Journal of Veterinary Dentistry最新文献

Rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm of primitive mesenchymal cells that have the potential to differentiate into skeletal muscle. Case selection required positive expression of both vimentin and desmin, confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and negative expression of cytokeratin. In this study of 34 young dogs, the average age at time of diagnosis was 16.5 months. The majority of tumors were located in the maxilla (n = 26, 76%), whereas a smaller subset (n = 4, 11%) occurred solely within the mandible. One (2.9%) involved the caudal mandible and maxilla, 1 of 34 (2.9%) involved the maxilla and palate, and 2 of 34 (5.8%) exclusively involved the soft palate. Of the maxillary tumors, 16 (59.2%) involved the nasal cavity. Thirty-one (91%) presented to their primary care veterinarian for acute facial swelling, with 17 (50%) cases also reporting concerns for ocular disease. Radiographically, 29 (87.8%) showed evidence of cortical lysis and loss of lamina dura surrounding the roots of teeth associated with the tumors. Histologically, neoplastic cells were small, round to spindle, and rarely had morphological features of myofiber differentiation. Radiographic findings consistent with metastasis to the lungs and/or lymph nodes were reported in 5 cases via thoracic imaging. Regional lymphadenopathy was identified in 19 (55%) cases, with metastasis cytologically confirmed in 2 patients. All 30 (100%) patients with follow-up data were euthanized due to progression of local or metastatic disease. The mean survival time was 59 days. Canine oral rhabdomyosarcomas are aggressive neoplasms that occur in young dogs and carry a poor prognosis.

Oronasal fistula formation, associated with maxillary canine teeth, is a frequent sequela to untreated periodontal disease, and extraction has traditionally been regarded as the primary treatment. A 10-year-old spayed female miniature Dachshund was presented with an oronasal fistula involving the left maxillary canine tooth. After initial non-surgical management with minimally invasive non-surgical technique (MINST) failed to resolve the periodontal pocket and fistula, microscope-assisted periodontal regenerative therapy combined with an Er:YAG laser was performed. The treatment achieved complete closure of the fistula together with reduction of the periodontal pocket. Cone beam computed tomography at 8 months post-surgery confirmed new bone formation. This case demonstrates that the integration of microsurgical visualization and Er:YAG laser therapy can enable preservation of maxillary canine teeth with oronasal fistula, providing a minimally invasive alternative to extraction.

This study evaluated the accuracy, consistency, and clinical appropriateness of responses generated by large language models (LLMs) to frequently asked questions (FAQs) in veterinary dentistry client communication. Six common FAQs were identified based on guidance from the American Veterinary Dental College (AVDC) and submitted under standardized conditions to multiple LLMs, including ChatGPT-5, Gemini 2.5 Flash, Claude Sonnet 4.5, Perplexity, Qwen3-Max, and DeepSeek. Artificial intelligence (AI) generated responses were compared with expert-reviewed reference answers prepared by 2 veterinarians with academic and clinical experience in small animal dentistry. Responses were independently evaluated by 2 expert and 2 novice assessors across 4 domains: main idea coverage, information quality, consistency with expert content, and presence of inconsistencies using a 3-point Likert scale (Yes, Neutral, No). Inter-rater agreement between expert evaluators was assessed using Cohen's kappa, and between-model comparisons were performed using McNemar's exact test after dichotomization of ratings. Inter-rater agreement was substantial (κ = 0.68). ChatGPT-5 showed the highest alignment with expert-reviewed reference content, followed by Claude Sonnet 4.5. Differences between expert and novice evaluations were most evident for questions related to anesthesia safety and anesthesia-free dental procedures. Clinically relevant inaccuracies were identified across several models, particularly regarding the requirement for general anesthesia with a protected airway. No statistically significant differences were detected between primary model comparisons (P = 1.00). These findings indicate that LLMs may support client education in veterinary dentistry but require expert oversight to ensure clinical accuracy and patient safety.

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the incidence and potential consequences of retained deciduous tooth root remnants in canine patients who were presented at a referral clinic between 2013 and 2023. Among the 5432 medical records reviewed, 237 retained root remnants of deciduous teeth were identified radiographically in 143 patients. The identified root remnants were most commonly associated with the left (604) (39.2%) and right (504) (33.7%) deciduous maxillary canine teeth. The areas surrounding the retained root remnants were evaluated for radiographic changes. Direct problems associated with deciduous root remnants were observed in 117 dogs (81.8%). The most common finding was periapical radiolucency in 63 dogs (44.1%), and root resorption and ankylosis in 54 dogs (37.8%). Additional abnormalities included dental malocclusion, which affected the corresponding permanent dentition. Yorkshire Terriers were overrepresented, comprising 41.2% of the affected patients. This study emphasizes that retained deciduous root remnants do not undergo resorption and may develop clinical complications. Additionally, the importance of routine full-mouth radiography in dogs has been highlighted for the identification of such abnormalities.

Periodontal disease results from bacterial biofilm formation on teeth and surrounding tissues, being highly prevalent in adult dogs. Given bacterial resistance, natural and innovative alternatives are sought for treatment of periodontal disease. In this context, the flavonoid quercetin shows promise due to its antimicrobial and soft tissue regenerative properties. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of oral bacteria strains to quercetin, develop a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and polymeric film containing the flavonoid, and perform physicochemical characterization, residence time analysis, and in vitro release of the formulations. Microbiological assays demonstrated quercetin's effectiveness against sensitive and resistant strains. The pH of the formulations was maintained between 6.5 and 7.5, ensuring biocompatibility during application. The hydrogel and film content were 98.2% and 97%, respectively, with residence times exceeding 5 h. The hydrogel exhibited zero-order kinetics, while the polymeric film showed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Morphological analyses revealed pores in the films with quercetin, and structural analyses showed no alteration in quercetin's structure. The results indicate that the developed formulations have innovative prophylactic potential for canine periodontal disease.

A neuroma is a tangled, circumscribed, non-neoplastic mass of neuronal tissue formed after axonal injury and consists of a mixture of fibroblasts, Schwann cells and axons. Traumatic neuroma is the most commonly recognized neuroma lesion in humans and can occur at any site in the body where a nerve is traumatized. A 15-year-old female Miniature Pinscher was presented with periodontal disease. A lump on the right side of the face was found, corresponding to a solitary cylindrical mass on the mucosal surface of the lower lip. Dental radiographs showed no lysis of the mandibular bone. After an inconclusive cytological examination, the mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and routinely stained for light microscopy. Macroscopically, a whitish, firm, filiform mass measuring 2.5 × 0.5 × 0.3 cm was found. Microscopically, the mass was poorly defined and consisted of spindle-shaped cells forming bands, bundles, and sometimes coiled structures, resembling nerves, surrounded by fibrosis. The cells were monomorphic, but an area of increased cellularity and nuclear atypia was observed. Mitotic figures, Verocay bodies, or Antoni A and B patterns were not found. The mass was surrounded by oral epithelium, mucinous glands, and skeletal muscle. There is much confusion in veterinary medicine regarding the nomenclature of peripheral nerve sheath tumors, that is, schwannomas, neurofibromas, perineuromas, traumatic neuroma, and malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath. This lesion had histological features consistent with a neuroma, an unusual entity in the canine oral cavity.

Diagnosis of canine periodontal disease relies on clinical and radiographic evaluation including the simplified bisecting angle (SBA) technique. However, difficulty in visualizing the alveolar bone margin and misinterpreting its distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) diminishes its usefulness. The objective of the study was to compare a new radiographic view, the modified interproximal (MIP) technique, to the SBA technique for the detection of bony defects and furcation involvement in a canine experimental model of periodontal disease of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth (PM4). The authors hypothesized that the MIP technique would detect milder bony defects and furcation exposure compared to the SBA technique. Eleven large breed dog cadavers with mesaticephalic or dolichocephalic skull conformation and without periodontal disease were used. Dental radiography with SBA and MIP techniques was acquired prior to and after creating a horizontal pattern of bony defects, centered on PM4 in 12.5% increments, from 0% to 50% bone loss. The level of the bone margin and furcation exposure was evaluated. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was substantial. Observers systematically underestimated the distance between the CEJ and the bone margin with both radiographic techniques. MIP technique performed better overall than SBA technique (accuracy and sensitivity were significantly improved). These results show that MIP technique is more accurate than SBA in the evaluation of mild bony defects and furcation lesions associated with PM4. Adding a MIP view of PM4 to the canine full-mouth survey may improve detection of bone loss and furcation involvement.

Impaction of equine permanent cheek teeth is most commonly reported in the mandible, whereas maxillary involvement is rare. This report describes an uncommon presentation of congenital impaction of 3 successive maxillary molar teeth in a 4-year-old mare. Computed tomography revealed complex spatial relationships between the impacted teeth, the sinus floor and adjacent structures, which were not fully appreciated on conventional radiography and were essential for surgical planning. Surgical extraction via a maxillary sinus bone flap permitted controlled sectioning and subsequent removal of all affected teeth. Histopathology of sinus floor bone samples demonstrated reactive osteosclerosis consistent with chronic pressure and/or sinus inflammation. Postoperative complications included development of an oromaxillary communication and secondary sinusitis following loss of the polysiloxane putty, which was managed with staged debridement and sinoscopic lavage. At long-term follow-up, satisfactory functional outcome and oral comfort were achieved despite loss of multiple maxillary cheek teeth.