step-down or step-up converters. The simulations carried out by means of the PLECS® environment have demonstrated the early feasibility of the proposed system.
本文提出了一种创新的转换器拓扑结构,可以更好地连接电池组和电动机的需求,从而验证生态可持续的电动交通模型。更具体地说,所提出的变换器的组件在电池充电和放电期间改变其连接状态,导致相对于传统降压或升压变换器更高的性能。通过PLECS®环境进行的仿真证明了所提出系统的早期可行性。
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引用次数: 0
An I2V communication network for driver assistance in public transport 辅助驾驶的I2V通讯网络
M. Bersani, Guanqi Ding, S. Mentasti, S. Arrigoni, M. Vignati, E. Sabbioni, D. Tarsitano, F. Cheli
During the last decade, Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) have been implemented on public transport vehicles to ensure the driver collision and lane departure warnings. Due to the high complexity of public roads, these systems are usually based on sensors installed on the vehicle itself, which ensures lines or obstacles recognition, providing warnings directly to the driver. Nevertheless, it is well established that information about the surroundings can be provided directly by the infrastructure. This paper presents the case study of an I2V communication network, whose target is to inform the driver about the number of people waiting at the bus shelter, and about an approaching vehicle in a blind intersection. Detections are guaranteed by cameras installed in strategical points, while communication to the bus is ensured through 4G.
在过去的十年中,先进驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)已经在公共交通车辆上实施,以确保驾驶员碰撞和车道偏离警告。由于公共道路的高度复杂性,这些系统通常基于安装在车辆本身的传感器,以确保识别线路或障碍物,并直接向驾驶员提供警告。然而,众所周知,有关周围环境的信息可以直接由基础设施提供。本文介绍了一个I2V通信网络的案例研究,该网络的目标是通知驾驶员在公交候车亭等待的人数,以及在盲十字路口有车辆驶来。安装在战略要地的摄像头保证检测,同时通过4G确保与总线的通信。
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引用次数: 1
Data transmission in automotive applications and security/safety requirements 汽车应用中的数据传输和安全/安全要求
G. Cancellieri, Massimo Battaglioni
Radio communications have a fundamental importance for assuring data exchange between vehicles and from infrastructures to vehicles, or vice-versa. With reference to assisted driving and even completely autonomous driving, such communications must satisfy very high degree of security, with the goal of assuring also the safety of drivers and passengers. Two frameworks are expected to provide a support for secure data transmissions: 5G technology and wireless V2X protocols. Interoperability between them and a proper interface with automotive buses are recommended, in order to reach the best performance and to decrease the costs. In this respect, an efficient use of channel coding can guarantee error correction, i.e., reliable communication, and also strong resilience against cyber attacks.
无线电通信对于确保车辆之间和从基础设施到车辆之间的数据交换具有根本的重要性,反之亦然。对于辅助驾驶甚至完全自动驾驶来说,这种通信必须满足非常高的安全性,同时也要确保驾驶员和乘客的安全。预计两种框架将为安全数据传输提供支持:5G技术和无线V2X协议。建议它们之间的互操作性以及与汽车总线的适当接口,以达到最佳性能并降低成本。在这方面,有效地利用信道编码可以保证纠错,即可靠的通信,并且具有很强的抵御网络攻击的能力。
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引用次数: 3
From T-CAD simulations to large signal model for GaN RF device 从T-CAD模拟到GaN射频器件的大信号模型
V. Cerantonio, M. Giuffrida, C. Miccoli, A. Chini, F. Iucolano
The large-signal RF power performance of an AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) is studied starting from technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations in terms of DC characteristic and S parameters. A clear procedure of physical parameters calibration is described. Trapping effects and GaN mobility model are included. Good agreement between simulations and measurements is reported, giving a meaningful starting point for the large signal model with the aim to optimize the efficiency of GaN HEMTs. The large signal model extracted is crucial to predict the device performance and give an essential contribution for the device maturity at industrial level.
从技术计算机辅助设计(TCAD)仿真出发,从直流特性和S参数两个方面研究了AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)的大信号射频功率性能。描述了一个明确的物理参数校准过程。包括捕获效应和氮化镓迁移模型。仿真结果与实测结果吻合良好,为优化GaN hemt效率的大信号模型提供了一个有意义的起点。提取的大信号模型对于预测器件性能至关重要,并对工业级器件的成熟度做出重要贡献。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2020 AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE)
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