Potato Research最新文献

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a highly destructive oomycete in potato crops, and managing its impact is crucial. Host plant resistance plays a pivotal role in disease management. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance to late blight in nine preselected Chilean native potato genotypes through field and laboratory experiments, comparing them with the moderately susceptible control cultivar Désirée. The field trial spanned two seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) at the same location in Southern Chile. Foliar damage percentage caused by natural infection was measured, and the relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) was calculated. The laboratory experiments included a detached leaflet assay and a tuber assay in 2019. The results indicated that seven genotypes, Azul (0.10), SN-1 (0.10), Chilca-1 (0.11), Azul Casposa (0.07), Corahila Reina (0.16), Piku (0.17) and Murta (0.24), exhibited partial resistance with significantly lower rAUDPC values than the control cultivar across both seasons. Moreover, the detached leaflets assay in 2019 highlighted four genotypes with substantially lower damage percentages: Azul Casposa (0.11%), Chilca-1 (0.64%), Piku (1.11%) and SN-1 (3.16%). The tuber assay conducted in 2019 revealed that five of the foliar-resistant genotypes, Azul (43.98%), SN-1 (38.06%), Chilca-1 (41.54%), Corahila Reina (45.5%) and Murta (39.11%), exhibited low to medium resistance also in tubers. This study successfully identified favourable variation for Phytophthora infestans resistance, indicating the potential suitability of given Chilean native potato germplasm as donors in potato breeding programs.

Chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, CGA) is the most abundant phenolic compound in potatoes, serving as one of the material bases for potato resistance to insects and diseases. Nevertheless, excessive CGA can impact the taste of potatoes. The application of exogenous phytohormones is an effective technical approach to regulate CGA metabolism through gene expression of transcriptional regulatory pathways. Herein, we determined the content of CGA under the application of sucrose and multiple phytohormones and explored the expression changes of related genes. As a proof-of-concept, the effects of exogenous sucrose and multiple phytohormones on CGA metabolism in potato tuber flesh were investigated. The CGA content was significantly decreased in sucrose-treated potato tuber tissues, as well as in those treated with abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Among these treatments, the effect of SA was the most obvious. Meanwhile, the expression changes of six major enzyme genes involved in potato CGA metabolism, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), hydroxycinnamoyl CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT), hydroxycinnamoyl CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), ρ-coumarate 3’-hydroxilase (C3H), and caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE), were analyzed. Under sucrose treatment, HQT was down-regulated, whereas three genes (PAL, 4CL, and CSE) were notably up-regulated, and expressions of HCT and C3H did not show significant changes. ABA induced the expression of HCT, but inhibited the expression of PAL, 4CL, HQT, C3H, and CSE. The expression of all six enzyme genes was down-regulated under SA treatment. MeJA induced the expression of HQT, but inhibited the expression of PAL, 4CL, HCT, C3H, and CSE. Collectively, sucrose and phytohormones can regulate CGA accumulation in potato tuber flesh by regulating the expression levels of genes involved in the CGA pathway. These results provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the transcriptional regulation mechanism of CGA metabolism.

Climate change in the form of heat waves, torrential rains and floods is showing impact on the food security in Pakistan. Potato is the main cash crop of the region affected by climate change. However, impact assessment of climate change for the potato-potato cropping system has not been studied yet. Hence, in the present study, we studied the impact of projected climate change and key adaptation options on the potato-potato cropping system using the DSSAT-CSM-SUBSTOR-Potato model. The model was calibrated using 2019 spring and fall season field experiments data, while evaluation was made using spring and fall season data of 2019 and 2020 respectively. After calibration and evaluation, model sensitivity analysis for carbon, temperature, water and nitrogen (CTWN) was performed, and after that, it was applied to determine the impact of climate warming and change in rainfall on spring and fall potato during mid-century. The results revealed that during the baseline period (1980–2020), maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature were increased by 0.7 and 0.8 °C during the spring growing season and by 0.8 and 0.9 °C during the autumn growing season, respectively. Furthermore, it was projected that autumn potato will be more influenced due to climate change than spring potato. Under future projections, temperature change for spring planted potato will be 2.7 to 3.8 °C for Tmin and 2.1 to 3.4 °C for Tmax. However for the autumn seasons, potato increase in maximum temperature will be from 2.4 to 3.6 °C and for minimum temperature the change will be from 2.7 to 4.0 °C. Simulation outcome showed that without adaptation strategies, tuber yield will be reduced from 23 to 29% and from 19 to 36% in spring and fall potato, respectively. While with adopting suitable adaptation strategies such as fertigation, planting date adjustment (earlier planting of spring potato by 15 days and delayed planting of fall by 20 days), higher thermal time requiring cultivars, increase of 12% in plant population and nitrogen quantity, tuber yield can be increased by 9 to 13% during spring and by 10 to 14% during autumn potato during mid-century. Therefore, farmers should adopt suitable adaptation strategies as mentioned to reduce the negative impact of climate change on potato yield.

Pollen viability is a limiting factor in potato hybridization, although it varies considerably among potato varieties. Exploring the molecular basis of pollen viability will give a theoretical foundation for improving hybridization. In this research, we showed that the four StLAT52 genes, namely StLAT52a, StLAT52b, StLAT52c and StLAT52d were the key genes affecting potato pollen viability, and they were only expressed in flowers. It was also noted that these genes were localized in the nucleus. An assessment of protein–protein interactions showed that StLAT52a and StLAT52b proteins, StLAT52a and StLAT52c proteins, and StLAT52b and StLAT52c proteins interacted both in vitro and in vivo. When these genes were transferred into tobacco, the number of pollen grains significantly increased, and the pollen viability increased by almost 10%. In addition, the expression of the StLAT52 genes in tobacco resulted in significant changes in genes associated with the proteasome, ribosome biogenesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways during the flowering stage. Taken together, this research provided an in-depth understanding of the structure and functions of the LAT52 genes in potatoes and their association with pollen viability. The results of this research can be used as a basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism underlying pollen viability.

This study investigated the impact of pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment combined with hot-air (HA) and microwave (MW) drying on the quality attributes of yellow and purple potato samples. PEF + HA and PEF + MW treatments showed no significant difference in total phenolic content for yellow potatoes. However, the raw purple sample exhibited significantly higher phenolic content compared to purple PEF1 and PEF3 samples. DPPH antioxidant activity for yellow and purple potatoes ranged from 18.48 to 33.19% with HA drying, and from 21.38 to 39.94% with MW drying. MW drying following PEF treatment was more effective in enhancing antioxidant activity compared to HA drying. However, it was observed that PEF levels had no statistical effect on total monomeric anthocyanin. PEF treatment prior to drying may be recommended in practice as it does not cause structural changes in SEM analysis. According to FTIR results, PEF and drying processes caused some changes in the chemical structure of potato samples. In the PCA results, the untreated purple HA sample exhibited characteristics that were most similar to those of the raw purple potato sample. Conversely, the yellow PEF + MW and untreated yellow with MW samples displayed properties closest to the raw yellow potato samples. According to chemometric analysis, the models exhibit high r_CV and r_Pre values coupled with low RMSEC and RMSEP values and negligible disparities between them, indicating strong correlations between the predicted and reference values.

Potatoes are one of the widely consumed staple foods all over the world. The prices of potatoes were more unstable than other agricultural commodities because of factors such as perishability, production uncertainties, and seasonal fluctuations. These factors make it difficult for farmers to manage and predict production levels, resulting in supply and price fluctuations. Therefore, it is essential to develop predictive models that can accurately forecast the pricing of agricultural commodities such as potatoes. The study attempted to explore the pattern of potato prices in major markets of northern India using different time series models. The empirical findings indicated positively skewed data distributed with a high instability index. In terms of forecasting accuracy, the EEMD-ANN model exhibited the best performance among the various time series techniques, generating the lowest MAPE values of 9.10%, 12.97%, and 4.27% for the Chandigarh, Delhi, and Shimla markets, respectively. Meanwhile, the EEMD-ARIMA model yielded the most accurate prediction results for the Dehradun market, with an MAPE value of 12.97%. The outcomes of this study offer significant insights to farmers, consumers, and government bodies for making informed decisions regarding the production, consumption, and distribution of potatoes. Moreover, the effectiveness of various time series models in handling complex agricultural price series was also investigated.

The type of oil used during deep-fat frying can play a unique role in the transfer phenomena due to their different physicochemical properties. The effects of three types of oil, including canola, sunflower, and soybean oils, on the momentum, heat, and mass transfer during frying of potato strips were evaluated. The results showed that the oil type did not have a significant effect on moisture loss and oil uptake. However, the velocity distribution patterns of the three oils were not the same. The average simulated velocity for soybean oil was higher than those of the other two, attributable to its higher density. The results showed that the surface temperature of potatoes was affected by oil type. Overall, the developed numerical simulation could help in a better comprehension of the deep-fat frying of potato strips with the ultimate aim of producing low-fat quality products.

The present investigation was aimed to develop an advanced refractance window drying (RWD) method for the drying of potato slices. A total of 17 experiments were carried out by using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) with RWD process parameters, i.e. drying temperature (75 °C, 85 °C, and 95 °C), potassium metabisulphite (KMS) concentration (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%), and potato slice thickness (2 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm). The effect of RWD process parameters on dehydration ratio, rehydration ratio, shrinkage ratio, total colour difference (TCD), and overall acceptability (OA) was analysed. Design-Expert software (ver. 13.0.1) was employed for numerical optimization of the experimental results. The optimized values for drying temperature (°C), KMS concentration (%), and slice thickness (mm) were found to be 85 °C, 0.5%, and 3 mm, respectively, and the corresponding responses were found to be 4.64, 3.45, 0.361, 9.956, and 4.64 for dehydration ratio, rehydration ratio, shrinkage ratio, TCD, and overall acceptability, respectively. A comparative analysis of optimized RWD (O-RWD) potato slices and conventionally dried (CD) potato slices was also conducted for proximate analysis, total colour difference (TCD), total sugar, textural properties (crispiness and hardness), water activity, and overall acceptability (OA). The results revealed that O-RWD potato slices were significantly higher in protein content, carbohydrates, total sugars, crispiness, and OA compared to CD potato slices. Overall, this study recommended that RWD provided better dried potato slices compared to CD.

This paper highlights why it is crucial to determine crop production using artificial intelligence for the growth of agriculture. In this paper, an elaborated ResNet-59 model has been developed to estimate potato harvests accurately. The dataset contained a global potato and tomato production data set that began in 1961 and ended in 2021; different deep learning architectures considered were ResNet-59, GoogLeNet, VGG-19, ResNet-50, VGG-16, and MobileNet. Collectively, the outcome of this ResNet-59 model’s improvement led to a general superiority with more minor mean squared errors, which were recorded as 0.0083, and a mean absolute error of 0.0762, a median of absolute errors amounted to 0.0750 along with an R² value equalling 99.05%. According to these results, precision agriculture is another area where ResNet-59 could be effective, thus promoting the rational distribution of resources, minimizing waste and increasing food security. It is epoch-making to deliberate on the capability of artificial intelligence to emancipate sustainable farming and future research.

Sprout suppression is a crucial aspect of maintaining postharvest Solanum tuberosum (potato) tuber quality. 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) has demonstrated effective sprout suppression during long-term storage of potatoes. Its mode of action, however, remains unknown, and previous studies utilizing single cultivars preclude identification of a common response to treatment. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify common transcriptomic responses of multiple potato cultivars of varying dormancy lengths to DMN exposure during two dormancy stages. RNA-seq gene expression profiling supported differing sensitivity to DMN treatment dependent upon cultivar and dormancy stage. A limited number of genes with similar expression patterns were common to all cultivars. These were primarily identified in ecodormant tubers and were associated with cell cycle progression, hormone signaling, and biotic and abiotic stress response. DMN treatment resulted in significant upregulation of members of ANAC/NAC and WRKY transcription factor families. Investigation of affected protein-protein interaction networks revealed a small number of networks responsive to DMN in all cultivars. These results suggest that response to DMN is largely cultivar and dormancy stage-dependent, and the primary response is governed by a limited number of stress and growth-related genes and protein-protein interactions.