PsyCh journal最新文献

Younger and older L1 Chinese speakers differ in where they place their focus-young adults look more to the future, while older adults value the past-yet neither group faces toward the past. Instead, all L1 Chinese participants consistently adopt a future-facing perspective. When interpreting ambiguous temporal expressions, they rely on S-Time: "" ("qian", front) refers to earlier (past) moments and "" ("hou", back) to later (future) moments. This reflects a reference frame of S-Time rather than a backward orientation toward the past. In contrast, L1 English speakers prefer D-Time, mapping "front" onto the future and "back" onto the past. Together, these findings show that although age shifts temporal focus among L1 Chinese speakers, cultural and values background determines the dominant reference frames of temporal representations and cognition-S-Time for L1 Chinese speakers and D-Time for L1 English speakers.

This study aims to explore the theory of mind (ToM) status in individuals with congenital visual impairment (CVI) and identify key predictive factors. For Study 1, the false-belief task was used to assess ToM ability in children aged 7-10 years (60 with normal sight, 33 with legal blindness, and 23 with total blindness). The results showed that children with total blindness had significantly lower false-belief scores than sighted children, with those with legal blindness performing in between. In the first-order false-belief task, verbal ability only moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children. Meanwhile, in the second-order false-belief task, verbal ability moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children and between children with legal blindness and sighted children. For Study 2, the faux pas task was used to examine the roles of age, residual vision, and verbal ability in ToM development among 166 adolescents aged 7-19 years with CVI. While age and verbal ability significantly predicted ToM development, residual vision had no significant predictive effect. In conclusion, compared with sighted children, those with CVI show delayed ToM development, though children with legal blindness perform better than those with total blindness. Age and verbal ability are key predictors of ToM development in children with CVI. Thus, in the early stages of ToM development, maximizing the use of residual vision and other senses is crucial. Further, enhancing verbal abilities, such as through using mental state terms in conversations and reading literary works, can mitigate the negative impact of CVI. Finally, intervention strategies should be tailored to age characteristics.

As a form of interpersonal interaction, advice taking may occur after decision makers consider others' evaluations and impressions of them. Previous work has examined how other people view decision makers when they do or do not decide to take their advice. Our work examines whether decision makers realize this effect and therefore take advice strategically for the purpose of impression management. Four studies were designed to investigate the impression management mechanism of advice taking. Study 1 shows that individuals tend to consider decision makers who accepted others' advice as warmer and those who rejected others' advice as more competent. Decision makers can also accurately predict others' view of them in terms of whether they are warm or competent from their degree of advice taking. Studies 2 and 3 show that decision makers strategically adopt others' advice to engage in impression management. That is, when they want to show others they are warm, they rely more heavily on advice, whereas when they want to show they are competent, they rely less on advice. Study 4 shows that impression management in advice taking is more likely to occur when the advice comes from a person whom they want to impress.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychosis are traditionally considered distinct psychiatric conditions with divergent developmental trajectories, yet emerging evidence suggests they may share overlapping neurodevelopmental characteristics. This study examined whether the cognitive profile associated with co-occurring autism and first-episode psychosis (FEP) reflects additive or interactive influences of the two conditions. Neuropsychological profiles were compared across four age-, sex-, intelligence quotient-, and education level-matched groups of adolescents and young adults (n = 45; aged 13-21): individuals with co-occurring ASD and FEP (FEP-ASD), FEP without ASD (FEP-O), ASD without FEP, and non-autistic controls. The FEP-ASD group exhibited an uneven cognitive profile characterised by relative strengths in visuospatial processing and recognition memory, alongside marked impairments in information processing speed, attentional control, and working memory. This pattern resembled the ASD profile but at a lower overall performance level, consistent with the additive impact of psychosis on ASD-related cognitive characteristics. FEP-ASD participants outperformed FEP-O in recognition memory, a domain usually preserved in ASD but impaired in psychosis. These preliminary findings suggest that co-occurring ASD and psychosis may produce a cognitive profile shaped by influences from both conditions. Larger longitudinal and multimodal studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Social media fatigue negatively affects users' cognitive, emotional, and behavioral faculties. Therefore, the identification of risk factors associated with this phenomenon is essential for the development of preventative measures against social media fatigue. This study aimed to explore the relationship between fear of missing out and social media fatigue, the mediating role of information overload and perceived stress, and the moderating role of dispositional mindfulness. Adopting a longitudinal cluster sampling design, this study assessed college students using several psychometric instruments: Fear of missing out scale, information overload scale, Chinese perceived stress scale, social media fatigue scale, and mindfulness attention awareness scale. Data from 743 college students, collected and matched across three-time points, were analyzed to test the mediation and moderation effects. Findings from the study indicated that the independent and chain mediating effects of information overload and perceived stress were significant. Moreover, the negative moderating influences of dispositional mindfulness were also found to be significant. The results suggest that fear of missing out influences social media fatigue through two parallel pathways-information overload and perceived stress-and through a serial pathway involving both variables. Dispositional mindfulness can mitigate the impact of fear of missing out on information overload or perceived stress, as well as alleviate the mediating role of information overload and perceived stress. These findings provide valuable insights into social media fatigue and have significant implications for its prevention and intervention.

To assess the efficacy of prehabilitation programs in improving quality of life and alleviating anxiety and depression among adults undergoing surgery, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching seven major biomedical databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Sinomed) from inception to October 30, 2025. Randomized controlled trials evaluating prehabilitation interventions in surgical patients were included. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. Prehabilitation significantly improved postoperative quality of life (effect size = 4.68, 95% CI [1.18, 8.18], p < 0.05) and reduced depressive symptoms (effect size = -0.13, 95% CI [-0.26, -0.01], p < 0.03), whereas its effect on anxiety was not significant (effect size = 0.01, 95% CI [-0.13, 0.14], p = 0.92). Subgroup analyses indicated that benefits were most evident in the medium-term period, while long-term effects were minimal. No publication bias was observed, and the overall quality of evidence was moderate. Prehabilitation is effective in enhancing quality of life and reducing depression in surgical patients; however, its impact on anxiety remains inconclusive. Optimal effects may be associated with structured, multimodal prehabilitation programs and medium-term follow-up. Future randomized trials should examine program components, delivery modes, and long-term outcomes to refine clinical implementation.

The moral slippery slope effect refers to the phenomenon where, within groups or organizations, the incidence of individual unethical behaviors increases and escalates over time. To systematically identify factors that drive the disappearance of this effect, three studies were conducted using a 20-round spontaneous deception task. Study 1 compared the trend of the moral slippery slope effect under accumulative versus non-accumulative pay conditions. Results indicated that the moral slippery slope effect disappeared under accumulative pay but persisted under non-accumulative pay. Studies 2 and 3 further examined the moderating role of pay satisfaction in the moral slippery slope effect, specifically under accumulative pay. Results revealed that pay satisfaction significantly moderated the relationship between experimental rounds and the moral slippery slope effect: the effect persisted when participants reported low pay satisfaction but disappeared when pay satisfaction was high. Collectively, these findings confirm two key conclusions: (1) accumulative pay is a necessary prerequisite for the disappearance of the moral slippery slope effect; (2) pay satisfaction moderates the disappearance of this effect under accumulative pay. This study provides empirical support for moral balance theory and offers practical implications for organizations: designing accumulative pay systems and aligning pay with employee expectations can effectively prevent moral decline by enhancing pay satisfaction.

We examine whether polite or impolite speech affects experts' persuasiveness. Across three studies, experts using impolite language proved more persuasive than when polite (as portrayed by the Dr. House TV character) informing persuasion and politeness research.

Despite the exploration of the impact of individual and external situational factors on Unethical Pro-Organizational Behaviors (UPB) and its boundaries to some extent, existing research has not sufficiently delved into the complementary relationships and the interactive effects among multiple factors, making it challenging to fully elucidate the complexity of UPB outcomes. Drawing upon prior research on UPB, this study employed the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method, integrating configuration theory and individual-context interaction theory, to gather a total of 550 datasets from seven Chinese food enterprises and a professional research platform (Credamo). The findings revealed that no single factor was essential for UPB; instead, the five factors encompassing individual psychological and external situational aspects coexist in multiple configurations, resulting in three distinct driving mechanisms. Furthermore, there exists a causal asymmetry within the driving mechanisms of UPB. Based on these insights, it is imperative to adopt a differentiated management approach from a holistic perspective, considering the specific context, fostering an ethical and supportive organizational climate, being vigilant about the potential adverse impacts of transformational leadership, and guiding employees with a high inclination toward Machiavellianism.

Two studies were conducted to investigate: (1) the effects of dispositional mindfulness and short-term mindfulness induction on prosocial willingness, (2) the mediating roles of moral identity and moral disengagement, and (3) age-related differences between young adolescents (12-15 years) and young adults (18-24 years). In Study 1, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 271 college students (young adults) and 229 middle school students (young adolescents), assessing dispositional mindfulness, moral identity, moral disengagement, and prosocial willingness. In Study 2, an experimental design was employed to explore the short-term effects of two types of mindfulness inductions (with ethical elements or without) on these variables, involving 105 young adults and 142 young adolescents. Study 1 revealed that, in adolescents, moral identity significantly mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and prosocial willingness, while moral disengagement served as the primary mediator among adults. Study 2 showed that different short-term mindfulness inductions significantly affected moral identity, moral disengagement, and prosocial willingness in adolescents, with significant mediation effects of moral identity and moral disengagement. However, these effects were not significant in adults. Both types of mindfulness induction showed differential mediating effects, suggesting age-specific psychological mechanisms. Findings highlighted age-related differences in how mindfulness influences prosocial behavior, mediated by moral constructs. Both studies consistently showed that, for adolescents, the moral psychology (such as moral identity and moral disengagement) significantly influences the association between mindfulness (interventions) and prosocial behavior. This provides important insights into ethical mindfulness education, emphasizing the need to account for psychological development characteristics when designing mindfulness programs for adolescents.