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A review of interfacial engineering and performance modulation of hollow/porous nanostructures synthesized via the Kirkendall effect for synergistic remediation of water co-contaminated by heavy metals and organics 基于Kirkendall效应合成的中空/多孔纳米结构的界面工程及性能调控研究进展
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217633
Xiaofei Li , Rui Xu , Guangfei Qu , Dehui Kong , Chenyang Yin , Yingying Cai , Minhua Cheng , Yaoze Wang , Linjin Li , Ping Ning
The synergistic remediation of heavy metal-organic compound pollution has emerged as a major challenge in environmental restoration. Traditional techniques often suffer from low efficiency and secondary pollution risks due to complex interactions between pollutants. This review systematically summarized recent advances in leveraging the Kirkendall effect for the design of environmental functional materials. It specifically elucidated the physical mechanism by which this effect induces the formation of hollow/porous structures through the regulation of non-equilibrium diffusion kinetics in heterogeneous components, highlighting its unique advantages for synergistic pollutant removal. Researches demonstrated that Kirkendall effect derived functional materials possessed high specific surface areas, tunable pore size distributions, and abundant active sites. These properties enabled the simultaneous efficient adsorption-catalytic reduction of heavy metal ions and the deep degradation of organic pollutants. Further optimization of the material's electronic structure and mass transfer behavior, achievable through surface functionalization (e.g., phosphorylation, amination) and heterojunction interface engineering, significantly enhanced pollutant removal efficiency and structural stability within complex environmental matrices. However, the practical application of this technology still faced critical challenges, including complex synthesis procedures, insufficient long-term stability, and an incomplete understanding of synergistic removal mechanisms. Future efforts should focus on developing green, scalable synthesis strategies, providing an in-depth elucidation of interfacial reaction mechanisms under multifactor coupling, and advancing engineering scale validation. These endeavors are crucial for providing the theoretical foundation and technical support necessary for the innovative development of next generation environmental remediation technologies.
重金属-有机化合物污染的协同修复已成为环境修复的一大挑战。传统技术由于污染物之间复杂的相互作用,往往存在效率低下和二次污染风险。这篇综述系统地总结了利用Kirkendall效应设计环境功能材料的最新进展。具体阐述了该效应通过调控非平衡扩散动力学诱导中空/多孔结构形成的物理机制,突出了其协同去除污染物的独特优势。研究表明,Kirkendall效应衍生的功能材料具有高比表面积、可调节的孔径分布和丰富的活性位点。这些特性使其能够同时高效吸附-催化还原重金属离子和深度降解有机污染物。通过表面功能化(如磷酸化、胺化)和异质结界面工程,进一步优化材料的电子结构和传质行为,显著提高了复杂环境基质中的污染物去除效率和结构稳定性。然而,该技术的实际应用仍然面临着严峻的挑战,包括复杂的合成过程、长期稳定性不足以及对协同去除机制的不完全了解。未来的工作应侧重于开发绿色、可扩展的合成策略,深入阐明多因素耦合下的界面反应机制,并推进工程规模验证。这些努力对于为下一代环境修复技术的创新发展提供必要的理论基础和技术支持至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Green synthesis and biomedical applications of CuO/MgO nanocomposite: Antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic efficacies CuO/MgO纳米复合材料的绿色合成和生物医学应用:抗菌、抗氧化和降糖效果
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217637
S. Priyadharshini , M. Karnan , M. Ayyanar , C. Jenipher , Arun Thirumurugan , N. Chidhambaram
Oxidative stress and its associated complications pose serious threats to human health, demonstrating the pressing need for effective redox-active materials. This study presents the biogenic synthesis of a redox-active Copper oxide/Magnesium oxide (CuO/MgO) nanocomposite using Citrus limonium extract and evaluates its antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities, along with CuO nanoparticles for comparison. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis divulges the interwoven CuO and MgO phase in a single matrix with a crystallite size of 44 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra expose the vibrational bands at 864, 678, and 570 cm−1, corresponding to CuO, MgO, and Cu–O–Mg. Optical analysis reveals a bandgap energy of 1.47 eV for the CuO/MgO composite, higher than 1.29 eV observed for CuO nanoparticles, indicating the improved visible-light absorption. Morphological examination reveals irregular aggregates with porous surface texture of the CuO/MgO composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis substantiates the Cu2+, Mg2+, and O2− oxidation states of rudiments in the nanocomposite. Biologically, the CuO/MgO nanocomposite exhibits potential antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis and E. coli, with inhibition zones of 27.4 ± 0.15 mm and 25.2 ± 0.1 mm, respectively, and shows enhanced antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 140.72 ± 0.6 μg/mL. Furthermore, it demonstrates stronger inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, 79.8% and 86.1%, respectively, compared to CuO nanoparticles. Overall, this study confirms that the CuO/MgO nanocomposite, synthesized via a green approach, exhibits enhanced structural, optical, and biological properties, making it a promising candidate for biomedical applications targeting oxidative stress-related disorders.
氧化应激及其相关并发症对人类健康构成严重威胁,迫切需要有效的氧化活性材料。本研究利用柑橘柠檬提取物合成了具有氧化还原活性的氧化铜/氧化镁(CuO/MgO)纳米复合材料,并对其抗菌、抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性进行了评价,并与CuO纳米颗粒进行了比较。x射线衍射(XRD)分析揭示了CuO和MgO相交织在单一基体中,晶粒尺寸为44 nm。傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱揭示了864、678和570 cm−1的振动带,对应于CuO、MgO和Cu-O-Mg。光学分析表明,CuO/MgO复合材料的带隙能量为1.47 eV,高于CuO纳米颗粒的带隙能量1.29 eV,表明CuO/MgO复合材料的可见光吸收能力有所提高。形貌分析表明,CuO/MgO复合材料具有不规则的聚集体和多孔的表面结构。x射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析证实了纳米复合材料中基本组分的Cu2+、Mg2+和O2−氧化态。生物学上,CuO/MgO纳米复合材料对表皮葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有潜在的抑菌活性,抑制区分别为27.4±0.15 mm和25.2±0.1 mm,其抗氧化活性增强,IC50值为140.72±0.6 μg/mL。此外,它对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用分别比CuO纳米颗粒强79.8%和86.1%。总的来说,本研究证实,通过绿色方法合成的CuO/MgO纳米复合材料具有增强的结构、光学和生物学特性,使其成为针对氧化应激相关疾病的生物医学应用的有希望的候选者。
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引用次数: 0
Thermocatalytic CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides by d-block metal complexes: Mechanistic insights, ligand design, and catalytic trends d-嵌段金属配合物与环氧化物的热催化CO2环加成:机理见解,配体设计和催化趋势
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217640
Shahzad Rasheed , Shezma Shakeel Ahmed , Sahar Sadiq , Yong Yang , Ghayoor Abbas Chotana , Qandeel Almas
The rising concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has intensified efforts to convert it into value-added chemicals. Among various strategies, the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates represents an atom-efficient and industrially relevant transformation. This review provides a mechanism-anchored survey of thermocatalytic CO2 activation by d-block metal complexes, focusing on developments over the past fifteen years. Particular attention is paid to how oxidation state, ligand architecture, and/or secondary coordination sphere affect activity and selectivity. Both terminal and internal epoxides are evaluated to highlight performance gaps and design priorities. Key ligand families, including salen and salophen scaffolds, Schiff bases, porphyrins, and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), have enabled significant advances, with electronic tuning and steric design improving reactivity under mild conditions (≤100 °C, ≤5 bar CO2). Bimetallic and multinuclear complexes are highlighted for their synergistic behavior, which impacts turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) while broadening substrate scope. Mechanistic insights are evaluated to identify rate-determining steps and to guide rational catalyst design. The review also benchmarks representative systems across the d-block, identifying state-of-the-art examples as models for future development. Persistent challenges, including reliance on harsh conditions (>120 °C, >10 bar CO2), low enantioselectivity, limited activity with internal epoxides, and catalyst recyclability, are discussed alongside emerging directions such as secondary-sphere engineering, halide-free nucleophiles, and integration with CO2 capture. Together, these perspectives outline pathways toward efficient and industrially viable d-block catalysts for CO2 utilization.
大气中二氧化碳浓度的上升促使人们加大了将其转化为增值化学品的努力。在各种策略中,二氧化碳与环氧化物的环加成生产环状碳酸盐代表了原子效率和工业相关的转变。本文综述了d-嵌段金属配合物热催化CO2活化的机理,重点介绍了过去15年的研究进展。特别关注氧化态、配体结构和/或次级配位球如何影响活性和选择性。对终端和内部环氧化物进行评估,以突出性能差距和设计优先级。关键配体家族,包括salen和salophen支架,希夫碱,卟啉和n -杂环碳化合物(NHCs),已经取得了重大进展,电子调谐和空间设计提高了在温和条件下(≤100°C,≤5 bar CO2)的反应性。双金属和多核配合物因其协同行为而受到关注,这影响了周转数(TON)和周转频率(TOF),同时扩大了底物范围。机理的见解进行评估,以确定速率决定步骤,并指导合理的催化剂设计。该审查还对整个d块的代表性系统进行了基准测试,确定了最先进的例子作为未来发展的模型。持续存在的挑战,包括对恶劣条件(120°C, 10 bar CO2)的依赖,低对映选择性,与内部环氧化物的有限活性以及催化剂的可回收性,以及新兴方向,如二次球工程,无卤化物亲核试剂和与CO2捕集的集成。总之,这些观点概述了通往高效和工业上可行的二氧化碳利用d段催化剂的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Well-defined group 12 metal complexes for CO2 functionalisation 明确定义的12族金属配合物,用于CO2功能化
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217636
Geetika Gupta , Sandip Munshi , Samuel Dagorne
The present contribution comprehensively reviews well-defined group 12 metal complexes that react with CO2, an area primarily dominated by Zn(II) complexes. Discrete Zn(II) complexes have received significant attention for both stoichiometric and catalytic CO2 functionalisation over the past 15 years, although initial stoichiometric studies in this area date back to the 1980s. Catalytic Zn-based CO2 functionalisation, most notably including hydrosilylation/boration catalysis and cyclic carbonates formation from CO2 and epoxides, has recently been extensively studied. Very recent developments on the use of Zn-based systems for electro- and photocatalytic CO2 reduction catalysis are also noteworthy. Besides its chronological importance, stoichiometric CO2 fixation by various Zn species remains an attractive research line, for instance, to better understand the structure and function of Zn-containing enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase. The diverse aspects of Zn-based CO2 functionalisation, along with the associated Zn complexes, are thus discussed herein. Finally, the few Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes known to react with CO2 are reviewed.
目前的贡献全面回顾了定义明确的与CO2反应的12族金属配合物,主要是锌(II)配合物。在过去的15年中,离散Zn(II)配合物在化学计量学和催化CO2功能化方面受到了极大的关注,尽管该领域的初步化学计量学研究可以追溯到20世纪80年代。催化锌基CO2功能化,最著名的包括硅氢化/硼化催化和二氧化碳和环氧化物形成环碳酸盐,最近得到了广泛的研究。最近在电和光催化CO2还原催化中使用锌基系统的进展也值得注意。除了时间上的重要性外,各种Zn物种的化学计量二氧化碳固定仍然是一个有吸引力的研究方向,例如,更好地了解含锌酶(如碳酸酐酶)的结构和功能。因此,本文讨论了锌基CO2功能化的各个方面,以及相关的锌配合物。最后,回顾了已知的几种与CO2反应的Cd(II)和Hg(II)配合物。
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引用次数: 0
Programmable Zn-based nanozymes 可编程锌基纳米酶
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217630
Xingtan Zhu , Yanguo Guo , Tiedong Sun
Programmable nanocatalytic systems represent an emerging frontier that integrates nanotechnology, catalytic science, and stimuli-responsive materials to achieve precise control over catalytic behaviors through the synergistic interplay of external stimuli and internal modular architectures. Among various nanozymes, Zn-based nanozymes have recently gained significant research attention owing to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and highly tunable catalytic properties. This review presents a survey of programmable nanocatalytic systems driven by Zn-based nanozymes, covering recent advances in synthesis strategies, modular design principles, and mechanisms for precise catalytic regulation. It also explores their diverse applications across biomedical, environmental, and energy-related fields. Furthermore, the review provides a critical discussion on prevailing challenges and future research directions, spanning from fundamental mechanistic studies to the rational design of efficient, stable, and translation-ready systems. By consolidating current knowledge and highlighting pathways for innovation, this work aims to serve as a foundational reference for accelerating the development and practical deployment of Zn-based nanozyme technologies.
可编程纳米催化系统代表了一个新兴的前沿,它集成了纳米技术、催化科学和刺激反应材料,通过外部刺激和内部模块化结构的协同相互作用来实现对催化行为的精确控制。在各种纳米酶中,锌基纳米酶因其优异的生物相容性、低毒性和高度可调的催化性能而受到广泛关注。本文综述了锌基纳米酶驱动的可编程纳米催化系统,涵盖了合成策略、模块化设计原则和精确催化调节机制的最新进展。它还探讨了它们在生物医学、环境和能源相关领域的各种应用。此外,本文还对当前的挑战和未来的研究方向进行了批判性的讨论,从基础机制研究到高效、稳定和可翻译的系统的合理设计。通过巩固现有知识和突出创新途径,本工作旨在为加速锌基纳米酶技术的开发和实际应用提供基础参考。
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引用次数: 0
Graphitic carbon nitride nano-sheets and their composites for next generation emerging electrochemical devices: Fundamentals, material modifications and architectural design 用于新一代新兴电化学器件的石墨氮化碳纳米片及其复合材料:基本原理,材料修改和建筑设计
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217658
Valentine Chikaodili Anadebe , Collince Omondi Awere , Abhinay Thakur , Vinoth Selvaraj , Tolulope Oluokun , Bakang M. Mothudi , Bhekie B. Mamba , Eno E. Ebenso
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is a versatile 2D polymeric material characterized by distinctive physicochemical features, including abundant nitrogen functionality, tunable structure, excellent thermal and chemical stability. In this review, the cutting edge progress of g-C3N4 and its composites for next generation elelctrochemical devices were comprehensively summarized, including material modification strategies, such as elemental doping, defect engineering, heterostructure formation, and nanocomposite fabrication, alongside architectural design approaches, such as hierarchical frameworks, porous assemblies, and hybrid nanostructures. In contrast to earlier studies, it bridges the knowledge gap between laboratory-scale synthesis and practical application by highlighting both fundamental problems and workable answers. By correlating structural, electronic, and interfacial features with electrochemical performance, we provide a cohesive structure–property–function map that bridges fundamental understanding and practical device implementation. Furthermore, a strong link between device-level performance and nanoscale design principles is established by considering hybrid nanoscale assemblies, porous frameworks, and hierarchical designs. Although a more thorough integration of theoretical predictions with experimentally discovered differences would further enhance its scientific rigor, the work also leverages computational insights. Finally, this review provides the critical gaps in scalability, stability, and interfacial engineering, and proposes strategic directions for future research, highlighting the potential of g-C3N4-based systems to advance high-performance electrochemical technologies.
石墨氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)是一种用途广泛的二维高分子材料,具有独特的物理化学特性,包括丰富的氮官能团、可调节的结构、优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性。本文综述了用于下一代电化学器件的g-C3N4及其复合材料的最新进展,包括材料改性策略,如元素掺杂、缺陷工程、异质结构形成和纳米复合材料制造,以及建筑设计方法,如分层框架、多孔组件和混合纳米结构。与早期的研究相比,它通过强调基本问题和可行的答案,弥合了实验室规模合成和实际应用之间的知识差距。通过将结构,电子和界面特征与电化学性能相关联,我们提供了一个具有凝聚力的结构-属性-功能图,连接了基础理解和实际设备实现。此外,通过考虑混合纳米级组件、多孔框架和分层设计,建立了器件级性能和纳米级设计原则之间的紧密联系。尽管将理论预测与实验发现的差异更彻底地结合将进一步提高其科学严谨性,但这项工作也利用了计算洞察力。最后,本文综述了在可扩展性、稳定性和界面工程方面的关键差距,并提出了未来研究的战略方向,强调了基于g- c3n4的系统在推进高性能电化学技术方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Donor-acceptor type metal-organic frameworks: Synthesis, unique advantages, and applications 施受体型金属有机骨架:合成、独特优势及应用
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217631
Hong-Guang Jin , Yong-Tao Liu , Peng-Cheng Zhao , Huapeng Sun
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become one of the star materials in diverse fields benefiting from their obvious advantages of tailorable topology structures, adjustable pore sizes, and abundant active sites. However, the intrinsic charge and energy transfer (CT and EnT) efficiencies of MOFs are still limited due to the lack of specific CT and EnT pathways that leads to inevitable charge recombination and energy loss. In recent years, to tackle this issue, the donor-acceptor (D-A) type MOFs with integrated electron/energy donor and acceptor units wherein extended carrier lifetime could be achieved, have made great progress. In this review, the synthetic strategies of D-A type MOFs are first outlined. Then the unique advantages of D-A type MOFs including photo- and electroconductivity are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of D-A type MOFs in luminophores, fluorescent sensors, photocatalysis, photothermal conversion, magnetism, and X-ray detection and imaging are systematically summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects on the development of D-A MOFs are presented. This review aims to inspire more incisive research in the design and development of D-A MOFs with improved performance for multifunctional applications.
金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)因其具有可定制的拓扑结构、可调节的孔径和丰富的活性位点等明显的优势,已成为众多领域的明星材料之一。然而,由于缺乏特定的CT和EnT途径,导致不可避免的电荷重组和能量损失,mof的固有电荷和能量转移(CT和EnT)效率仍然有限。近年来,为了解决这一问题,将电子/能量给体和受体单元集成在一起的给体-受体(D-A)型mof取得了很大进展,从而延长了载流子寿命。本文首先概述了D-A型mof的合成策略。然后讨论了D-A型MOFs的独特优点,包括光导电性和电导性。随后,系统总结了D-A型mof在发光团、荧光传感器、光催化、光热转换、磁性、x射线探测与成像等方面的应用。最后,对D-A mof的发展面临的挑战和前景进行了展望。本文综述的目的是为了激发更深入的研究,以设计和开发具有更高性能的多功能多功能mof。
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引用次数: 0
Nanotechnology for single-cell bacterial activity monitoring 单细胞细菌活性监测的纳米技术
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217645
Fangbin Xiao , Tao Yang , Miral Javed , Chaoyong Yang , Xingyu Lin
Bacterial infections are one of the main threats to human health, and the rapid, highly sensitive monitoring of bacteria is crucial for ensuring public health safety. However, most reviews have focused on discussing the progress of bacterial identification and sensing technologies, overlooking the significance of monitoring bacterial activity. In recent years, advanced nanotechnologies based on optical, electrochemical, and spatiotemporal resolved imaging have rapidly developed and been applied to the monitoring of bacterial activity at the single-cell resolution, providing powerful tools for high-resolution bacterial analysis. Here, the progress and application of advanced nanotechnologies for monitoring bacterial activity at the single-cell resolution are comprehensively reviewed. We comprehensively discuss the behaviors of single bacterial activity (including nanovibration, motion, bioelectricity, growth, and metabolism), coordination engineering strategies for improving the sensing performance of nanomaterials, and the latest developments in advanced nanotechnologies for monitoring various physiological activities of bacteria, introducing their principles, performance, and applicability. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the application of advanced nanotechnologies in single-cell bacterial activity monitoring are proposed to guide the design and development of novel single-cell bacterial monitoring platforms.
细菌感染是人类健康的主要威胁之一,快速、高灵敏度的细菌监测对确保公共卫生安全至关重要。然而,大多数评论都集中在讨论细菌鉴定和传感技术的进展,忽视了监测细菌活性的重要性。近年来,基于光学、电化学和时空分辨成像的先进纳米技术迅速发展,并应用于单细胞分辨率的细菌活性监测,为高分辨率细菌分析提供了有力的工具。本文综述了先进纳米技术在单细胞分辨率下监测细菌活性的研究进展及其应用。我们全面讨论了单个细菌活动的行为(包括纳米振动、运动、生物电、生长和代谢),提高纳米材料传感性能的协调工程策略,以及用于监测细菌各种生理活动的先进纳米技术的最新进展,介绍了它们的原理、性能和适用性。最后,提出了先进纳米技术在单细胞细菌活性监测中的应用面临的挑战和前景,以指导新型单细胞细菌监测平台的设计和开发。
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引用次数: 0
Nanoscale covalent organic frameworks for drug delivery: Linking structure and surface to stimuli-responsive release 用于药物递送的纳米级共价有机框架:连接结构和表面以刺激反应释放
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217617
Ghasem Rezanejade Bardajee , Hossein Mahmoodian , Amirhosein Amini , Mahdieh Sharifi , Mohsen Adeli , Rajender Boddula
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), particularly nanoscale COFs (NCOFs), have emerged as architecturally precise, metal-free nanocarriers with the potential to mitigate persistent limitations of conventional delivery platforms, including premature leakage, dilution-driven destabilization, and limited microenvironmental responsiveness, in appropriately designed systems. High loading, prolonged retention, and stimulus-triggered release have been reported, enabled by crystalline, permanent porosity combined with chemically programmable backbones and pore surfaces. In this review, a chemically grounded design framework is presented in which drug-delivery performance is linked to three interdependent variables: linkage chemistry, by which the balance between stability and triggerability is defined, namely, acid-labile, redox-responsive, ROS-responsive, or long-lived backbones; framework architecture and pore geometry, by which surface area, diffusion pathways, confinement, and partitioning are regulated; and surface and interface engineering, including postsynthetic modification (PSM), polymer coronas, and ligand decoration, by which colloidal stability, pharmacokinetics, protein corona formation, and cellular trafficking are governed. Although discussed as three variables for clarity, they are frequently coupled in practice; for instance, surface functionalization or polymer coronas can alter adequate pore accessibility and apparent crystallinity, and defects or terminations can dominate local binding environments and transport pathways.
Mechanistic design routes are summarized for representative linkages and architectures, including 2D and 3D frameworks, core and shell particles, nanosheets, nanofibers, and hollow constructs, and the resulting impacts on loading capacity, retention strength, and on-demand release under pH, redox, and ROS, light, or enzymatic cues are synthesized across reported studies. Practical considerations affecting the transferability of conclusions, including mass-balanced loading and release, trigger validation, stability budgets, and benchmarkable characterization packages, are highlighted alongside scalability and biointerface constraints. Actionable guidelines are provided for the rational selection of linkage, architecture, and surface and interfacial chemistry to engineer NCOF nanocarriers toward robust circulation and spatially and temporally programmed drug release.
共价有机框架(COFs),特别是纳米级COFs (NCOFs),已经成为一种结构精确、无金属的纳米载体,在适当设计的系统中,有可能减轻传统输送平台的持续局限性,包括过早泄漏、稀释驱动的不稳定和有限的微环境响应性。据报道,通过结晶、永久孔隙与化学可编程骨架和孔隙表面相结合,实现了高负载、长时间滞留和刺激触发释放。在这篇综述中,提出了一个基于化学的设计框架,其中药物传递性能与三个相互依存的变量相关联:连锁化学,通过它定义稳定性和可触发性之间的平衡,即酸不稳定、氧化还原反应、ros反应或长寿命骨架;框架结构和孔隙几何形状,通过它们可以调节表面积、扩散路径、约束和分区;表面和界面工程,包括合成后修饰(PSM)、聚合物冠和配体修饰,通过这些修饰,胶体稳定性、药代动力学、蛋白质冠形成和细胞运输受到控制。虽然为了清楚起见,我们将它们作为三个变量来讨论,但它们在实践中经常是耦合的;例如,表面功能化或聚合物电晕可以改变足够的孔隙可达性和明显的结晶度,缺陷或终止可以支配局部结合环境和运输途径。本文总结了具有代表性的连接和结构的机械设计路线,包括2D和3D框架、核和壳颗粒、纳米片、纳米纤维和空心结构,并综合了这些研究对负载能力、保持强度和pH、氧化还原和ROS、光或酶线索下的按需释放的影响。影响结论可转移性的实际考虑因素,包括质量平衡加载和释放、触发验证、稳定性预算和基准表征包,以及可扩展性和生物界面限制。为合理选择链接、结构、表面和界面化学来设计nof纳米载体,以实现稳健的循环和空间和时间程序化的药物释放,提供了可操作的指导方针。
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引用次数: 0
Chiral nanomaterials for oncology and beyond: advancing disease treatment 用于肿瘤及其他领域的手性纳米材料:推进疾病治疗
IF 23.5 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2026-05-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217644
Jie Feng , Ya-Nan Zhai , Zhi-Lin Dong, Yan Geng, Yu-Bin Dong
Chirality plays a fundamentally significant yet enigmatic role in governing essential chemical and biological processes. Over recent decades, researchers have widely studied the origin of chirality and its properties, extending chirality from molecules to inherently chiral nanoparticles and further to sophisticated chiral assemblies integrating organic materials, metals, semiconductors, and their hybrid systems. Notably, chiral nanomaterials exhibit superior biocompatibility that closely mimics native biological environments, offering distinct advantages for biomedical applications, and widely enhancing the efficacy of existing nanomaterials therapeutic regimens. With the rapid advancement of chiral nanomaterials in medicine and related fields, the selective interactions between chiral structures and biological systems and the mechanisms by which chirality regulates biological processes are being investigated at unprecedented depth, establishing a robust foundation for the functional exploitation of chiral nanomaterials. This review systematically examines the current classification methods, research progress, and therapeutic applications of chiral nanomaterials, with a special focus on their emerging advantages in cancer treatment. It also explores the transformative potential of chirality in existing nanotherapeutic strategies for cancer. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying chirality-dependent therapeutic effects are discussed, along with potential challenges in clinical translation. Current evidence strongly indicates that chiral nanomaterials will play an increasingly critical role in the development of biomedical technologies. Collectively, these advancements pave the way for next-generation cancer treatment methods based on chiral nanotechnology.
手性在控制基本的化学和生物过程中起着重要而神秘的作用。近几十年来,研究人员对手性的起源及其性质进行了广泛的研究,将手性从分子扩展到固有的手性纳米粒子,并进一步扩展到集成有机材料、金属、半导体及其混合系统的复杂手性组件。值得注意的是,手性纳米材料表现出优异的生物相容性,可以模仿天然生物环境,为生物医学应用提供了独特的优势,并广泛增强了现有纳米材料治疗方案的功效。随着手性纳米材料在医学及相关领域的快速发展,手性结构与生物系统之间的选择性相互作用以及手性调控生物过程的机制正得到前所未有的深入研究,为手性纳米材料的功能开发奠定了坚实的基础。本文系统地综述了手性纳米材料的分类方法、研究进展和治疗应用,重点介绍了手性纳米材料在癌症治疗中的新优势。它还探讨了手性在现有的纳米癌症治疗策略中的变革潜力。此外,本文还讨论了手性依赖性治疗效果的潜在机制,以及临床转化中的潜在挑战。目前的证据有力地表明,手性纳米材料将在生物医学技术的发展中发挥越来越重要的作用。总的来说,这些进步为基于手性纳米技术的下一代癌症治疗方法铺平了道路。
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Coordination Chemistry Reviews
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