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Capital structure, profitability and risk: a study of small companies in the industrial sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan 资本结构、盈利能力和风险:对哈萨克斯坦共和国工业部门小型企业的研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-159-171
S. Kokeyeva, A. Adambekova
   The purpose of the study: Determining the impact of the capital structure on small companies’ performance operating in the field of industry in Kazakhstan.   The problem statement. The question to be analyzed in this study is: does the capital structure aff ect the performance of small Kazakhstani companies operating in the industrial sector?   Methodology: In this study, we use data from 30 small industry companies in Kazakhstan based on annual reports for 2012-2022. The total debt ratio is the dependent variable used in this study. Profi tability, business risk, tax efficiency and age of the company were taken as independent variables. Statistics, correlation and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data.   Originality/value of the study: The results showed that borrowed capital is subject to factors of profi tability, tax burden, and business risk. There was no signifi cant impact of the age of the company on the borrowed capital.   Relevance: This study complements the literature on capital structure factors in developing countries and the financial condition of small industrial enterprises. This research will be aimed at exploring the potential use of borrowed capital to increase the profi tability of the company to reduce business risks.
研究目的确定资本结构对哈萨克斯坦工业领域小型公司业绩的影响。 问题陈述。本研究要分析的问题是:资本结构是否影响哈萨克斯坦工业领域小型公司的业绩? 研究方法:在本研究中,我们使用了哈萨克斯坦 30 家小型工业公司 2012-2022 年的年度报告数据。总负债率是本研究使用的因变量。盈利能力、商业风险、税收效率和公司年龄被视为自变量。数据分析采用了统计、相关和多元回归等方法。 研究的原创性/价值:研究结果表明,借贷资本受盈利能力、税负和经营风险等因素的影响。公司年龄对借贷资本没有显著影响。 相关性:本研究补充了有关发展中国家资本结构因素和小型工业企业财务状况的文献。本研究旨在探索借贷资本的潜在用途,以提高公司的盈利能力,降低经营风险。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic management of alumni associations: a stakeholder approach for optimal efficiency 校友会的战略管理:利益相关者提高效率的方法
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-131-146
K. Ibrashev, A. Jumasseitova, E. S. Smolyakova
   The purpose of the study is to explore the role of university alumni associations in aligning with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) articulated by the United Nations, emphasizing the criteria that defi ne a sustainable alumni association and their impact on university operations and broader economic and management practices.   Methodology. Emphasis is placed on elucidating criteria that characterize a sustainable alumni association. This is complemented by a comprehensive analysis utilizing qualitative research methodologies, including indepth interviews and expert assessments.   Originality / value of the research lies in its focus on the intersection of university alumni associations and sustainable development goals, an area that has received limited attention in academic discourse.   Findings. The derived conclusions are rigorously substantiated through mathematical computations, culminating in actionable recommendations aimed at fortifying the future endeavors of alumni associations. The study is contextualized within the framework of a university in Kazakhstan, off ering practical insights and implications for economic and management practices in the contemporary academic landscape.
本研究的目的是探讨大学校友会在与联合国阐述的可持续发展目标(SDGs)保持一致方面的作用,强调界定可持续校友会的标准及其对大学运营和更广泛的经济与管理实践的影响。 方法。重点是阐明可持续校友会的特征标准。此外,还利用定性研究方法(包括深入访谈和专家评估)进行了全面分析。 研究的独创性/价值在于其重点关注大学校友会与可持续发展目标的交叉点,而这一领域在学术讨论中受到的关注有限。 研究结果。通过数学计算严格证实了得出的结论,并最终提出了旨在加强校友会未来努力的可行建议。本研究以哈萨克斯坦的一所大学为背景,为当代学术界的经济和管理实践提供了实用的见解和启示。
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引用次数: 0
International practice of the bonus-malus system 奖金--津贴制度的国际惯例
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-147-159
A. O. Bazarbayev, B. K. Kupeshova, B. J. Akpanbetova
   Purpose of the research – evaluation of the eff ectiveness of the "bonus-malus" in the class of compulsory insurance of civil liability of vehicle owners and the identification of the conceptual foundations of compulsory insurance of civil liability inherent in the experience of foreign countries, as well as the development of proposals to improve the rules of this insurance.   Methodology – the methodological basis of the research was the works and publications of foreign economic scientists, a set of general scientifi c and private methods of scientific cognition (analytical, systematic method, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.).   Originality / value – in order to ensure a balance with favorable values of compulsory civil liability insurance, methodological approaches to the modernization of the bonus-malus system are provided and determined by the expediency and possibility of use in the insurance market of kazakhstan.   Findings – it provides for the use of optimal ways of differentiating insurance tariff s by domestic insurance companies, taking into account the degree of risk and interests of policyholders of various categories, and maintaining the availability of tariffs for a wide range of consumers of insurance services.
研究目的--评估车主民事责任强制保险中 "奖金-差额 "的有效性,确定外国经验中民事责任强制保险的固有概念基础,并提出改进该保险规则的建议。 方法论--研究的方法论基础是外国经济学家的著作和出版物、一套科学认知的一般科学方法和私人方法(分析法、系统法、分析法、综合法、比较法等)。 独创性/价值--为了确保与强制性民事责任保险的有利价值相平衡,提供了实现奖金-赔偿金制度现代化的方法论,并根据在哈萨克斯坦保险市场使用的便利性和可能性加以确定。 研究结果--考虑到各类投保人的风险程度和利益,规定国内保险公司采用最佳方式区分保险费率,并保持保险服务消费者的广泛性。
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引用次数: 0
Gender barriers to career growth and support programs for women managers 职业发展的性别障碍和女性管理人员支持计划
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-116-131
Zh. A. Lyan, G. K. Nietalina, G. J. Tayauova
   In the modern world, where equality and justice are the key principles of social development, the issue of gender equality in the workplace is becoming particularly relevant. This article analyzes the gender barriers that women face in the process of career growth and examines effective support programs aimed at strengthening their positions in leadership roles.   Purpose of the research – analyze gender barriers to leadership positions and evaluate the eff ectiveness of support programs for women leaders.   Methodology – use of such methods of analysis as comparison, collation, systematization and statistical analysis.   Originality / value – manifested in an integrated approach to the problem of gender inequality in career growth, which takes into account both structural and institutional, as well as individual and socio-cultural aspects.   Findings – consist in the formulation of specifi c strategies and recommendations for organizations and government agencies to eliminate gender barriers in career growth. This includes the development of effective mentoring and sponsorship programs, the creation of educational and training programs, as well as the introduction of changes in corporate culture to reduce gender bias and stereotypes. The recommendations presented in the article can be used to shape gender equality policies and create a more equitable and inclusive work environment in various organizations and industries.
当今世界,平等和公正是社会发展的重要原则,工作场所的性别平等问题也变得尤为重要。本文分析了女性在职业发展过程中面临的性别障碍,并研究了旨在加强女性领导职位的有效支持计划。 研究目的--分析担任领导职务的性别障碍,评估针对女性领导的支持计划的有效性。 方法--使用比较、整理、系统化和统计分析等分析方法。 独创性/价值--体现在以综合方法解决职业发展中的性别不平等问题,既考虑到结构和 制度方面,也考虑到个人和社会文化方面。 研究结果--包括为各组织和政府机构制定消除职业发展中的性别障碍的具体战略和建 议。这包括制定有效的指导和赞助计划,创建教育和培训计划,以及引入企业文化变革以减少性别偏见和陈规定型观念。文章中提出的建议可用于制定性别平等政策,为各组织和行业创造更加公平和包容的工作环境。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of China’s direct investment on energy industry development in Kazakhstan 中国直接投资对哈萨克斯坦能源产业发展的影响
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-77-89
G. Tumatay, J. Gu, U. Zhantore
   The purpose of the research is to study the impact of China’s direct investment on Kazakhstan's Energy industry, it enables them to fi gure out what type of Energy sources need more investment, and the demand level on the Energy services, which require for investigating the feasibility behind investing in Energy industry in Kazakhstan.   Research methodology - a regression model of the impact of China’s direct investment on Kazakhstan's Energy industry is established to study the impact of Chinese direct investment on Kazakhstan's Energy industry from four variables: net foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan's GDP, China's direct investment in Kazakhstan, and China's direct investment in Kazakhstan's Energy industry.   Original / value of the research – China's direct investment in Kazakhstan's Energy industry, compared with other factors, can have a more important impact on Kazakhstan's Energy industry, so Kazakhstan can through cooperation with foreign capital, especially China’s capital, the establishment of joint ventures, to improve the current situation in Kazakhstan's Energy industry bad development.   Findings. The results show that the impact of net FDI in Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan's GDP, China's direct investment in Kazakhstan, and China's direct investment in Kazakhstan's Energy industry on Kazakhstan's Energy development is signifi cant and positively related.
本研究的目的是研究中国直接投资对哈萨克斯坦能源产业的影响,使他们能够确定哪些类型的能源需要更多的投资,以及对能源服务的需求水平,这就需要调查在哈萨克斯坦投资能源产业的可行性。 研究方法--建立中国直接投资对哈萨克斯坦能源产业影响的回归模型,从四个变量研究中国直接投资对哈萨克斯坦能源产业的影响:哈萨克斯坦外国直接投资净额、哈萨克斯坦国内生产总值、中国在哈萨克斯坦的直接投资、中国在哈萨克斯坦能源产业的直接投资。 研究的原创性/价值--中国对哈萨克斯坦能源产业的直接投资与其他因素相比,能够对哈萨克斯坦能源产业产生更为重要的影响,因此哈萨克斯坦可以通过与外国资本尤其是中国资本合作,建立合资企业,改善哈萨克斯坦能源产业不良发展的现状。 研究结果。结果表明,哈萨克斯坦外国直接投资净额、哈萨克斯坦国内生产总值、中国在哈萨克斯坦的直接投资、中国在哈萨克斯坦能源产业的直接投资对哈萨克斯坦能源发展的影响是显著正相关的。
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引用次数: 0
Current state and analysis of the demographic situation of the Republic of Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦共和国人口现状及分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-44-58
D. Turekulova, G. I. Kobenova, I. Ryumkina
   This article examines the current demographic situation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the quality of human potential and the increase in the effi ciency of human resources.   Purpose of the research. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the current demographic situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan, highlight the country's leading trends and challenges, and off er recommendations for improving demographic policies and practices.   Methodology. The research methods are economic-statistical and correlation-regression analyses. The article also uses general methods of understanding reality: generalisations, comparisons, and descriptions.   Originality / value of the research. The authors analysed the statistical data of the population of Kazakhstan for the period from 2012 to 2023 in the context of structural changes and geographical conditions. Authors also conducted a comparative analysis of natural growth in individual countries and the Republic of Kazakhstan.   Findings. The critical factors of fertility and natural population growth have been identified. Attention is paid to the country's changing demographic profi le in connection with economic, social, and political transformations. A list of legal acts determining the country's demographic policy today is presented. Acorrelation and regression analysis of factors such as gdp per capita and the average amount of assigned state social benefi ts was carried out. The authors also present a diagram that forms the environment for family planning and population reproduction. This scheme consists of elements that determine the process of natural reproduction in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Conclusions and practical recommendations based on the study results are presented, and further directions for an in-depth study of this topic are outlined. The article also emphasises the need for an integrated approach to implementing demographic policy in the country.
本文从人的潜力质量和提高人力资源效率的角度研究了哈萨克斯坦共和国的人口现状。 研究目的本研究旨在全面分析哈萨克斯坦共和国当前的人口状况,强调该国的主要趋势和挑战,并提出改进人口政策和做法的建议。 研究方法。研究方法是经济统计分析和相关回归分析。文章还使用了理解现实的一般方法:概括、比较和描述。 研究的原创性/价值。作者分析了 2012 年至 2023 年期间哈萨克斯坦在结构变化和地理条件方面的人口统计数据。作者还对各个国家和哈萨克斯坦共和国的自然增长情况进行了比较分析。 研究结果确定了生育率和人口自然增长的关键因素。在经济、社会和政治变革的背景下,对国家人口状况的变化给予了关注。介绍了决定当今国家人口政策的一系列法案。对人均国民生产总值和国家社会福利平均分配额等因素进行了相关性和回归分析。作者还提出了一个构成计划生育和人口再生产环境的图表。该方案由决定哈萨克斯坦共和国自然生育过程的要素组成。根据研究结果提出了结论和切实可行的建议,并概述了深入研究这一主题的进一步方向。文章还强调,需要采取综合办法在国内实施人口政策。
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引用次数: 0
Individual income tax in the context of achieving social justice 实现社会公正背景下的个人所得税
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-32-44
R. K. Berstembayeva, Y. Yeraliyeva
   Purpose of the research is to assess the current practice of individual income tax, to justify the need to replace the proportional rate with a progressive scale.   Methodology – the theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of a systematic approach and methods of comparative, quantitative and qualitative analysis and economic and statistical data processing.   Originality / value of the research – a feature of the study is the scientifi c justification of the expediency of introducing a progressive scale for individual income tax, the development of an author's scale of rates based on economic and mathematical calculations.   The results of the research show that the current practice of calculating individual income tax in the republic requires adjustments and the introduction of a progressive scale replacing the current single rate of 10 %. The introduction of a progressive scale will contribute to reducing social risks, leveling social inequality and increasing tax revenues to the budget.
研究的目的是评估个人所得税的现行做法,证明用累进税率取代比例税率的必要性。 研究方法--研究的理论和方法基础是系统方法原则和比较、定量和定性分析方法以及经 济和统计数据处理方法。 研究的独创性/价值--本研究的一个特点是对引入个人所得税累进税率表的适宜性进行了科 学论证,并在经济和数学计算的基础上制定了作者的税率表。 研究结果表明,需要对共和国现行的个人所得税计算方法进行调整,并引入累进税率表来取代现行的 10%单一税率。引入累进税率将有助于降低社会风险、消除社会不平等和增加预算税收。
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引用次数: 0
Gender segregation in the labor market in Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦劳动力市场的性别隔离
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-102-115
M. Mekebayeva, S. Boltayeva
   The purpose of the research is to conduct a literary review of studies related to the gender division in the economy and occupational segregation in labor relations, to identify the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market and to assess the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan.   The article reflects the main problems of the formation and development of the gender economy, including the methodology of gender segregation in the labor market. The main theoretical concepts of gender economics used in the research of foreign and modern Kazakh economists are identifi ed.   Methodology – methods of historical analysis, factological (statistical) analysis and forecasting.   Originality / value of the research is to identify the problems of modern gender segregation in the labor market of Kazakhstan through a review of research related to gender inequality in the labor market.   Findings – a review of the literature showed that there are diff erent concepts of gender segregation in the labor market. Most of the research is aimed at solving applied problems of the gender economy of Kazakhstan, in addition, methodological tools developed by foreign economists are not adapted to the study of Kazakh reality. Most of the studies on gender discrimination in the labor market, especially in Kazakhstan, are of a practical nature. In addition, the interest of many authors in this problem manifests itself sporadically, that is, they do not present the results of systematic research.
研究的目的是对与经济中的性别分工和劳动关系中的职业隔离有关的研究进行文学评论,确定劳动力市场中性别差距的决定因素,评估哈萨克斯坦对妇女的歧视程度。 文章反映了性别经济形成和发展的主要问题,包括劳动力市场性别隔离的方法。确定了外国和现代哈萨克斯坦经济学家研究中使用的性别经济学主要理论概念。 方法--历史分析、事实(统计)分析和预测方法。 研究的独创性/价值在于通过对劳动力市场性别不平等相关研究的回顾,确定哈萨克斯坦劳动力市场中的现代性别隔离问题。 研究结果--文献综述表明,劳动力市场中存在不同的性别隔离概念。大多数研究旨在解决哈萨克斯坦性别经济的应用问题,此外,外国经济学家开发的方法工具并不适合哈萨克斯坦的现实研究。关于劳动力市场(尤其是哈萨克斯坦)性别歧视的研究大多具有实用性。此外,许多作者对这一问题的兴趣表现为零星的,也就是说,他们没有提出系统的研究成果。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the current state and forecasts of the development of the residential real estate market of the Republic of Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦共和国住宅房地产市场发展现状分析和预测
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-59-76
M. Sikhimbayev, G. N. Srailova, A. A. Flek
   Purpose of the study – describe the state of the Kazakhstan residential real estate market, identify the features and trends of its development.   The authors of the study pay special attention to the analysis of the main indicators characterizing the residential real estate market, as well as the processes taking place in the mortgage lending market.   Methodology – the study was conducted using methods of economic and statistical analysis, graphic method, method of description and generalization. The research sources were offi cial statistical materials of the National Bank of Kazakhstan, analytical reviews of consulting companies and fi nancial organizations, the «Krisha.kz» real estate platform and the «Kn.kz» real estate information portal, scientifi c research by Kazakh and foreign authors, as well as materials of scientifi c and practical conferences.   Originality / value of the study – the authors carried out a detailed analysis of the state and problems of the residential real estate market of the Republic of Kazakhstan in recent years and gave forecasts for its future development.   Findings. According to the results of research and analysis of the current state of the Kazakh residential real estate market in recent years, the authors identifi ed problems and identifi ed current trends in the development of the housing market, as well as forecasts of its future development. The results of the scientifi c article can be useful for real estate agencies, industry experts, as well as the scientifi c community involved in studying the real estate market.
研究目的--描述哈萨克斯坦住宅房地产市场状况,确定其发展特点和趋势。 研究报告的作者特别关注住宅房地产市场主要特征指标的分析,以及抵押贷款市场的发展进程。 研究方法--采用经济和统计分析方法、图形方法、描述和概括方法进行研究。研究资料来源包括哈萨克斯坦国家银行的官方统计资料、咨询公司和金融组织的分析评论、"Krisha.kz "房地产平台和 "Kn.kz "房地产信息门户网站、哈萨克斯坦和外国作者的科学研究以及科学和实践会议资料。 研究的原创性/价值--作者对哈萨克斯坦共和国住宅房地产市场近年来的状况和问题进行了详细分析,并对其未来发展做出了预测。 研究结果根据对近年来哈萨克斯坦住宅房地产市场现状的研究和分析结果,作者确定了住房市场发展中存在的问题和当前趋势,并对其未来发展做出了预测。这篇科学文章的成果对房地产机构、行业专家以及参与研究房地产市场的科学界都很有用。
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引用次数: 0
«Digital nomads» in the modern labor market "现代劳动力市场中的 "数字游民
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-89-101
Z. Rakhmetulina, A. O. Suleimenova, T. Abylaikhanova
   The purpose of the research: Analyze the economic situation of digital nomads, their infl uence on the labor market, taking into account that they differ in dynamism of geographic mobility. To study the problems of non-traditional employment in the context of digitalization of the economy.   Methodology: The paper uses a comparative analysis between digital nomads, freelancers and self-employed citizens, which showed that they form overlapping sets with such common feature as remote non-standard employment. Study of digital nomads involves the use of a non-ethnographic approach, including methods such as online immersive interaction, content analysis of websites, forums, blogs, etc.   Originality/value of the research: Despite many publications, there are still a number of diffi culties in studying the phenomenon of digital nomads. The article discusses defi nition of digital nomads, their essential characteristics, differences from self-employed citizens and freelancers. The article proves an important role of digital nomads in the modern labor market, who provide information, technological, managerial support, and various types of services.   Findings: Increase in level of the population mobility stimulated emergence of a new form of employment on the labor market. Digital nomads are distinguished by a high level of education and professional training; considerable freedom in choosing the production sphere and provision of services in the fi eld of intangible production. In post-covid conditions, digital nomads can contribute to replacement of lost workers.
研究目的分析数字游民的经济状况及其对劳动力市场的影响,同时考虑到他们在地域流动性方面的动态差异。研究经济数字化背景下的非传统就业问题。 研究方法:本文对数字游民、自由职业者和自雇公民进行了比较分析,结果表明他们形成了具有远程非标准就业等共同特征的重叠群体。对数字游民的研究采用了非人种学方法,包括在线沉浸式互动、网站内容分析、论坛、博客等方法。 研究的原创性/价值:尽管发表了许多文章,但在研究数字游民现象方面仍存在许多困难。文章讨论了数字游民的定义、基本特征、与自雇公民和自由职业者的区别。文章证明了数字游民在现代劳动力市场中的重要作用,他们提供信息、技术、管理支持和各类服务。 研究结果人口流动水平的提高刺激了劳动力市场新就业形式的出现。数字游民的特点是受过高等教育和专业培训;在选择生产领域和提供无形生产领域的服务方面有相当大的自由度。在后科维德时代,数字游民可以帮助替代流失的工人。
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引用次数: 0
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