Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

Histomorphometric Effects of Thymoquinone and High-Frequency Vibration on Bone Formation During Retention After Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Controlled Rat Study 百里醌和高频振动对腭快速扩张后保留期骨形成的组织形态学影响：一项对照大鼠研究。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70139

Özge Özdal Zincir, Aylin Paşaoğlu Bozkurt, Aslı Emincik

Objective

Relapse after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is associated with insufficient bone formation in the midpalatal suture during retention. This study evaluated the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and high-frequency vibration force (VF) on bone formation after RPE in a rat model.

Methods

24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8): control (RPE only), vibration (RPE + 111 Hz vibration) and TQ (RPE + TQ). RPE was performed for 5 days with a 50-g force followed by a 12-day retention period. VF was applied for 20 min/day during retention, while TQ was administered orogastrically at 10 mg/kg/day. Histomorphometric analysis included osteoblast, osteoclast, and capillary numbers, mineralized area, fibrous area, and osteocalcin immunoreactivity. Data were analysed using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05).

Results

Both VF and TQ groups showed significantly higher osteoblast counts than the control group (VF: 20.5 ± 3.56; TQ: 19.3 ± 2.80; control: 10.6 ± 2.16; p < 0.001). Capillary numbers were also higher in the VF (9.83 ± 2.78) and TQ groups (10.0 ± 2.82) than in the control group (3.50 ± 1.76) (p < 0.01). Mineralized area values were greater in the VF (41.06 ± 5.58) and TQ groups (38.35 ± 8.48) than in the control group (23.77 ± 3.37) (p < 0.001). Fibrous area values were lower in both experimental groups (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

TQ and high-frequency vibration enhanced bone formation and angiogenesis during retention after RPE. These approaches may represent adjunctive strategies to improve post-expansion bone remodelling, although further clinical studies are required.

目的：快速腭扩张（RPE）术后复发与中腭缝合留置期间骨形成不足有关。本研究评价了百里醌（TQ）和高频振动力（VF）对大鼠RPE术后骨形成的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠24只，随机分为对照组（仅RPE）、振动组（RPE + 111 Hz振动）和TQ组（RPE + TQ） 3组（n = 8）。RPE以50g的力进行5天，留置期12天。留置期间给予VF 20 min/天，TQ以10 mg/kg/天的剂量经胃给予。组织形态学分析包括成骨细胞、破骨细胞和毛细血管数量、矿化区、纤维区和骨钙素免疫反应性。数据分析采用方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis检验，并进行Bonferroni校正（α = 0.05）。结果：VF组和TQ组成骨细胞计数均显著高于对照组（VF: 20.5±3.56;TQ: 19.3±2.80；对照组：10.6±2.16;p）结论：TQ和高频振动可促进RPE术后保留期骨形成和血管生成。尽管需要进一步的临床研究，但这些方法可能代表了改善扩张后骨重塑的辅助策略。

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引用次数: 0

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Displacement and Rotational Centre in Adults Induced by Maxillary Skeletal Expander, Analysed With CBCT and Heuristic Search Algorithm 用CBCT和启发式搜索算法分析上颌骨扩张器对成人颧上颌复合位移和旋转中心的三维评价。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70135

Lingling Hu, Ning Chang, Zhijian Xie, Ziyuan Yang, Ting Kang, Haiping Lu, Yingjia Sun, Xuepeng Chen

Objective

To precisely identify the three-dimensional (3D) centre of rotation (CoR) of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) in patients undergoing rapid palatal expansion with a maxillary skeletal expander (MSE) using a heuristic search algorithm.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, 17 adult patients (mean age 24.0 ± 6.0 years) with maxillary constriction were treated with MSE. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired before treatment (T0) and after the active expansion phase (T1). A heuristic search algorithm was applied to 3D reconstructed models to iteratively compute the patient-specific CoR by minimising the error between predicted and actual displacements of 10 ZMC landmarks. A 95% 3D confidence ellipsoid analysis was performed to quantify the spatial distribution and variability of CoRs. Landmark displacements were statistically analysed using paired t-test.

Results

Significant lateral, anterior and inferior displacements were observed in all ZMC landmarks following MSE expansion. The algorithm identified the CoR for each side not as a fixed anatomical point but as a confined 3D region with individual variability. After standardisation, the CoR was consistently located biomechanically near the superior orbital fissure, approximately aligned with the orbital longitudinal axis in the coronal plane. The 95% confidence ellipsoid further confirmed the regional distribution and side-related differences in CoR variability.

Conclusions

During MSE expansion, the ZMC undergoes complex 3D rotational movement around a patient-specific yet spatially consistent biomechanical region near the superior orbital fissure. This updated understanding of midfacial biomechanics may support more personalised and mechanics-guided orthodontic treatment planning.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: MR-33-25-072630

目的：应用启发式搜索算法精确识别上颌骨扩张器（MSE）快速腭扩张患者颧腋复合体（ZMC）的三维旋转中心（CoR）。材料与方法：对17例上颌缩窄的成人患者（平均年龄24.0±6.0岁）进行MSE治疗。锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）在治疗前（T0）和活动扩张期（T1）后进行扫描。将启发式搜索算法应用于三维重建模型，通过最小化10个ZMC地标的预测位移与实际位移之间的误差，迭代计算患者特定的CoR。采用95%的三维置信度椭球分析量化CoRs的空间分布和变异性。地标位移采用配对t检验进行统计学分析。结果：在MSE扩张后，所有ZMC地标均观察到明显的外侧、前方和下方移位。该算法将每侧的CoR识别为具有个体可变性的受限三维区域，而不是固定的解剖点。标准化后，CoR在生物力学上一致位于眶上裂附近，大致与冠状面上的眶纵轴对齐。95%置信椭球进一步证实了CoR变异的区域分布和侧相关差异。结论：在MSE扩张过程中，ZMC在眶上裂附近的患者特异性生物力学区域周围发生复杂的三维旋转运动。这种对面中部生物力学的最新理解可能支持更个性化和机械引导的正畸治疗计划。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：MR-33-25-072630。

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引用次数: 0

MicroRNAs in Oral Bio-Fluids as Predictive Biomarkers of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review 口腔生物液中的microrna作为正畸牙齿运动的预测性生物标志物：系统综述。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70137

Nikita Mohelay, Puneet Batra, Aditya Talwar

This systematic review was designed to assess scientific evidence of the association of microRNA expression during orthodontic tooth movement through various time points. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. A search strategy was developed in electronic databases including Med Line, Scopus, EBSCO Host and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global until June 2025. Eligibility criteria included studies that investigated microRNA expression in saliva/GCF during orthodontic treatment. The risk of bias of the included studies was analysed using the QUADAS-2 and RoB-2 tools. The search retrieved 2800 records, of which nine studies were selected. Minor variations in GCF collection were noted, while stimulated saliva was collected in one study. RT-PCR and the Fluro meter accounted for the majority of miRNA estimation. Thirteen miRNAs were identified as target biomarkers for OTM regulation. Despite the high risk of bias, the evidence from the current systematic review indicates that microRNAs can be considered as potential biomarkers of orthodontic tooth movement in oral biofluids.

Trial Registration: Prospero ID-CRD420251153064

本系统综述旨在通过不同时间点评估正畸牙齿移动过程中microRNA表达相关性的科学证据。根据PRISMA检查表进行系统评价。到2025年6月，在Med Line， Scopus， EBSCO Host和ProQuest dissertation & Theses Global等电子数据库中制定了搜索策略。入选标准包括正畸治疗期间唾液/GCF中microRNA表达的研究。使用QUADAS-2和rob2工具分析纳入研究的偏倚风险。检索到2800条记录，从中选择了9项研究。在一项研究中，在收集刺激唾液时，注意到GCF收集的微小变化。RT-PCR和Fluro仪占miRNA估计的大部分。13个mirna被鉴定为OTM调控的靶生物标志物。尽管存在较高的偏倚风险，但当前系统综述的证据表明，microrna可以被认为是口腔生物液体中正畸牙齿运动的潜在生物标志物。试验注册：Prospero ID-CRD420251153064。

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引用次数: 0

Acute Effects on Masticatory Muscle Activity and Swallowing Following Increases in Occlusal Vertical Dimension Using Bite Blocks 使用咬合块增加咬合垂直尺寸对咀嚼肌活动和吞咽的急性影响。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70128

Ian Raby, Victor Rojas, Andres Celis, Rocío Aguirre, Felipe H. Palma, Manuel Carrasco

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate acute changes in tongue pressure and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles during swallowing with incremental increases in occlusal vertical dimension (OVD).

Material and Methods

This pilot experimental study included 22 healthy adults. Swallowing was assessed at the basal OVD and with incremental increases of 2, 4, and 6 mm using hard wax stops under two conditions: saliva swallowing (SS) and yogurt swallowing (YS). Tongue pressure was measured with a Flexiforce A-201 sensor, and EMG activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles was recorded using EMG Works 4.0.7 (Delsys, USA). Each participant performed three swallows per condition, and the average of the three trials was used for analysis. Comparisons between conditions were made using ordinary least squares linear regression, with a significance level of p < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

No significant differences in EMG activity were observed for the temporalis or masseter muscles across the different OVD conditions during SS (p > 0.05). Tongue pressure increased significantly between basal OVD and 4- and 6-mm OVDs during SS (p < 0.05) and between all OVDs during YS (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

A short-term increase in OVD up to 6 mm was not associated with statistically significant acute changes in EMG activity and produced only minor adaptive variations in tongue pressure. These findings indicate that no immediate neuromuscular disturbances were detected under the experimental conditions tested; however, given the pilot design, no conclusions can be drawn regarding long-term safety or equivalence.

Clinical Study Registration Number

CEC202030

目的：本研究旨在评估吞咽过程中咬肌和颞肌的舌压和肌电图（EMG）活动随咬合垂直尺寸（OVD）增加的急性变化。材料与方法：本初步实验研究纳入22名健康成人。在唾液吞咽（SS）和酸奶吞咽（YS）两种情况下，使用硬蜡停止在基础OVD和增量2,4和6mm的情况下评估吞咽。使用Flexiforce a -201传感器测量舌压，使用EMG Works 4.0.7 （Delsys， USA）记录咬肌和颞肌的肌电图活动。每个参与者在每种情况下进行三次吞咽，并使用三次试验的平均值进行分析。使用普通最小二乘线性回归进行条件间的比较，显著性水平为p。结果：在SS期间不同OVD条件下，颞肌和咬肌肌电图活动无显著差异（p < 0.05）。在SS期间，舌压在基础OVD和4、6毫米OVD之间显著增加(p)。结论：OVD短期增加至6毫米与肌电图活动的急性变化没有统计学意义上的显著关联，只产生舌压的轻微适应性变化。这些发现表明，在测试的实验条件下，没有立即检测到神经肌肉紊乱；然而，考虑到试点设计，无法得出关于长期安全性或等效性的结论。临床研究注册号：CEC202030。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing Maxillary Anterior Teeth Intrusion in Clear Aligner Therapy: A Finite Element Analysis of Attachment Efficacy 明确矫正器治疗中上颌前牙植入的优化：附着体效果的有限元分析。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70131

Chandani Shah, Puneet Batra, Nikhillesh Vaiid

<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>Maxillary anterior intrusion with clear aligner therapy remains biomechanically challenging and clinically unpredictable. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical response of anterior intrusion under different clear-aligner attachment configurations using a three-dimensional finite element model incorporating a quasi-dynamic canine anchorage system.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>A patient-derived finite element model of the maxillary dentition was reconstructed from CBCT data. A 0.75-mm polyurethane aligner and composite attachments were modelled across five attachment configurations: posterior attachments only (GP1), posterior with lateral incisor attachments (GP2), posterior with central and lateral incisor attachments (GP3), premolar attachments only (GP4), and a canine anchorage group (GP5). Displacement-controlled intrusion was simulated at five incremental levels (0.5–2.5 mm). Outcome measures included vertical tooth displacement, Von Mises stress distribution in teeth, periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone, attachment deformation, inclination changes, and anchorage-corrected biomechanical responses.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Intrusion displacement increased progressively with activation across all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001; partial <i>η</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.991). GP3 produced the greatest incisor displacement across increments (0.46–2.28 mm), closely followed by GP5 (0.44–2.21 mm). Attachment-deficient configurations (GP1 and GP4) showed significantly lower displacement (0.32–1.62 mm). Peak tooth Von Mises stress increased from approximately 146 MPa at 0.5 mm intrusion to 312 MPa at 2.5 mm intrusion, with GP3 demonstrating the highest stress transmission and GP5 showing slightly reduced but more evenly distributed stresses. PDL stress gradients increased linearly with intrusion depth (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.99), while attachment deformation and engagement efficiency were highest in GP3 and GP5. Anchorage-augmented mechanics in GP5 redistributed loading toward the canines, increasing the Anchorage Stability Index and reducing excessive incisor stress peaks.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Attachment configuration and anchorage control substantially influence biomechanical efficiency during aligner-mediated anterior intrusion. Comprehensive anterior attachments maximize force transmission, while physiologic canine anchorage enhances load distribution and biomechanical stability. These findings provide biomechanical guidance for optimizing aligner protocols in deep-bite correction.</p> </section>

目的：上颌前侵入清除对准器治疗仍然具有生物力学挑战性和临床不可预测性。本研究旨在利用三维有限元模型结合准动态犬支抗系统，评估不同清牙矫正器附着结构下前牙侵入的生物力学响应。方法：利用CBCT数据重建上颌牙列有限元模型。0.75 mm聚氨酯矫直器和复合附着体在五种附着体配置下建模：仅后牙附着体（GP1），后牙与侧切牙附着体（GP2），后牙与中切牙附着体（GP3），仅前磨牙附着体（GP4）和犬支抗组（GP5）。模拟了5个增量水平（0.5-2.5 mm）的位移控制入侵。结果测量包括牙齿垂直位移、牙内Von Mises应力分布、牙周韧带（PDL）和牙槽骨、附着体变形、倾斜变化和锚固矫正后的生物力学反应。结果：入侵位移随激活逐渐增加（p 2 = 0.991）。GP3产生的切牙位移最大（0.46-2.28 mm），其次是GP5 （0.44-2.21 mm）。附着缺陷构型（GP1和GP4）的位移显著降低（0.32-1.62 mm）。峰值齿面Von Mises应力从0.5 mm侵入时的约146 MPa增加到2.5 mm侵入时的312 MPa，其中GP3的应力传递最大，GP5的应力略有降低，但分布更均匀。PDL应力梯度随侵入深度线性增加（R2 > 0.99），附着变形和接合效率在GP3和GP5中最高。GP5的锚固增强力学将载荷向犬齿重新分配，提高了锚固稳定性指数，减少了过多的切牙应力峰值。结论：在矫直器介导的前牙压入过程中，附着体结构和支抗控制对生物力学效率有显著影响。全面的前附着最大化力传递，而生理犬支抗增强负载分布和生物力学稳定性。这些发现为优化深咬合矫治中矫直器方案提供了生物力学指导。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma in Reducing Oronasal Fistula and Scar Width in Primary Cleft Lip and Palate Repair—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 富血小板血浆在原发性唇腭裂修复中减少口鼻瘘和疤痕宽度的有效性：系统综述和meta分析。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70147

Thiagasirpi Mani, Naveen Munusamy, Prema Anbarasu, Sri Harini Muruganandam, Harish Ponniah, Saravana Kumar Subramanian

This review aimed to investigate platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) efficiency in reducing oronasal fistula during primary cleft lip and palate repair. An extensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Global Index Medics (WHO), PubMed Scopus, Cochrane Central, Proquest was performed up to march 2025. Eligible studies included prospective RCTs and non-randomized controlled trials in human subjects. Patients aged 6–24 months undergoing primary cleft lip and palate repair were involved. Interventions involved intraoperative use of PRP/PRF compared with controls without PRP/PRF. The primary outcome was occurrence of oronasal fistula; secondary outcomes were scar width, wound infection and postoperative bleeding with wound dehiscence. Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was determined with the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I method of assessment. Seven studies met the required criterion and were qualitatively synthesized. Evidence suggested that PRP/PRF application was associated with a lower incidence of oronasal fistula and reduced scar width compared with controls. Additional benefits included accelerated wound healing and faster recovery. The use of autologous PRP was also reported to decrease the need for further surgical interventions. However, the certainty of evidence was limited due to small sample sizes and methodological heterogeneity. PRP and PRF show promising benefits in cleft lip and palate repair, particularly decreased fistula formation and reduced scar width. Nevertheless, current evidence is of low to very low certainty. Larger, well-designed randomized trials are required to validate the results obtained.

Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD420251032421

本综述旨在探讨富血小板血浆（PRP）和富血小板纤维蛋白（PRF）在原发性唇腭裂修复术中减少口鼻瘘的效果。广泛检索PubMed、谷歌Scholar、全球索引医学（WHO）、PubMed Scopus、Cochrane Central、Proquest，检索截止至2025年3月。符合条件的研究包括前瞻性随机对照试验和人类受试者的非随机对照试验。患者年龄为6-24个月，接受原发性唇腭裂修复。干预措施包括术中使用PRP/PRF与不使用PRP/PRF的对照组进行比较。主要观察指标为口鼻瘘的发生；次要结果为疤痕宽度、伤口感染和术后出血伴伤口裂开。研究选择遵循PRISMA指南，采用rob2和ROBINS-I评估方法确定偏倚风险。7项研究符合要求的标准，并进行了定性综合。有证据表明，与对照组相比，PRP/PRF应用与较低的口鼻瘘发生率和减少的疤痕宽度相关。额外的好处包括加速伤口愈合和更快的恢复。自体PRP的使用也减少了进一步手术干预的需要。然而，由于样本量小和方法异质性，证据的确定性受到限制。PRP和PRF在唇腭裂修复中显示出有希望的益处，特别是减少瘘形成和减少疤痕宽度。然而，目前的证据是低到非常低的确定性。需要更大规模、设计良好的随机试验来验证所获得的结果。试验登记：普洛斯彼罗登记号。CRD420251032421。

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引用次数: 0

Authorial Influence in Orthodontic Scholarship: A Comparative Analysis of Authors Impact Across Three Leading Orthodontic Journals 正畸学术的权威影响：作者影响在三个主要正畸期刊的比较分析。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70134

Sarah Abu Arqub, Tvisha Patel, Alexandria Adler, Jennifer Crumpton, Lauren E. Adkins, Dalya Al-Moghrabi, Nikolaos Pandis, Nikhillesh Vaiid

Objective

To perform an authorship-focused bibliometric analysis of highly cited authors who published in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics (AJODO), Angle Orthodontist (AO), and European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO). Furthermore, to evaluate the effect of journal type on bibliometric indices, and identify predictors of total citations.

Methods

A bibliometric analysis using Dimensions Analytics and Scopus (inception—April 2025) identified authors with > 100 citations who published in the AJODO, AO, and the EJO. Extracted data included author-level metrics (total citations, citations per document, publication count, h-index, field-weighted citation impact (FWCI), collaboration, number of coauthors) and regional and institutional information. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and variable importance analysis were performed.

Results

Authors with > 100 citations were common in AO (n = 230), followed by AJODO (n = 133) and EJO (n = 68). Compared with AJODO, authors publishing in AO and EJO had significantly lower total citations (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.52 and 0.57, p < 0.001), citations per document (0.52 and 0.54, p < 0.001), number of publications (0.47 and 0.51, p < 0.001), h-index (coefficients −15 and −18, p < 0.001), and number of coauthors (IRR 0.38 and 0.46, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between journals for collaboration or FWCI. Citations by documents and h-index were the strongest predictors of citation counts.

Conclusions

Although most highly cited authors were from AO, AJODO authors had higher citations, publications, and h-index. Authorial influence is multidimensional, and robust evaluation requires a combination of citation metrics, productivity measures, and context-specific assessments.

目的：对发表在American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial orthopatics （AJODO）、Angle Orthodontist （AO）和European Journal of Orthodontics （EJO）上的高被引作者进行以作者为中心的文献计量分析。进一步评价期刊类型对文献计量指标的影响，确定总被引量的预测因子。方法：使用Dimensions Analytics和Scopus进行文献计量学分析（开始- 2025年4月），确定了在AJODO， AO和EJO上发表文章的被引用次数为bb10100次的作者。提取的数据包括作者水平指标（总引用、每篇论文被引用次数、发表数、h指数、领域加权引用影响（FWCI）、合作、共同作者数量）以及地区和机构信息。进行描述性统计、回归分析和变量重要性分析。结果：被引频次为bbb100的作者在AO中最多（n = 230），其次是AJODO （n = 133）和EJO （n = 68）。与AJODO相比，发表在AO和EJO上的作者总被引率显著低于AJODO（发生率比（IRR）分别为0.52和0.57,p）。结论：虽然高被引作者多来自AO，但AJODO的作者被引率、发表量和h指数均较高。作者的影响力是多维的，可靠的评估需要结合引用指标、生产力指标和具体情况的评估。

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引用次数: 0

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Perioral Soft and Hard Tissue Changes After Non-Surgical Orthodontic Treatment in Class III Patients III类患者非手术正畸治疗后口周软硬组织变化的三维分析。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70146

Jung Jin Park, Ki-Ho Park, Gyu-Tae Kim, Su-Hyun Lee, Young-Guk Park, Jae Hyun Park

Objectives

This study aimed to examine three-dimensional (3D) changes in perioral soft tissue after nonsurgical orthodontic treatment of Class III patients using a 3D structured light scanner.

Methods

The study included 32 Korean patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent nonsurgical orthodontic treatment with temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs). Two-dimensional lateral cephalograms and 3D facial scans were taken before treatment and immediately after debonding. Seven hard-tissue landmarks were identified in the cephalometric images, and 29 perioral soft-tissue landmarks were identified in the 3D facial images. Changes in the 3D coordinates of these landmarks (x, y, z) were assessed by superimposing post-treatment images onto pre-treatment images.

Results

After treatment, the maxillary central incisor tips moved significantly forward (1.43 mm), while the mandibular central incisors moved backward (−2.61 mm). Upper lip landmarks (1) moved forward significantly, while lower lip landmarks (8, 9, 13, 14, 8′, 9′, LLP) moved backward significantly. There was also significant downward and backward movement at Pg′ and Gn′.

Conclusions

Orthodontic treatment resulted in maxillary incisor proclination and lingual uprighting of the mandibular incisors, with downward and backward movement of Pg' and Gn'. No significant soft tissue changes occurred in the transverse axis. The upper lip moved forward, while the lower lip and chin (Pg′, Gn′) shifted backward and downward. The subnasale and the area under the nostrils remained relatively stable, while the lip angle moved posteriorly.

目的：本研究旨在利用三维结构光扫描仪检测III类患者非手术正畸治疗后口腔周围软组织的三维变化。方法：本研究纳入32例韩国骨骼III类错牙合患者，采用临时骨骼锚定装置（TSADs）进行非手术正畸治疗。在治疗前和脱粘后立即进行二维侧位脑电图和三维面部扫描。在头部测量图像中识别出7个硬组织标志，在3D面部图像中识别出29个口周软组织标志。通过将处理后的图像叠加到预处理图像上，评估这些地标（x, y, z）的3D坐标的变化。结果：治疗后上颌中切牙尖部明显前移（1.43 mm），下颌中切牙尖部明显后移（-2.61 mm）。上唇标志(1)显著向前移动，下唇标志（8、9、13、14、8′、9′、LLP）显著向后移动。在Pg′和Gn′处也有明显的向下和向后运动。结论：正畸治疗导致上颌切牙前倾，下颌切牙舌上立，Pg′和Gn′向下和向后移动。横轴未见明显软组织改变。上唇向前移动，而下唇和下巴（Pg', Gn'）向后和向下移动。鼻下和鼻孔下区域相对稳定，唇角后移。

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引用次数: 0

Double-Axis Maxillary Skeletal Expander Suggests Higher Expansion Efficiency in Early Activation: A Finite Element Analysis 双轴上颌骨骼扩展器在早期激活时具有较高的扩展效率：有限元分析。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70007

Kaviya Kanokpongsak, Prajak Jariyapongpaiboon, Sorapon Na Lampang, Phetcharat Dhammayannarangsi, Nicha Ungvijanpunya, Thanaphum Osathanon, Pornchai Jansisyanont, Nuttapol Limjeerajarus, Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus

Introduction

Conventional single-axis maxillary skeletal expanders (MSE) have some drawbacks, such as limited control over maxillary expansion and possible asymmetric expansion between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS). This report introduces a double-axis maxillary skeletal expander (DAMSE) concept to overcome these drawbacks and enhance the efficiency of maxillary skeletal expansion.

Materials and Methods

Five different DAMSE designs were compared with a conventional single-axis MSE. Finite element analysis was performed to analyse their expansion efficiency, stress magnitude and distribution occurring in a simplified bone model.

Results

DAMSE outperformed the single-axis MSE and provided better control over ANS and PNS expansion. During early activation, the highest expansion efficiency (31.7%) was achieved by DAMSE Model V, 13% more efficient than the single-axis MSE. This efficiency was increased to 100.8% by combining the DAMSE Model V with midpalatal suture surgery. However, with the simplified bone model, the current study could not demonstrate that DAMSE can resolve the issue of asymmetric expansion between ANS and PNS.

Conclusions

An appropriately designed DAMSE can be a promising tool for maxillary expansion treatment. DAMSE offers more efficient treatment than the conventional single-axis MSE while maintaining similar levels of patient comfort and invasiveness.

传统的单轴上颌骨扩张器（MSE）存在上颌扩张控制受限、鼻前棘（ANS）和鼻后棘（PNS）可能出现不对称扩张等缺点。本文介绍了一种双轴上颌骨扩展器（DAMSE）的概念，以克服这些缺点，提高上颌骨扩展效率。材料与方法：比较五种不同设计的单轴MSE。通过有限元分析，分析了它们在简化骨模型中的扩展效率、应力大小和分布。结果：DAMSE优于单轴MSE，对ANS和PNS扩展有更好的控制。在早期激活时，DAMSE模型V的扩展效率最高（31.7%），比单轴MSE效率高13%。DAMSE V型与中腭缝合手术相结合，效率提高到100.8%。然而，在简化骨模型的情况下，本研究无法证明DAMSE可以解决ANS和PNS之间不对称扩张的问题。结论：适当设计的DAMSE是上颌扩张治疗的理想工具。DAMSE比传统的单轴MSE提供更有效的治疗，同时保持相似的患者舒适度和侵入性水平。

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引用次数: 0

Three-Dimensional Assessment of Upper Airway Morphology and Sleep-Disordered Breathing Risk in Unilateral Craniofacial Microsomia: A Pilot Study 单侧颅面小症患者上呼吸道形态和睡眠呼吸障碍风险的三维评估：一项初步研究。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.70130

Akila Aiyar, Peter Stoustrup, Thomas Klit Pedersen, Xiaowen Niu

Objective

Unilateral craniofacial microsomia (UCM) presents varying unilateral deficiencies of the temporomandibular joint, mandibular ramus, masticatory muscles, and adjacent soft tissues and ear. Reduced mandibular and maxillary dimensions may decrease upper airway volume and may increase the risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). This retrospective pilot study aimed to evaluate a novel three-dimensional (3D) method for assessing nasal cavity (NC) and pharyngeal airway (PA) dimensions in growing patients with UCM compared with healthy controls, and to explore the potential associations between airway dimensions and SDB risk using the pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ).

Material and Methods

This retrospective case–control pilot study analysed Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 11 patients with UCM (mean age 12.7 ± 4.4 years) and 11 age-matched controls (mean age 12.1 ± 1.1 years). Two calibrated investigators performed airway measurements, including total and partial NC and PA volumes, minimal cross-sectional area (MCS), and hydraulic diameter. SDB risk in the UCM group was assessed using PSQ scores. Reliability was evaluated with intra-class correlation coefficients and Dahlberg's formula. Group differences were tested using unpaired t-tests.

Results

Patients with UCM showed significantly smaller NC volume (9714.9 ± 3032 mm³) than controls (12773.9 ± 1963 mm³; p < 0.0001). PA volume and MCS did not differ significantly. Four of the eleven patients with UCM showed a high PSQ-based risk of SDB and tended to have smaller airway dimensions. Measurement reliability was acceptable.

Conclusions

CBCT-based 3D assessment of upper airway morphology was feasible in patients with UCM. Patients with UCM demonstrated significantly reduced nasal cavity volume compared with controls. Exploratory analysis suggested that some patients may be at increased risk of SDB; however, these findings require confirmation in larger studies.

目的：单侧颅面小畸形（UCM）表现为颞下颌关节、下颌支、咀嚼肌及邻近软组织和耳部的不同单侧缺陷。下颌和上颌尺寸缩小可能会减少上呼吸道体积，并可能增加睡眠呼吸障碍（SDB）的风险。本回顾性初步研究旨在评估一种新的三维（3D）方法来评估生长期UCM患者的鼻腔（NC）和咽气道（PA）尺寸，并通过儿童睡眠问卷（PSQ）探讨气道尺寸与SDB风险之间的潜在关联。材料和方法：本回顾性病例对照先导研究分析了11例UCM患者（平均年龄12.7±4.4岁）和11例年龄匹配的对照组（平均年龄12.1±1.1岁）的锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）。两名经过校准的研究人员进行了气道测量，包括总和部分NC和PA体积、最小横截面积（MCS）和液压直径。使用PSQ评分评估UCM组的SDB风险。用类内相关系数和Dahlberg公式评价信度。组间差异采用非配对t检验。结果：UCM患者的NC体积（9714.9±3032 mm3）明显小于对照组（12773.9±1963 mm3）； p结论：基于cbct的上气道形态三维评估在UCM患者中是可行的。与对照组相比，UCM患者的鼻腔体积明显减小。探索性分析提示部分患者可能存在SDB风险增高；然而，这些发现需要在更大规模的研究中得到证实。

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引用次数: 0