Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2021.1952028
Liliya Dashevski
ABSTRACT This essay analyzes Zoya Cherkassky’s early project, first presented in 2003, titled Collection Judaica (Kolektziyat yudaikah). I examine Collection Judaica not only in relation to Jewish art history, but also in the context of immigration studies. Collection Judaica aimed to explore Jewish self-perception “through an antisemitic gaze.” By means of defamiliarization (ostranenie), Cherkassky enables her viewers to feel a strong sense of alienation, as experienced by immigrants, from common Jewish practices. Her combination of Jewish and antisemitic visual materials complicates the attempt of creating “pure” Jewish art by stressing the visual danger and unattainability of such efforts.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2021.1952030
Lidia Zessin-Jurek
Jewish internationalism. According to Glaser, the Yiddish poets of her study sought to “build a new religious tradition, modeled on Judaism” that would be “consecrated through its affiliation with the Communist Party” (p. 2) This formulation, it appears, seems to share so much with the construction of the European Christian mission to “distant” and “exotic” souls across empires, Jews included. While many topics relating to Yiddish poets’ complex self-identification remain to be explored, Glaser has provided us with a fine start. The usefulness of this book extends beyond the scholar’s shelf to the classroom, where its contents will no doubt spur lively debate. Songs in Dark Times is an important and sensitive translation and analysis of overlooked poets traversing moral crises, pointing toward a critique that resists analogy while recognizing the full presence of Yiddish colonial and racial discourse from its inception in the 17th century until the present day.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2021.1952029
E. Rosenblatt
Which Yiddish past ought to inform contemporary Jewish values? This is the question Amelia M. Glaser sets out to answer in her intricate study of selected “Yiddish poetry of struggle” published in the 1930s in Communist-aligned periodicals. Glaser argues that these poems, borne out of solidarity with the global proletariat, make their non-Jewish subjects “metaphorically Jewish” through the use of “passwords” situated within Yiddish discourse—for instance, kateyger (“accusing angel”) to characterize the prosecutor of an accused Italian anarchist. For Glaser, formally complex techniques to admit non-Jewish “Others” into a Jewish fold constitute both a literary act of moral resistance against the ruling classes, and a positive expression of Jewish identity. Divided into six chapters, the book offers analyses of Yiddish poems that express solidarity with the executed anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti, Palestinian Arabs in Mandate-era Hebron, massacred Chinese workers, lynched African-Americans, the anti-fascist brigades in the Spanish Civil War, and the peasant figures of Ukraine’s national writer, Taras Shevchenko. At the book’s chronological close, Yiddish poems of teshuva (return) express solidarity with Jewish victims of genocide. The book concludes with a small corpus of expertly translated complete poems. “The Yiddish poets whose verse filled Communist Party journals during the long 1930s,” Glaser writes,
哪些意第绪语的过去应该影响当代犹太人的价值观?这就是阿米莉亚·m·格拉泽(Amelia M. Glaser)在她对20世纪30年代发表在与共产党结盟的期刊上的“意第绪语斗争诗歌”进行的复杂研究中要回答的问题。格拉泽认为，这些诗歌是出于对全球无产阶级的团结，通过使用意第绪语中的“密码”，使非犹太人的主题“隐喻性地犹太人”——例如，用kateyger(“指控天使”)来描述被指控的意大利无政府主义者的检察官。对格拉泽来说，接纳非犹太“他者”进入犹太群体的复杂技术，既构成了对统治阶级的道德抵抗的文学行为，也构成了对犹太人身份的积极表达。这本书分为六个章节，对意第绪诗进行了分析，这些诗表达了对被处决的无政府主义者萨科和万泽蒂、在希布伦的巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人、被屠杀的中国工人、被私刑处死的非裔美国人、西班牙内战中的反法西斯旅以及乌克兰民族作家塔拉斯·舍甫琴科的农民形象的声援。在该书按时间顺序排列的结尾处，意第绪语诗歌“回归”表达了对种族灭绝犹太受害者的声援。这本书的结尾是一小部分经过专业翻译的全集诗歌。“在漫长的20世纪30年代，意第绪语诗人的诗歌充斥着共产党的期刊，”格拉泽写道，
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2021.1952031
Hannah Pollin-Galay
he spent the remaining decades of his life (he died in 1971). He describes how he was urged to abandon his “anti-Soviet propaganda” because it allegedly besmirched the reputation of the USSR, the country that had stopped the Nazi advance and had supported establishment of the state of Israel. Notwithstanding, and unlike dozens of other former inmates who published their memoirs much later, Margolin did not succumb to pressure. He testified to Soviet crimes wherever could (for instance, at the Rousset libel trial in France in 1951), and he continued to write about the Gulag in his later publications. Margolin’s continued attempts to publish his manuscript in Israel, France, and the United States are noted in Timothy Snyder’s and Katherine R. Jolluck’s foreword and introduction to the English edition, as well as in the prefaces to earlier editions in other languages (the memoir was first published in French in 1949). Snyder highlights Margolin’s impatience with relativist approaches that essentially excused the Soviet system, and Jolluck adds interesting details concerning the philosopher’s postwar campaigning for the truth. This English edition, brought to press by Margolin’s son, Ephraim, and carefully translated by Stefani Hoffman, joins previous editions in Polish, German, and Hebrew that were published in the past decade. It also includes several additional chapters in a section titled “The Road to the West,” which detail Margolin’s re-emergence into the world of the living and his eventual return to Palestine. This was a journey in stages; among the depictions are those of Łódź, a city full of postwar ghosts, and a lively Paris, which Margolin described as greeting with his “toothless camp grin” (p. 554). From the time of his return to Palestine, Margolin felt a moral imperative to break through the wall of silence, sound an alarm, and “throw a lifebelt into the Soviet sea of injustice” (p. 576). While it is too late to alter the fate of Margolin’s fellow prisoners, this English edition of his memoir may play an important role in preserving the memory of millions of people of various nationalities and religions who perished in the Gulag – people who, “concealed from the human eye and human judgment,” (p. 525) had come to think that the outside world was nothing more than a dream.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2021.1952024
Maya Balakirsky Katz
ABSTRACT This paper reconsiders the criticism to The Protocols of the Elders of Zion during its initial publication and after its resurgence during the 1917 Russian Revolution. It argues that scholars have overemphasized repudiations of the text’s archaic antisemitism and plagiarism at the expense of critiques focusing on its modernist invective against “media control.” The paper recovers the issue of the Russian Empire’s control of the media, which liberal thinkers identified as central to Protocols in its first three decades of circulation, followed by a consideration of Antonio Gramsci’s interwar theorization of media control as among the most salient efforts to respond to the text. In theoretical threads that would later be picked up by the intellectuals of the Frankfurt School, among others, Gramsci responded to Protocols’ core invective by espousing the need for progressive forces to take control over mass media.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2021.1956180
Karolina Szymaniak
ABSTRACT Nachman Blumental (1902–1983) belongs to a group of early Holocaust historians whose work is being rediscovered by contemporary scholars. Especially noteworthy is Blumental's work on the language of Holocaust victims and perpetrators. This article explores the connection between this work and Blumental's prewar studies in the field of Polish and Yiddish literary theory, focusing on his project of metaphorology, a comprehensive study of metaphor. The essay explores the place of Blumental's interwar project of metaphorology at the intersection of Polish and Yiddish scholarship at a time of rising nationalism in Poland, and investigates the way in which negotiations between the Polish and Jewish contexts shaped the project. It makes a case for the significance of the Eastern European literary theory to the contemporary cultural history of the Holocaust, and the importance of including Yiddish works into the broader history of modern literary theory in Eastern Europe.
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Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1878796
S. Gollance
{"title":"Stepchildren of the Shtetl: The Destitute, Disabled, and Mad of Jewish Eastern Europe, 1800–1939","authors":"S. Gollance","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2020.1878796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1878796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":"50 1","pages":"339 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2020.1878796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1796126
Jacob Ari Labendz
Due to the volume of materials published, brief summaries have been provided for selected titles only, either copied from or based upon texts from their publishers, followed by a list of additional books (only for the Czech section). Lists of selected Holocaust memoirs and local histories follow. This resource features books from 2017 that were not included into the list for 2015–2017 publish in vol. 50, no. 1–2.
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Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1878795
Tatjana Lichtenstein
{"title":"Židé v českých zemích po šoa: identita poraněné paměti (Jews in the Bohemian Lands after the Shoah: The Identity of Wounded Memory)","authors":"Tatjana Lichtenstein","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2020.1878795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1878795","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":"50 1","pages":"341 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2020.1878795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41819246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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