Abstract Porous Titanium (Ti) is a leading material applied in the maritime sector due to its durability, high stability, and resistance to seawater corrosion. In this study, highly porous Ti was fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process with NaCl as a pore-forming agent. The effects of sintering temperature on the material’s properties were systematically investigated. All samples were sintered under a pressing pressure of 40 MPa for 10 minutes, with sintering temperatures varying from 575 ºC to 675 ºC and a heating rate of 100 ºC /min in a vacuum. The as-sintered samples were characterized for porosity, microstructure, phase composition, elemental distribution, and compressive strength. The results revealed that pore size and porosity gradually decreased as the sintering temperature increased. The sample, sintered at 40 MPa and 575 ºC, demonstrated a high porosity exceeding 60%. The pore size distribution was predominantly within the 50-150 µm range, and the material achieved a compressive strength of approximately 185 MPa. This combination of parameters, along with a uniform, interconnected pore network, provides high mechanical stability, resistance to strong vibrations, and exceptional corrosion resistance. These characteristics make the material a highly promising candidate for filtration applications within Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS). The structure’s ability to withstand high pressure and minimize deformation enhances its efficacy, allowing it to efficiently filter out microorganisms larger than 150 µm, thereby improving the overall performance of ballast water treatment.
{"title":"Effect of sintering temperature on the fabrication of porous titanium by spark plasma sintering for environmental applications","authors":"Hao Van Pham, Tam Thanh Thi Dam, Trang Thuy Thi Nguyen, Viet Huy Nguyen, Thang Duc Nguyen, Vuong Hung Pham, Khanh Quoc Dang","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1565/1/012013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1565/1/012013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Porous Titanium (Ti) is a leading material applied in the maritime sector due to its durability, high stability, and resistance to seawater corrosion. In this study, highly porous Ti was fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process with NaCl as a pore-forming agent. The effects of sintering temperature on the material’s properties were systematically investigated. All samples were sintered under a pressing pressure of 40 MPa for 10 minutes, with sintering temperatures varying from 575 ºC to 675 ºC and a heating rate of 100 ºC /min in a vacuum. The as-sintered samples were characterized for porosity, microstructure, phase composition, elemental distribution, and compressive strength. The results revealed that pore size and porosity gradually decreased as the sintering temperature increased. The sample, sintered at 40 MPa and 575 ºC, demonstrated a high porosity exceeding 60%. The pore size distribution was predominantly within the 50-150 µm range, and the material achieved a compressive strength of approximately 185 MPa. This combination of parameters, along with a uniform, interconnected pore network, provides high mechanical stability, resistance to strong vibrations, and exceptional corrosion resistance. These characteristics make the material a highly promising candidate for filtration applications within Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS). The structure’s ability to withstand high pressure and minimize deformation enhances its efficacy, allowing it to efficiently filter out microorganisms larger than 150 µm, thereby improving the overall performance of ballast water treatment.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1565 1","pages":"012013-012013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1531/1/012019
Mohammed M. Jassim, Thaer O. Roomi, Yaseen K. Al-Timimi
Abstract There is still ambiguity in distinguishing dust storms from clouds in cloudy weather satellite images. This research addresses this challenge by developing and applying a new technique for detecting dust storms in cloudy weather over Iraq using the unique capabilities of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. Specifically, this study will focus on the thermal infrared bands of MODIS, particularly bands 29 (8.55 μm), 31 (11.03 μm), and 32 (12.02 μm) to detect dust events and isolate them from clouds. These bands are crucial because dust particles interact with thermal radiation differently than cloud particles and the Earth’s surface. By analyzing the brightness temperature difference (BTD) between these specific thermal infrared bands, it is possible to identify the distinct spectral signature of dust even when clouds obscure visible channels. Four specific dust events have been selected over Iraq on May 4th and 5th, 2025, to test this approach. For each day, we utilized daytime imagery from the Terra satellite and nighttime imagery from the Aqua satellite. We then processed the raw MODIS data from bands 29, 31, and 32 to generate RGB dust storm composite images. These RGB dust storm composites perfectly matched the forecasts and observations provided by well-established dust storm forecasting websites, strongly validating the effectiveness of our technique, and gave good results in isolating dust storms even in clouds presence, which was the primary goal of this research.
{"title":"A new Technique for Detecting Dust Storms in Cloudy Weather Over Iraq, A case Study","authors":"Mohammed M. Jassim, Thaer O. Roomi, Yaseen K. Al-Timimi","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1531/1/012019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1531/1/012019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is still ambiguity in distinguishing dust storms from clouds in cloudy weather satellite images. This research addresses this challenge by developing and applying a new technique for detecting dust storms in cloudy weather over Iraq using the unique capabilities of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. Specifically, this study will focus on the thermal infrared bands of MODIS, particularly bands 29 (8.55 μm), 31 (11.03 μm), and 32 (12.02 μm) to detect dust events and isolate them from clouds. These bands are crucial because dust particles interact with thermal radiation differently than cloud particles and the Earth’s surface. By analyzing the brightness temperature difference (BTD) between these specific thermal infrared bands, it is possible to identify the distinct spectral signature of dust even when clouds obscure visible channels. Four specific dust events have been selected over Iraq on May 4th and 5th, 2025, to test this approach. For each day, we utilized daytime imagery from the Terra satellite and nighttime imagery from the Aqua satellite. We then processed the raw MODIS data from bands 29, 31, and 32 to generate RGB dust storm composite images. These RGB dust storm composites perfectly matched the forecasts and observations provided by well-established dust storm forecasting websites, strongly validating the effectiveness of our technique, and gave good results in isolating dust storms even in clouds presence, which was the primary goal of this research.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1531 1","pages":"012019-012019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147884092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1489/1/012011
Aurelia Bianca Hanjaya, Gabriella Sagita Putri
Abstract The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of systems that must be executed and fulfilled in respected industries before 2030. Parallel with the goals, the circular economy has been an increasingly common conversation around sectors, specifically tourism. However, the United Nations’ vision is far easier said than done, notably in rural settings in Southeast Asia. This paper aims to use case-based alternatives to the circular economy in the form of sustainable tourism implementation in an Indonesian setting, taking the site of Wringinanom village in Malang, East Java. The set of practices covers multiple levels of branding approaches tied to tourist villages using a sequential exploratory strategy, discovering qualitative data, and escalating quantitative data based on the clarifications of the first. The paper argues that while branding enriched by sustainable tourism can be beneficial, it’s also complex and encapsulates several different challenges along the way. For paper employs a bibliometric analysis of ‘sustainable tourism’ concept as systematic literature review. Primary data gathered through surveys and experiments that assessed the relationship between variables of smart village behavioral intention and factors in branding. Data collection was carried out in the form of focus group discussions (FGD) with the target stakeholders of Wringinanom locals, such as Sub-District Head, Village Head, Village Secretary, Chairman or Administrator of the Karang Taruna Organization, Administrator or Manager of BUMDesmas (Village-Owned Enterprise), and Members of the Pokdarwis Community (Tourism Awareness Group). This leads to a proposed integrated branding strategy that finds how Wringinanom village poses the suitable characteristics to be a smart tourism village with the inhabitation of information and communication technology. For futher studies, it is highly recommended to customize strategies for crafting a circular economy model that accentuate the use of technology and its potential environmental benefits.
{"title":"Development of economic circular model to strengthen sustainable tourism village branding in Wringinanom Village, Malang","authors":"Aurelia Bianca Hanjaya, Gabriella Sagita Putri","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1489/1/012011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1489/1/012011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of systems that must be executed and fulfilled in respected industries before 2030. Parallel with the goals, the circular economy has been an increasingly common conversation around sectors, specifically tourism. However, the United Nations’ vision is far easier said than done, notably in rural settings in Southeast Asia. This paper aims to use case-based alternatives to the circular economy in the form of sustainable tourism implementation in an Indonesian setting, taking the site of Wringinanom village in Malang, East Java. The set of practices covers multiple levels of branding approaches tied to tourist villages using a sequential exploratory strategy, discovering qualitative data, and escalating quantitative data based on the clarifications of the first. The paper argues that while branding enriched by sustainable tourism can be beneficial, it’s also complex and encapsulates several different challenges along the way. For paper employs a bibliometric analysis of ‘sustainable tourism’ concept as systematic literature review. Primary data gathered through surveys and experiments that assessed the relationship between variables of smart village behavioral intention and factors in branding. Data collection was carried out in the form of focus group discussions (FGD) with the target stakeholders of Wringinanom locals, such as Sub-District Head, Village Head, Village Secretary, Chairman or Administrator of the Karang Taruna Organization, Administrator or Manager of BUMDesmas (Village-Owned Enterprise), and Members of the Pokdarwis Community (Tourism Awareness Group). This leads to a proposed integrated branding strategy that finds how Wringinanom village poses the suitable characteristics to be a smart tourism village with the inhabitation of information and communication technology. For futher studies, it is highly recommended to customize strategies for crafting a circular economy model that accentuate the use of technology and its potential environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1489 1","pages":"012011-012011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012009
Jenan M. Al-Kawaz, Fakir magtoof Al-zubaidy, Hana Alharbi
Abstract The current study attempt to identify the healing activities of esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan as well as mixture from curcumin and chitosan on gastric ulceration induced by ethanol in female rats. this study included 30 rats, their average weight ranged between (195.600-198.600 gm) separated into 2 control groups and 4 treated groups each group contained 5 rats. all groups treated for 5 days after last dose from ethanol. After the experiment has been over, the body was weighed before and after the end of the experiment. The therapeutic effects of esomeprazole, chitosan, curcumin and mixture were identified by comparing the volume and pH of gastric juice, ulcer index as well as curative index. The results of the current study showed that percentage change in body weight means decreased significantly in treated group with curcumin compared to the positive control group. While in the case of the esomeprazole, chitosan and mixture there was no significant change compared with the positive control group. In addition, the results indicated a significant decreased in the ulcer index values and volume of gastric juice in esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan and mixture in comparison with the positive control group. By comparing the immunohistochemical investigation of the PGE2 expressions in gastric tissue, the development of gastric ulcers was analyzed.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Investigation of Prostaglandin E2 During the Healing of Experimentally Gastric Ulceration in Rats","authors":"Jenan M. Al-Kawaz, Fakir magtoof Al-zubaidy, Hana Alharbi","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study attempt to identify the healing activities of esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan as well as mixture from curcumin and chitosan on gastric ulceration induced by ethanol in female rats. this study included 30 rats, their average weight ranged between (195.600-198.600 gm) separated into 2 control groups and 4 treated groups each group contained 5 rats. all groups treated for 5 days after last dose from ethanol. After the experiment has been over, the body was weighed before and after the end of the experiment. The therapeutic effects of esomeprazole, chitosan, curcumin and mixture were identified by comparing the volume and pH of gastric juice, ulcer index as well as curative index. The results of the current study showed that percentage change in body weight means decreased significantly in treated group with curcumin compared to the positive control group. While in the case of the esomeprazole, chitosan and mixture there was no significant change compared with the positive control group. In addition, the results indicated a significant decreased in the ulcer index values and volume of gastric juice in esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan and mixture in comparison with the positive control group. By comparing the immunohistochemical investigation of the PGE2 expressions in gastric tissue, the development of gastric ulcers was analyzed.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1449 1","pages":"012009-012009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1436/1/012010
Aldiano Rahmadya, Ni Luh Kartini, Fajar Setiawan, H A Rustini, Astried Sunaryani, Arianto Budi Santoso, Sulung Nomosatryo
Abstract One important ecological parameter in lake management is chlorophyll a. However, precise quantification of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations is crucial for ecological research and assessing water quality. Chlorophyll-a data measured using CTD still require calibration and cannot be directly utilized. This study presents a robust calibration method for Chl-a measurements obtained from CTD data loggers, enhancing data reliability. The observation was performed by conducting a series of calculations to determine the relationship between two chlorophyll-a concentrations measured from the spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods in Lake Batur. The result showed that the linear regression analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between Chl-a concentrations from both methods (R 2 =0.828). This relationship facilitated the correction of Chl-a measurements from the fluorometric method. Fluorometric measurements depict a gradual increase in chlorophyll-a concentration from the surface to the Secchi depth, followed by a decline to near-zero levels below 20 meters in Lake Batur. Examining the vertical distribution of Chl-a challenged conventional understanding, as Chl-a concentrations remained high below the euphotic depth. This anomaly may result due to this method still measuring Chl-a in dead phytoplankton, prompting further investigation. Moreover, calibrated Chl-a measurements were employed to assess Lake Batur’s trophic state, classifying it as meso-eutrophic to eutrophic based on Chl-a concentrations. This research contributes to enhancing data accuracy and promoting scientific understanding of aquatic environments, bridging the gap between data acquisition and ecological interpretation. These findings provide a foundation for policymaking in comprehensive lake management.
{"title":"Assessing vertical chlorophyll-a distribution in Lake Batur: A spectrophotometric calibration of CTD data logger measurements","authors":"Aldiano Rahmadya, Ni Luh Kartini, Fajar Setiawan, H A Rustini, Astried Sunaryani, Arianto Budi Santoso, Sulung Nomosatryo","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1436/1/012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1436/1/012010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One important ecological parameter in lake management is chlorophyll a. However, precise quantification of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations is crucial for ecological research and assessing water quality. Chlorophyll-a data measured using CTD still require calibration and cannot be directly utilized. This study presents a robust calibration method for Chl-a measurements obtained from CTD data loggers, enhancing data reliability. The observation was performed by conducting a series of calculations to determine the relationship between two chlorophyll-a concentrations measured from the spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods in Lake Batur. The result showed that the linear regression analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between Chl-a concentrations from both methods (R 2 =0.828). This relationship facilitated the correction of Chl-a measurements from the fluorometric method. Fluorometric measurements depict a gradual increase in chlorophyll-a concentration from the surface to the Secchi depth, followed by a decline to near-zero levels below 20 meters in Lake Batur. Examining the vertical distribution of Chl-a challenged conventional understanding, as Chl-a concentrations remained high below the euphotic depth. This anomaly may result due to this method still measuring Chl-a in dead phytoplankton, prompting further investigation. Moreover, calibrated Chl-a measurements were employed to assess Lake Batur’s trophic state, classifying it as meso-eutrophic to eutrophic based on Chl-a concentrations. This research contributes to enhancing data accuracy and promoting scientific understanding of aquatic environments, bridging the gap between data acquisition and ecological interpretation. These findings provide a foundation for policymaking in comprehensive lake management.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1436 1","pages":"012010-012010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1419/1/012004
T H Budianto, Syafrudin Syafrudin, Agus Hartoko
Abstract The content of heavy metals Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb in agricultural irrigation water and precast tin mining soil revealed that heavy metal concentration levels had exceeded the safe limit according to health standards. The concentration of these heavy metal coils affects plant growth and the quality of agricultural products. Analysis methods used include atomic absorption spectrophotometer and flame emission spectrometry. Data collection from various literature sources that discussed the content of heavy metals in the former tin mine area. The study revealed Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn in water and agricultural rice field soil according to the quality standard, and the Pb level in irrigated water and soil was quite high, more than 0.1 mg/L, exceeding the limit set by the quality standard. High heavy metal concentrations in post-tin mining areas can endanger human health and the environment. Comprehensive recovery efforts are needed to reduce the content of heavy metals in post-tin mining farmland so that water and soil quality can be improved.
{"title":"Analysis of Heavy Metal Content of Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb in Agricultural Irrigation Water and Soil After Tin Mining","authors":"T H Budianto, Syafrudin Syafrudin, Agus Hartoko","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1419/1/012004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1419/1/012004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The content of heavy metals Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb in agricultural irrigation water and precast tin mining soil revealed that heavy metal concentration levels had exceeded the safe limit according to health standards. The concentration of these heavy metal coils affects plant growth and the quality of agricultural products. Analysis methods used include atomic absorption spectrophotometer and flame emission spectrometry. Data collection from various literature sources that discussed the content of heavy metals in the former tin mine area. The study revealed Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn in water and agricultural rice field soil according to the quality standard, and the Pb level in irrigated water and soil was quite high, more than 0.1 mg/L, exceeding the limit set by the quality standard. High heavy metal concentrations in post-tin mining areas can endanger human health and the environment. Comprehensive recovery efforts are needed to reduce the content of heavy metals in post-tin mining farmland so that water and soil quality can be improved.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"1419 1","pages":"012004-012004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147898883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012086
H. C. Eaw, I. Y. Loebiantoro, K. P. Jap, E. S. A. Shakur, A. Voon
In light of increasing concerns about environmental issues and a heightened focus on green stocks prompted by global warming and the COVID-19 pandemic, this research study aims to analyse the determinants influencing the investment intentions of working adults in Sarawak, Malaysia, regarding green stocks. This study emphasises comprehending how factors such as attitudes, social influences, affect, and perceived customer effectiveness impact the investment intentions of working adults in green stocks. This research adopts a quantitative methodology, employing hypothesis testing to analyse data obtained from 150 respondents in East Malaysia, who were selected using a convenience sampling technique and responded through a Google Form. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27, with a comprehensive assessment of variable validity and reliability through various tests. Six hypotheses were formulated to establish a significant correlation between the dependent variable intention to invest in green stocks and the independent variables’ social factors, attitude, affect, perceived customer effectiveness, and financial literacy. Four independent variables significantly influence the dependent variable when investing in green stocks. Further, perceived customer effectiveness directly impacts investors’ intentions. Thus, financial literacy indirectly influences the intention to invest in green stocks through its mediation with attitude. The findings result in practical implications related to the determinants of green stock investment intention among working-age adults in Sarawak. To begin with, this study contributes to the body of knowledge concerning green investments by investigating the factors influencing the Sarawak residents’ intention to invest in green stocks, utilising the theory of interpersonal behaviour. Previous research has predominantly relied on the theory of reasoned action and the “theory of planned behaviour” to elucidate the factors impacting green investment intention. Therefore, this study’s adoption of the theory of interpersonal behaviour offers a special perspective and potential reference for future researchers. The knowledge gained from this study is pertinent to a broad spectrum of stakeholders, encompassing policymakers, government, professionals, and educators. It offers valuable insights that can shape decision-making and the development of strategic initiatives within green investments.
{"title":"Green stock investment preferences among adult investors in east Malaysia","authors":"H. C. Eaw, I. Y. Loebiantoro, K. P. Jap, E. S. A. Shakur, A. Voon","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012086","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In light of increasing concerns about environmental issues and a heightened focus on green stocks prompted by global warming and the COVID-19 pandemic, this research study aims to analyse the determinants influencing the investment intentions of working adults in Sarawak, Malaysia, regarding green stocks. This study emphasises comprehending how factors such as attitudes, social influences, affect, and perceived customer effectiveness impact the investment intentions of working adults in green stocks. This research adopts a quantitative methodology, employing hypothesis testing to analyse data obtained from 150 respondents in East Malaysia, who were selected using a convenience sampling technique and responded through a Google Form. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27, with a comprehensive assessment of variable validity and reliability through various tests. Six hypotheses were formulated to establish a significant correlation between the dependent variable intention to invest in green stocks and the independent variables’ social factors, attitude, affect, perceived customer effectiveness, and financial literacy. Four independent variables significantly influence the dependent variable when investing in green stocks. Further, perceived customer effectiveness directly impacts investors’ intentions. Thus, financial literacy indirectly influences the intention to invest in green stocks through its mediation with attitude. The findings result in practical implications related to the determinants of green stock investment intention among working-age adults in Sarawak. To begin with, this study contributes to the body of knowledge concerning green investments by investigating the factors influencing the Sarawak residents’ intention to invest in green stocks, utilising the theory of interpersonal behaviour. Previous research has predominantly relied on the theory of reasoned action and the “theory of planned behaviour” to elucidate the factors impacting green investment intention. Therefore, this study’s adoption of the theory of interpersonal behaviour offers a special perspective and potential reference for future researchers. The knowledge gained from this study is pertinent to a broad spectrum of stakeholders, encompassing policymakers, government, professionals, and educators. It offers valuable insights that can shape decision-making and the development of strategic initiatives within green investments.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"357 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012042
A. A. Agama, B. Sugiarto, Mokhtar, A. Kurniawan, A. S. Auzani, M. A. Wisnugraha, Z. B. Rahatwan, D. Prasetyo
Fuels for vehicles account for a large portion of the world’s total energy demand, which in turn leads to increased carbon emissions. Ethanol and methanol are a fuel with a simple carbon chain and OH- bonds. It has similar properties to gasoline, and ethanol can be made from the fermentation of plant carbohydrates, called bioethanol. The advantage of using bioethanol is that it contributes to carbon neutrality. This paper will investigate the use of three manually blended gasoline ethanol and methanol (GEM) fuels in a spark ignition engine to address cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV), knock potential, and emissions with lean blend conditions. In the experiments conducted, the air-fuel ratio was conditioned lean by utilizing an electronic control unit to adjust the injector spray duration. This experiment provides results that there is a potential for mild knocking on the use of alcohol fuel with lean fuel mixture conditions at engine speed 4000 RPM, while at engine speed 6000 RPM and 8000 RPM the use of GEM tends to be stable, but in the CCV results the increase in COV (coefficient of variation) value using GEM fuel tends to be more sloping, especially with the addition of more methanol. Emission results from the use of GEM produce top emission CO2 value obtained by the E5M15 mixture at λ=1.2 and an engine speed of 8000 RPM, with a value of 13.75% and then peak CO2 emissions at a value of λ = 1.2 whereas in the use of pure gasoline peak CO2 is at a value of λ = 1.1.
{"title":"Evaluating Lean Combustion Cycle Stability and Emissions in Spark Ignition Engines with Gasoline, Ethanol, and Methanol Blends","authors":"A. A. Agama, B. Sugiarto, Mokhtar, A. Kurniawan, A. S. Auzani, M. A. Wisnugraha, Z. B. Rahatwan, D. Prasetyo","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fuels for vehicles account for a large portion of the world’s total energy demand, which in turn leads to increased carbon emissions. Ethanol and methanol are a fuel with a simple carbon chain and OH- bonds. It has similar properties to gasoline, and ethanol can be made from the fermentation of plant carbohydrates, called bioethanol. The advantage of using bioethanol is that it contributes to carbon neutrality. This paper will investigate the use of three manually blended gasoline ethanol and methanol (GEM) fuels in a spark ignition engine to address cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV), knock potential, and emissions with lean blend conditions. In the experiments conducted, the air-fuel ratio was conditioned lean by utilizing an electronic control unit to adjust the injector spray duration. This experiment provides results that there is a potential for mild knocking on the use of alcohol fuel with lean fuel mixture conditions at engine speed 4000 RPM, while at engine speed 6000 RPM and 8000 RPM the use of GEM tends to be stable, but in the CCV results the increase in COV (coefficient of variation) value using GEM fuel tends to be more sloping, especially with the addition of more methanol. Emission results from the use of GEM produce top emission CO2 value obtained by the E5M15 mixture at λ=1.2 and an engine speed of 8000 RPM, with a value of 13.75% and then peak CO2 emissions at a value of λ = 1.2 whereas in the use of pure gasoline peak CO2 is at a value of λ = 1.1.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012084
Ikhlas Ghiat, T. Al-Ansari
Predicting energy consumption in agricultural greenhouses is essential to effectively allocate resources, enhance plant growth, and minimize energy inefficiencies. Various factors affect the energy consumption inside the greenhouse including external climate conditions and internal microclimate. Proper understanding of these factors is crucial for maintaining an ideal growing environment and optimizing energy efficiency. This drives the need to investigate the interaction between these factors and greenhouse energy consumption, encompassing the energy needed for cooling and the supply of water and nutrients. This work aims at developing a dynamic model that predicts the total energy consumption of a closed agricultural greenhouse to improve microclimate control and energy efficiency. The study is conducted within a closed-loop agricultural greenhouse with no natural ventilation. Inside, the air is cooled and continuously circulated without being exchanged with ambient air through a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The data-driven model encompasses external climate parameters such solar radiation, ambient temperature, and relative humidity; along with microclimate parameters such as internal temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration to predict overall energy consumption. The study examines two machine learning models, deep neural networks (DNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), for forecasting energy consumption, and assesses their performance using the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the mean absolute error (MAE). Results reveal that the DNN model surpasses the XGBoost model, exhibiting a superior predictive performance with an R2 of 80.9%, RMSE of 171.1 kWh and MAE of 130.3 kWh. This study demonstrates its practicality in assisting with energy consumption analyses and identifying inefficient energy usage patterns within closed agricultural greenhouses.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012056
W. Hashim, S. M. Jamaludin, R. M. A. R. Mohamed, S. S. Gunasekaran, R. Thabit, H. Gohel
The noisier a region or city is, the faster the rate of global warming. Noise is not a substance. However, most sources of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are also sources of noise; for example, busy highways in cities can occasionally see as many as 100 cars per hour. Planting trees to mitigate noise pollution has been identified as one of the most sustainable methods to employ, since plants may function as a buffer and absorb sounds. Several plant species were chosen to assess noise absorption based on parameters such as leaf thickness, breadth, surface area, and length. The initial goal of this study is to estimate the noise absorption on the selected flora native to the Malaysian environment, where the noise was measured using an in-house developed impedance tube to discover the effective acoustic characteristics of leaves. The investigation was then carried on by assessing the data on the correlation coefficient parameter in order to determine the link between noise absorption and leaf features. Because of the freshness and perishability of the materials, measurements were repeated twice. Only 100% and 50% vegetation quantity size were measured for 10 sample species during the initial data collection. According to the findings, half of the leaves’ features were connected with noise absorption. This might be owing to the freshness state, which cannot be maintained for an extended period of time. To acquire a better value, the experiment was repeated within the permissible freshness time. The findings are as predicted, with the maximum noise absorption and features correlation at 100% plant density including twigs. When the vegetation amount is lowered to 50%, this will progressively diminish. The notion is confirmed by the fact that a tube packed with thicker samples absorbs more noise. The correlation study identifies that each leaf has its unique capacity for noise absorption dependent on its properties and freshness level.
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