Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103117
André S. Lopes , Danimar López-Hernández , Sean A. Locke , Hudson A. Pinto
The rumen fluke Balanorchis anastrophus Fischoeder, 1901 is a paramphistome found in introduced domestic and native wild ruminants in South America, and the sole member of the family Balanorchiidae. No DNA sequences have been obtained from B. anastrophus, and little is known about the life cycle, distribution, pathology and epidemiology of this species. In this study, paramphistomes found in the rumen of slaughtered cattle from Rio Grande, Southern Brazil, in 2022 were subjected to morphological and molecular analyses. Stained whole and manually cut worms were subjected to morphological and morphometric analyses by light microscopy, which allowed the identification of B. anastrophus. In the molecular analysis, the first genetic data for the species were generated by Sanger [28S (1162 bp), ITS2 (480 bp) and cox1 (764 bp)] and Next Generation [mt genome (14,259 bp, 22 protein coding genes); rDNA operon (7214 bp)] sequencing, which were used in phylogenetic analyses. In all phylogenetic analyses, B. anastrophus formed a distinct lineage from other paramphistomoid taxa with data available for comparison. Thus, at the current stage, Balanorchiidae is maintained as a distinct family of Paramphistomoidea. In most phylogenies, B. anastrophus was more closely related to New World paramphistomoids than to taxa from the Old World. This finding supports the South American origin of B. anastrophus and suggests that the infection of cattle is probably related to a parasite spillover from wild deer.
{"title":"The first molecular phylogenetic analysis of Balanorchis anastrophus (Paramphistomoidea: Balanorchiidae), a rumen fluke found in cattle in South Brazil","authors":"André S. Lopes , Danimar López-Hernández , Sean A. Locke , Hudson A. Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rumen fluke <em>Balanorchis anastrophus</em> Fischoeder, 1901 is a paramphistome found in introduced domestic and native wild ruminants in South America, and the sole member of the family Balanorchiidae. No DNA sequences have been obtained from <em>B. anastrophus</em>, and little is known about the life cycle, distribution, pathology and epidemiology of this species. In this study, paramphistomes found in the rumen of slaughtered cattle from Rio Grande, Southern Brazil, in 2022 were subjected to morphological and molecular analyses. Stained whole and manually cut worms were subjected to morphological and morphometric analyses by light microscopy, which allowed the identification of <em>B. anastrophus</em>. In the molecular analysis, the first genetic data for the species were generated by Sanger [28S (1162 bp), ITS2 (480 bp) and <em>cox</em><em>1</em> (764 bp)] and Next Generation [mt genome (14,259 bp, 22 protein coding genes); rDNA operon (7214 bp)] sequencing, which were used in phylogenetic analyses. In all phylogenetic analyses, <em>B. anastrophus</em> formed a distinct lineage from other paramphistomoid taxa with data available for comparison. Thus, at the current stage, Balanorchiidae is maintained as a distinct family of Paramphistomoidea. In most phylogenies, <em>B. anastrophus</em> was more closely related to New World paramphistomoids than to taxa from the Old World. This finding supports the South American origin of <em>B. anastrophus</em> and suggests that the infection of cattle is probably related to a parasite spillover from wild deer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103145
Dharliton Soares Gomes , Bianca Leal de Oliveira , Paulo Ricardo Silva Coelho , Allan de Jesus Mendonça Severino , Nathália Moreira Teodoro de Oliveira , Silvana Carvalho Thiengo , Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara , Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Corrêa , Stefan Michael Geiger
This study aimed to determine the human positivity rate for S. mansoni infection and evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and behavioral factors, as well as identify risk areas and changes in risk factors over the years 2014, 2015, and 2022 in rural communities in Brazil. We conducted three cross-sectional studies, included parasitological and malacological surveys, as well as risk questionnaires. To identify factors associated with S. mansoni infection, we used binomial generalized linear models. Spatial clusters of high-risk areas for S. mansoni infection were identified using Kernel and Flexible Spatial Scan. After anti-parasitic treatment and educational interventions, we observed a decline in prevalence from 2014 (45.9 %) to 2015 (10.38 %), followed by an increase to 26.03 % in 2022. Proximity to streams (<200 m) and lack of household bathrooms remained significant risk factors in both 2014 and 2022. In 2022, using untreated water also increased the odds of infection. A persistent high-risk cluster was identified in the Tocantins community across all years (relative risk: 2.03–4.18), where residents continue to rely on a contaminated stream due to incomplete water infrastructure projects. These findings reveal the limitations of control strategies based only on diagnosis and treatment. Persistent transmission in vulnerable areas underscores the urgent need for integrated public health actions. Sustainable progress toward schistosomiasis elimination requires not only treatment, but also universal access to clean water, improved sanitation, and targeted health education. High-risk clusters like Tocantins demand prioritized, multisectoral interventions to reduce health disparities and interrupt the cycle of reinfection.
{"title":"Mapping risk factors and spatial clusters of schistosomiasis mansoni in rural communities from Brazil: three cross-sectional studies between 2014 and 2022","authors":"Dharliton Soares Gomes , Bianca Leal de Oliveira , Paulo Ricardo Silva Coelho , Allan de Jesus Mendonça Severino , Nathália Moreira Teodoro de Oliveira , Silvana Carvalho Thiengo , Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara , Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Corrêa , Stefan Michael Geiger","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the human positivity rate for <em>S. mansoni</em> infection and evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and behavioral factors, as well as identify risk areas and changes in risk factors over the years 2014, 2015, and 2022 in rural communities in Brazil. We conducted three cross-sectional studies, included parasitological and malacological surveys, as well as risk questionnaires. To identify factors associated with <em>S. mansoni</em> infection, we used binomial generalized linear models. Spatial clusters of high-risk areas for <em>S. mansoni</em> infection were identified using Kernel and Flexible Spatial Scan. After anti-parasitic treatment and educational interventions, we observed a decline in prevalence from 2014 (45.9 %) to 2015 (10.38 %), followed by an increase to 26.03 % in 2022. Proximity to streams (<200 m) and lack of household bathrooms remained significant risk factors in both 2014 and 2022. In 2022, using untreated water also increased the odds of infection. A persistent high-risk cluster was identified in the Tocantins community across all years (relative risk: 2.03–4.18), where residents continue to rely on a contaminated stream due to incomplete water infrastructure projects. These findings reveal the limitations of control strategies based only on diagnosis and treatment. Persistent transmission in vulnerable areas underscores the urgent need for integrated public health actions. Sustainable progress toward schistosomiasis elimination requires not only treatment, but also universal access to clean water, improved sanitation, and targeted health education. High-risk clusters like Tocantins demand prioritized, multisectoral interventions to reduce health disparities and interrupt the cycle of reinfection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103116
Ngigi Noel Muthoni Mumbi , Claudia Esther Silvera Rojas , Believe Ahedor , Yihong Ma , Maria Fátima Rodríguez Valinotti , Tomás Javier Acosta , Thillaiampalam Sivakumar , Naoaki Yokoyama
Bovine theileriosis and anaplasmosis are major tick-borne diseases affecting cattle health and productivity worldwide. Although cattle farming significantly contributes to Paraguay's economy, limited epidemiological data on the causative agents hinder the formulation of disease control measures. To address this challenge, the present study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale among cattle populations in Paraguay. Blood DNA samples from 326 cattle in nine departments of Paraguay were screened with the pathogen-specific PCR assays. All three pathogens were detected with A. marginale (18.0 %) being the most prevalent, followed by T. orientalis (2.4 %) and T. annulata (1.5 %). In addition, further screening of A. marginale-negative samples using two PCR assays targeting the 16S rRNA and groEL genes of Anaplasma spp., followed by sequencing, detected an infection with Candidatus Anaplasma cinensis. We observed significantly higher A. marginale-positive rates in the Eastern region, males, and extensively managed cattle, as compared to those in the Western region, females, and semi-intensively managed cattle, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that T. annulata tams1 gene sequences were diverse and occurred in multiple clades, while T. orientalis mpsp gene sequences clustered into the genotypes 1, 2, and 3. In contrast, A. marginale msp5 gene sequences occurred within a single clade, suggesting a low genetic diversity. In conclusion, the detection of T. annulata, T. orientalis genotype 2, and A. marginale indicates that cattle populations in Paraguay are at risk of clinical theileriosis and anaplasmosis, highlighting the need to develop disease management strategies.
{"title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of Theileria and Anaplasma species infecting cattle in Paraguay","authors":"Ngigi Noel Muthoni Mumbi , Claudia Esther Silvera Rojas , Believe Ahedor , Yihong Ma , Maria Fátima Rodríguez Valinotti , Tomás Javier Acosta , Thillaiampalam Sivakumar , Naoaki Yokoyama","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine theileriosis and anaplasmosis are major tick-borne diseases affecting cattle health and productivity worldwide. Although cattle farming significantly contributes to Paraguay's economy, limited epidemiological data on the causative agents hinder the formulation of disease control measures. To address this challenge, the present study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of <em>Theileria annulata</em>, <em>Theileria orientalis</em>, and <em>Anaplasma marginale</em> among cattle populations in Paraguay. Blood DNA samples from 326 cattle in nine departments of Paraguay were screened with the pathogen-specific PCR assays. All three pathogens were detected with <em>A. marginale</em> (18.0 %) being the most prevalent, followed by <em>T. orientalis</em> (2.4 %) and <em>T. annulata</em> (1.5 %). In addition, further screening of <em>A. marginale</em>-negative samples using two PCR assays targeting the 16S rRNA and <em>groEL</em> genes of <em>Anaplasma</em> spp., followed by sequencing, detected an infection with <em>Candidatus</em> Anaplasma cinensis. We observed significantly higher <em>A. marginale</em>-positive rates in the Eastern region, males, and extensively managed cattle, as compared to those in the Western region, females, and semi-intensively managed cattle, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that <em>T. annulata tams1</em> gene sequences were diverse and occurred in multiple clades, while <em>T. orientalis mpsp</em> gene sequences clustered into the genotypes 1, 2, and 3. In contrast, <em>A. marginale msp5</em> gene sequences occurred within a single clade, suggesting a low genetic diversity. In conclusion, the detection of <em>T. annulata</em>, <em>T. orientalis</em> genotype 2, and <em>A. marginale</em> indicates that cattle populations in Paraguay are at risk of clinical theileriosis and anaplasmosis, highlighting the need to develop disease management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103101
Khadijeh Seydi-Gazafi , Shahin Seidi , Aida Ebrahimi Ahmadabad , Hanène Belkahia , Mousa Tavassoli , Mourad Ben Said
Haematopinus tuberculatus is a major ectoparasite of water buffaloes, causing substantial economic losses. Widespread pyrethroid use has driven the emergence of resistance in H. tuberculatus populations, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms. This study examined the genetic diversity and resistance mechanisms of H. tuberculatus from Naqadeh, Iran, analyzing 372 lice samples collected from 71 buffaloes across 10 farms. Molecular identification, based on mitochondrial cox1 partial sequence amplification and sequencing, confirmed all samples as H. tuberculatus and revealed close genetic relatedness to populations from China. Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 demonstrated its utility as a genetic marker for intra-specific differentiation. Furthermore, sequencing of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene revealed four key amino acid substitutions: T917I, I920F, V929R, and L930M. Notably, the T917I and I920F mutations have been previously linked to pyrethroid resistance in Pediculus humanus capitis, as well as in Bovicola and Haematopinus species. This suggests a similar potential for pyrethroid resistance in the H. tuberculatus populations examined in this study. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that reduce reliance on pyrethroids and emphasize alternative control measures to safeguard buffalo health and productivity.
{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis and pyrethroid resistance mutation profiling of Haematopinus tuberculatus in buffaloes from Naqadeh, Iran","authors":"Khadijeh Seydi-Gazafi , Shahin Seidi , Aida Ebrahimi Ahmadabad , Hanène Belkahia , Mousa Tavassoli , Mourad Ben Said","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Haematopinus tuberculatus</em> is a major ectoparasite of water buffaloes, causing substantial economic losses. Widespread pyrethroid use has driven the emergence of resistance in <em>H. tuberculatus</em> populations, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms. This study examined the genetic diversity and resistance mechanisms of <em>H. tuberculatus</em> from Naqadeh, Iran, analyzing 372 lice samples collected from 71 buffaloes across 10 farms. Molecular identification, based on mitochondrial <em>cox1</em> partial sequence amplification and sequencing, confirmed all samples as <em>H. tuberculatus</em> and revealed close genetic relatedness to populations from China. Phylogenetic analysis of <em>cox1</em> demonstrated its utility as a genetic marker for intra-specific differentiation. Furthermore, sequencing of the voltage-gated sodium channel (<em>VGSC</em>) gene revealed four key amino acid substitutions: T917I, I920F, V929R, and L930M. Notably, the T917I and I920F mutations have been previously linked to pyrethroid resistance in <em>Pediculus humanus capitis</em>, as well as in <em>Bovicola</em> and <em>Haematopinus</em> species. This suggests a similar potential for pyrethroid resistance in the <em>H. tuberculatus</em> populations examined in this study. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that reduce reliance on pyrethroids and emphasize alternative control measures to safeguard buffalo health and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudomyiases occur when vertebrates ingest eggs or larvae of flies that survive gastrointestinal passage and may result in pathological reactions, but they are usually unable to continue their life cycle in the host. Many blow fly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are associated with facultative cutaneous myiasis in humans and animals; however, very few cases of blow fly pseudomyiasis have been published in animals. In this report, two cases of canine pseudomyiasis caused by blow flies are documented, and Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann was confirmed as the species responsible in one of them. It is likely that cases of pseudomyiasis in dogs are being underestimated, so it is important to consider and identify these events as a differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease to prevent recurrences. Recognizing the particularities of blow fly behavior should be a priority for sanitary authorities to establish control strategies and prevent their impact on public health.
{"title":"Canine intestinal pseudomyiasis by blow flies and first documented case report caused by Lucilia cuprina in Central America","authors":"Sabrina Lazo-Láscarez , Irene Alvarado-Hidalgo , Diana Rojas-Araya , Adriana Troyo , Olger Calderón-Arguedas","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudomyiases occur when vertebrates ingest eggs or larvae of flies that survive gastrointestinal passage and may result in pathological reactions, but they are usually unable to continue their life cycle in the host. Many blow fly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are associated with facultative cutaneous myiasis in humans and animals; however, very few cases of blow fly pseudomyiasis have been published in animals. In this report, two cases of canine pseudomyiasis caused by blow flies are documented, and <em>Lucilia cuprina</em> Wiedemann was confirmed as the species responsible in one of them. It is likely that cases of pseudomyiasis in dogs are being underestimated, so it is important to consider and identify these events as a differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease to prevent recurrences. Recognizing the particularities of blow fly behavior should be a priority for sanitary authorities to establish control strategies and prevent their impact on public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103084"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103094
Khouloud Bouderbala , Luis F. Rangel , Maria J. Santos , Sihem Bahri
A new species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 named Ceratomyxa costaecola n. sp. was recorded in the gallbladder of the Epinephelus costae (Steindachner) fish found in the Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia. Plasmodia of this species were disporic, ellipsoidal in shape and measured between 13 and 16 μm in length and 20–24 μm in width. The mature myxospores were elongated, crescent-shaped with convex anterior and concave posterior angle, measuring 6.3 ± 0.5 (5.8–7.0) μm in length and 24.7 ± 2.3 (22.0–27.0) μm in thickness. Myxospores with two unequal shell valves, the longer one with a rounded end and the shorter one with a pointed end. Polar capsules were pyriform, equal in size, measuring 2.5 ± 0.1 (2.4–2.8) μm in length and 2.2 ± 0.1 (2.1–2.4) μm in width, with 4–5 coils of polar filament measuring 14.7–26.0 μm long after extrusion. The binucleated sporoplasm filled the entire cavity of the myxospore. The phylogenetic analysis showed that C. costaecola n. sp. was closely related to Ceratomyxa species infecting Epinephelidae fishes and also other fishes families from different localities.
{"title":"A new gallbladder parasite Ceratomyxa costaecola n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infecting the Goldblotch grouper Epinephelus costae (Serranidae) from Tunisian waters","authors":"Khouloud Bouderbala , Luis F. Rangel , Maria J. Santos , Sihem Bahri","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new species of <em>Ceratomyxa</em> Thélohan, 1892 named <em>Ceratomyxa costaecola</em> n. sp. was recorded in the gallbladder of the <em>Epinephelus costae</em> (Steindachner) fish found in the Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia. Plasmodia of this species were disporic, ellipsoidal in shape and measured between 13 and 16 μm in length and 20–24 μm in width. The mature myxospores were elongated, crescent-shaped with convex anterior and concave posterior angle, measuring 6.3 ± 0.5 (5.8–7.0) μm in length and 24.7 ± 2.3 (22.0–27.0) μm in thickness. Myxospores with two unequal shell valves, the longer one with a rounded end and the shorter one with a pointed end. Polar capsules were pyriform, equal in size, measuring 2.5 ± 0.1 (2.4–2.8) μm in length and 2.2 ± 0.1 (2.1–2.4) μm in width, with 4–5 coils of polar filament measuring 14.7–26.0 μm long after extrusion. The binucleated sporoplasm filled the entire cavity of the myxospore. The phylogenetic analysis showed that <em>C. costaecola</em> n. sp. was closely related to <em>Ceratomyxa</em> species infecting Epinephelidae fishes and also other fishes families from different localities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accumulating information on the relationship between hosts and parasites is important to understand their life cycle. Nine Brachylaima spp. species exist in Japan, but their life cycles are not fully understood, partly because of their low prevalence in their definitive hosts. In this study, 23 trematodes, thought to belong to the genus Brachylyma were found in the small intestine of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes schrencki) in Hokkaido, Japan. We analyzed these trematodes using morphological and molecular methods. Morphological analysis showed that the trematodes had the same features as Brachylaima asakawai. We extracted DNA from the trematodes and amplified the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes. The 28S rDNA and cox1 fragments were 100 % and 99.7 % identical to the B. asakawai, respectively. Previously, B. asakawai was detected only in rodents in Hokkaido; however, this study demonstrated that it is also a fox parasite. This is the second report of a definitive natural host for B. asakawai and the first record of the red fox being found as a new definitive host for B. asakawai. To fully understand the host preference and range of B. asakawai, it is essential to continuously survey various animals to understand the life cycle of B. asakawai completely.
{"title":"First record of Brachylaima asakawai (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) in a carnivore host, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes schrencki)","authors":"Masahito Hidaka , Kohji Uraguchi , Hiroyuki Matsuyama , Hirokazu Kouguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accumulating information on the relationship between hosts and parasites is important to understand their life cycle. Nine <em>Brachylaima</em> spp. species exist in Japan, but their life cycles are not fully understood, partly because of their low prevalence in their definitive hosts. In this study, 23 trematodes, thought to belong to the genus <em>Brachylyma</em> were found in the small intestine of the red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes schrencki</em>) in Hokkaido, Japan. We analyzed these trematodes using morphological and molecular methods. Morphological analysis showed that the trematodes had the same features as <em>Brachylaima asakawai</em>. We extracted DNA from the trematodes and amplified the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 (<em>cox</em>1) genes. The 28S rDNA and <em>cox</em>1 fragments were 100 % and 99.7 % identical to the <em>B. asakawai</em>, respectively. Previously, <em>B. asakawai</em> was detected only in rodents in Hokkaido; however, this study demonstrated that it is also a fox parasite. This is the second report of a definitive natural host for <em>B. asakawai</em> and the first record of the red fox being found as a new definitive host for <em>B. asakawai</em>. To fully understand the host preference and range of <em>B. asakawai</em>, it is essential to continuously survey various animals to understand the life cycle of <em>B. asakawai</em> completely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103106
Nayana Moraes de Sena , Jhonata Eduard , Camila Maria Barbosa Pereira , José Ledamir Sindeaux Neto , Michele Velasco
The genus Myxobolus, belonging to the class Myxozoa, is a cnidarian genus characterized by ellipsoidal or rounded myxospores with two polar capsules located in the anterior sutural plane, commonly without caudal projections. However, diverse morphologies have been described in recent studies of myxospores, exhibiting various appendage forms. The present study describes the morphological and molecular characteristics of a new species of Myxobolus in the red piranha Pygocentrus nattereri. In 16 % (3/18) of the fish specimens captured in Lake Sacaizal, Amapá State, whitish cysts containing ovoid myxospores with dendritic caudal appendages were observed in the anterior chamber of the eye. The myxospores measured 17.7 μm long, 15.6 μm wide, and 14.0 μm thick and had two equally sized pyriform polar capsules 9.9 μm long and 4.2 μm wide. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the newly identified species, Myxobolus medusae n. sp., formed a clade with other species of Myxobolus without appendages and Henneguya, which infects Characiformes in Brazil, with a genetic distance above 12 %. These morphological and molecular data provide insights into a new species of the genus Myxobolus in P. nattereri, a fish species of socioeconomic importance in the Amazon region.
粘虫属属于粘虫纲，是一个刺胞动物属，其特征是椭球状或圆形的粘孢子，具有位于前缝面的两个极性蒴果，通常没有尾部突出物。然而，在最近的黏液孢子研究中描述了不同的形态，表现出不同的附属物形式。本文报道了红食人鱼（Pygocentrus nattereri）中一新种粘虫的形态和分子特征。在amapap州Sacaizal湖捕获的鱼类标本中，有16% %（3/18）在眼睛前房观察到含有卵球形黏液孢子的白色囊肿，其尾部附属物呈树突状。黏液孢子长17.7 μm，宽15.6 μm，厚14.0 μm，具有两个大小相同的梨形极性蒴果，长9.9 μm，宽4.2 μm。系统发育分析表明，新发现的粘虫（Myxobolus medusae n. sp.）与其他无附属物的粘虫（Myxobolus medusae n. sp.）和感染巴西特征虫的Henneguya属形成一个进化支，遗传距离在12% %以上。这些形态学和分子数据提供了对亚马逊地区具有重要社会经济意义的P. nattereri中Myxobolus属的一个新种的见解。
{"title":"Myxobolus medusae n. sp., a new species of Myxozoa with dendritic appendages","authors":"Nayana Moraes de Sena , Jhonata Eduard , Camila Maria Barbosa Pereira , José Ledamir Sindeaux Neto , Michele Velasco","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Myxobolus</em>, belonging to the class Myxozoa, is a cnidarian genus characterized by ellipsoidal or rounded myxospores with two polar capsules located in the anterior sutural plane, commonly without caudal projections. However, diverse morphologies have been described in recent studies of myxospores, exhibiting various appendage forms. The present study describes the morphological and molecular characteristics of a new species of <em>Myxobolus</em> in the red piranha <em>Pygocentrus nattereri</em>. In 16 % (3/18) of the fish specimens captured in Lake Sacaizal, Amapá State, whitish cysts containing ovoid myxospores with dendritic caudal appendages were observed in the anterior chamber of the eye. The myxospores measured 17.7 μm long, 15.6 μm wide, and 14.0 μm thick and had two equally sized pyriform polar capsules 9.9 μm long and 4.2 μm wide. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the newly identified species, <em>Myxobolus medusae</em> n. sp., formed a clade with other species of <em>Myxobolus</em> without appendages and <em>Henneguya</em>, which infects Characiformes in Brazil, with a genetic distance above 12 %. These morphological and molecular data provide insights into a new species of the genus <em>Myxobolus</em> in <em>P. nattereri</em>, a fish species of socioeconomic importance in the Amazon region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103102
Yuan Yuan , Lingqin Wu , Feng Nian , Huijuan Yang , Mengxi Ma , Kaigui Wang , Xueling Chen , Xiaodi Yang , Huihui Li
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a hazardous symptom of sepsis and causes significant death rates. Although previous research has shown that helminthic derivatives alleviate disorders, the immunomodulatory functions of excretory/secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis adult worms (Ts-AES) in SIMD have not yet been identified. We wanted to see how Ts-AES affects SIMD in this work and explore the potential immune mechanism involved. Murine sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in male BALB/C mice. Following CLP surgery, each mouse received 20 μg Ts-AES intraperitoneally. Results showed that administration of Ts-AES improved the 72-h survival rate of septic mice by up to 40 % compared to untreated mice, who all died within the period. The SIMD was greatly alleviated, characterized by significantly improved left ventricle functions during systole and diastole, reduced biventricular enlargement, and myocardial injury scores. Upon histopathological examination, Ts-AES treatment greatly reduced cardiac inflammation and pathologic injury. The immunomodulatory effect of Ts-AES on protecting SIMD was associated with M2-type macrophage polarization that induces immunomodulatory cytokines and lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially by blocking the HMGB1/TLR2/NF-κB signal pathway. Our findings in this study demonstrate the potential of Ts-AES as a therapeutic agent for SIMD or other inflammatory disorders.
{"title":"Excretory/secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis adult worms alleviate myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis in murine models","authors":"Yuan Yuan , Lingqin Wu , Feng Nian , Huijuan Yang , Mengxi Ma , Kaigui Wang , Xueling Chen , Xiaodi Yang , Huihui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a hazardous symptom of sepsis and causes significant death rates. Although previous research has shown that helminthic derivatives alleviate disorders, the immunomodulatory functions of excretory/secretory proteins from <em>Trichinella spiralis</em> adult worms (<em>Ts</em>-AES) in SIMD have not yet been identified. We wanted to see how <em>Ts</em>-AES affects SIMD in this work and explore the potential immune mechanism involved. Murine sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in male BALB/C mice. Following CLP surgery, each mouse received 20 μg <em>Ts</em>-AES intraperitoneally. Results showed that administration of <em>Ts</em>-AES improved the 72-h survival rate of septic mice by up to 40 % compared to untreated mice, who all died within the period. The SIMD was greatly alleviated, characterized by significantly improved left ventricle functions during systole and diastole, reduced biventricular enlargement, and myocardial injury scores. Upon histopathological examination, <em>Ts</em>-AES treatment greatly reduced cardiac inflammation and pathologic injury. The immunomodulatory effect of <em>Ts-</em>AES on protecting SIMD was associated with M2-type macrophage polarization that induces immunomodulatory cytokines and lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially by blocking the HMGB1/TLR2/NF-κB signal pathway. Our findings in this study demonstrate the potential of <em>Ts</em>-AES as a therapeutic agent for SIMD or other inflammatory disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2025.103100
Alika Kanaeva , Ekaterina Vodiasova , Vo Thi Ha , Viktoria Uppe , Evgenija Dmitrieva
Monogeneans of the genus Calicotyle Diesing, 1850 were found in the cloaca of the Arafura skate Okamejei boesemani (Ishihara, 1987) from the coastal waters of Vietnam. A partial 28S rDNA sequence (822 bp) was obtained from the collected specimen and deposited in GenBank (accession number PP868284). Comparative analysis with the available 28S rDNA sequences of Calicotyle spp. in the NCBI database revealed the smallest p-distances with the C. kroyeri Diesing, 1850 species complex. However, the genetic distance between the obtained sequence and C. kroyeri (AF279746) from its type host, Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808), and type locality (the North Sea), was 4.2 %, while distances from all C. kroyeri isolates from the Atlantic Ocean (AF279744 – AF279747) ranged from 4.2 to 5.9 %. Based on these results, a new species, C. confusa n. sp., was proposed. Morphologically, C. confusa n. sp. exhibits smaller, albeit overlapping, dimensions compared to C. kroyeri specimens from the North Atlantic. However, no significant differences were observed between the two species in taxonomically important characters. Further morphological studies of C. kroyeri from its type host, as well as from other hosts and regions, are required to identify potential diagnostic characters distinguishing it from C. confusa n. sp.
{"title":"Calicotyle confusa n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from Okamejei boesemani (Elasmobranchii) off Vietnam","authors":"Alika Kanaeva , Ekaterina Vodiasova , Vo Thi Ha , Viktoria Uppe , Evgenija Dmitrieva","doi":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.parint.2025.103100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monogeneans of the genus <em>Calicotyle</em> Diesing, 1850 were found in the cloaca of the Arafura skate <em>Okamejei boesemani</em> (Ishihara, 1987) from the coastal waters of Vietnam. A partial 28S rDNA sequence (822 bp) was obtained from the collected specimen and deposited in GenBank (accession number PP868284). Comparative analysis with the available 28S rDNA sequences of <em>Calicotyle</em> spp. in the NCBI database revealed the smallest p-distances with the <em>C. kroyeri</em> Diesing, 1850 species complex. However, the genetic distance between the obtained sequence and <em>C. kroyeri</em> (AF279746) from its type host, <em>Amblyraja radiata</em> (Donovan, 1808), and type locality (the North Sea), was 4.2 %, while distances from all <em>C. kroyeri</em> isolates from the Atlantic Ocean (AF279744 – AF279747) ranged from 4.2 to 5.9 %. Based on these results, a new species, <em>C. confusa</em> n. sp., was proposed. Morphologically, <em>C. confusa</em> n. sp. exhibits smaller, albeit overlapping, dimensions compared to <em>C. kroyeri</em> specimens from the North Atlantic. However, no significant differences were observed between the two species in taxonomically important characters. Further morphological studies of <em>C. kroyeri</em> from its type host, as well as from other hosts and regions, are required to identify potential diagnostic characters distinguishing it from <em>C. confusa</em> n. sp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19983,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology International","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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