Current Research in Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A survey on artificial intelligence use for myeloma and lymphoma management","authors":"Halima Mokeddem ,&nbsp;Layth Sliman ,&nbsp;Hachemi Nabil Dellys ,&nbsp;Saliha Artabaz ,&nbsp;Tamim Alsuliman","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hematological malignancies, particularly multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphomas, pose major clinical challenges due to their biological complexity and inter-patient heterogeneity. Although diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have evolved, significant gaps remain in the integration of multi-omics data, risk stratification, and treatment response prediction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This state-of-the-art review examines recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) applied to MM and lymphomas. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and specialized journals including the Journal of Hematology &amp; Oncology, Leukemia, and Blood for studies published between 2018 and 2024. After screening and full-text assessment, 50 studies met the inclusion criteria following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were selected based on methodological rigor and clinical relevance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AI models demonstrate robust capabilities across diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. Single-center studies report outstanding metrics, including AUCs up to 0.99 for myeloma lesion classification, while multicenter validation yields more conservative yet robust metrics. In both diseases, multimodal approaches consistently outperform unimodal models across all clinical applications. Despite these advances, key challenges in data diversity, technical heterogeneity, and model interpretability remain under active investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AI shows transformative potential for MM and lymphoma management, particularly through multimodal integration. Bridging the gap with clinical practice requires transparency, computational efficiency, and ethically grounded validation. In addition, close collaboration among clinicians, data scientists, and institutions is essential. These combined efforts are key to establishing AI as a reliable tool in everyday hematology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 2","pages":"Article 103588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of IGF2BP3 as a prognostic biomarker in chronic myeloid leukemia progression and disease stratification","authors":"Pragati Chauhan ,&nbsp;Saba Ubaid ,&nbsp;Mohammad Kashif ,&nbsp;Tanvi Singh ,&nbsp;Gaurav Singh ,&nbsp;Shailendra Prasad Verma ,&nbsp;Ranjana Singh ,&nbsp;Rashmi Kushwaha ,&nbsp;Vivek Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) progresses through chronic, accelerated, and blast crisis phases, posing challenges for disease stratification and predicting therapeutic response. IGF2BP3 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3) has recently gained attention as a potential prognostic biomarker due to its role in RNA stabilization and oncogenic signaling.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employed a multi-platform approach, utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting to assess IGF2BP3 expression in 121 CML patient samples across various disease phases. Statistical modeling (R-Studio) followed by Advanced artificial intelligence (ChatGPT 4.0) was employed to correlate IGF2BP3 expression with clinical parameters and therapeutic response outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IGF2BP3 expression showed a stepwise increase from the chronic to blast crisis phase, correlating with disease severity and therapeutic non-responsiveness. Both IHC staining intensity and serum IGF2BP3 levels were highest in blast crisis patients, findings further validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Statistical model (Chat GPT &amp; R-Studio) based regression modeling confirmed a strong association between IGF2BP3 levels, P210 translocation percentage, and blast count. Notably, patients who were non-responsive to therapy exhibited significantly elevated IGF2BP3 expression compared to responders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IGF2BP3 serves as a robust biomarker for disease progression and therapeutic resistance in CML. Elevated IGF2BP3 expression may identify patients at higher risk of poor treatment response and relapse, making it valuable for risk stratification and longitudinal disease monitoring. While this study does not address therapeutic targeting of IGF2BP3, its strong association with resistance phenotypes supports further exploration of IGF2BP3 as a predictive biomarker in precision hematologic oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 2","pages":"Article 103585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral CXCR4 inhibition with mavorixafor: Emerging therapeutic applications in WHIM syndrome, chronic neutropenia, oncology, and stem cell mobilization","authors":"Loi Huynh ,&nbsp;Chi Huu Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling axis plays a central role in regulating immune cell trafficking, hematopoietic homeostasis, and organogenesis. However, dysregulation of this axis contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, highlighting CXCR4 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy. Mavorixafor, the first orally available small-molecule CXCR4 antagonist, recently received FDA approval for WHIM syndrome (Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis) and is currently being developed for additional indications. Despite extensive research on CXCR4 biology, a comprehensive analysis of mavorixafor’s pharmacologic profiles and its performance in preclinical and clinical settings is lacking. This systematic review synthesizes the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of mavorixafor, summarizing evidence from various sources, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, conference proceedings, clinicaltrials.gov, and FDA resources. Mavorixafor demonstrates potent CXCR4 antagonism, rapid oral absorption, and a long half-life, enabling once-daily dosing. Clinically, it has been shown to increase neutrophil counts and reduce infection rates, contributing to its approval for WHIM syndrome. Early clinical studies in chronic neutropenia indicate sustained neutrophil elevation and decreased dependence on G-CSF. Additionally, emerging data suggest potential benefits in specific malignancies and its utility in mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, as well as in other immune-mediated disorders related to CXCR4 dysregulation. Furthermore, this review positions mavorixafor within the broader CXCR4-targeted therapeutic landscape, identifying current research gaps and suggesting directions for future studies. In conclusion, by integrating mechanistic insights with preclinical and clinical findings, this article highlights mavorixafor’s promise as a targeted therapy with the potential to transform treatment paradigms for CXCR4-driven diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 2","pages":"Article 103584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the rest period between sequential chemotherapy and conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high-risk myeloid malignancies","authors":"Valentin Amenta ,&nbsp;Anne Sonet ,&nbsp;Elodie Collinge ,&nbsp;François Dachy ,&nbsp;Cristina Baiana ,&nbsp;Benoît Bihin ,&nbsp;Xavier Poiré ,&nbsp;Carlos Graux","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r/rAML), high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Sequential conditioning, combining cytoreductive chemotherapy with reduced-intensity conditioning, was designed to reduce toxicity while preserving efficacy in frail patients. While numerous studies have evaluated different sequential regimens, the impact of rest period duration between the two phases remains unexplored. This bicentric retrospective study analyzed 82 allo-HSCT between 2013 and 2021, in patients with high-risk myeloid malignancies (median age 58 years). Short-bridge-to-transplant regimens (SBTT, n=44) with rest periods of 7 days or less, including the well-known FLAMSA-RIC, were compared to long-bridge-to-transplant regimens (LBTT, n=38) with rest periods longer than 7 days. After a median follow-up of 33 months, rest period duration did not significantly affect progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, relapse incidence or non-relapse mortality (NRM). Two-year PFS was 35.1% for SBTT versus 57.2% for LBTT (<em>aHR</em> 1.62; <em>P</em>=0.13). However, measurable residual disease-free survival (MRD-FS) was significantly improved with LBTT (<em>aHR</em> 2.15; <em>P</em>=0.02). Despite longer median aplasia, LBTT showed comparable complications and enabled more intensive chemotherapy without increased NRM. LBTT appears feasible and not inferior to SBTT, with a signal of improved MRD control that may reflect better temporal separation and management of treatment-related toxicities, safe delivery of higher-dose or more intensive chemotherapy, and potential leukemic cell-cycle synchronization effects. While center-specific practices and regimen heterogeneity limit definitive conclusions, these hypothesis-generating findings highlight an underexplored dimension of sequential conditioning and warrant further investigation in larger prospective studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 2","pages":"Article 103586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147657165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of published clinical studies using cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A focus on efficacy in COVID-19 and wound healing","authors":"An Duong ,&nbsp;Philippe Giguère ,&nbsp;Risa Shorr ,&nbsp;David S. Allan","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2025.103557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2025.103557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane-bound particles released from cells and offer promise in cell-based regenerative therapy. Preclinical research has propelled the launch of clinical trials with results from initial studies recently published. A systematic review is needed to evaluate trial designs, outcomes, product characterization and safety profiles to identify barriers and inform future research directions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of the literature was conducted (1946 to September 19, 2024) to identify clinical studies using cell-derived EVs. We extracted aspects of study design, diseases being treated, characteristics of trial subjects, isolation methods and characterization of EVs, details of product administration, main conclusions, and aspects of potential study bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-five published clinical trials were included for analysis. COVID-19 and associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were studied most frequently (<em>n</em> = 8, 32 %). Wound healing was the second largest disease category (<em>n</em> = 5, 20 %). Seven studies (28 %) were controlled trials. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were the most common source of EVs (20 studies, 80 %), with 494 patients receiving MSC-EVs for various indications. Most trials (68 %, <em>n</em> = 17) used ultracentrifugation as the primary method for EV isolation. An individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled COVID-19/ARDS trials investigating MSC-EVs (<em>n</em> = 3; 5 intervention groups) revealed an odds ratio (OR) for mortality of 0.46 (95 % CI 0.26 - 0.81; <em>p</em> = 0.0073). The benefits of EVs to improve wound healing are less clear with no controlled studies of MSC-EVs and no clear benefit reported in 2 controlled studies of other cell-based EVs. Although administration of EVs was generally well tolerated, safety conclusions remain preliminary given that only one serious adverse event was explicitly reported, and adverse event reporting was often incomplete.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Clinical trials of cell-derived EVs demonstrate marked heterogeneity but potential promise using MSC-EVs to treat COVID-19/ARDS, although efficacy in wound healing is less clear. More controlled studies are needed to optimize and confirm these initial results and to establish a more definitive understanding of the safety profile of EV therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"Article 103557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained remission in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma following Glofitamab discontinuation due to JC virus reactivation: balancing efficacy and infectious risk","authors":"Massimiliano Marinoni ,&nbsp;Lucrezia De Marchi ,&nbsp;Federico Meconi ,&nbsp;Alice Di Rocco ,&nbsp;Luca Franceschini ,&nbsp;Marco Iannetta ,&nbsp;Manuela Rizzo ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Postorino ,&nbsp;Adriano Venditti ,&nbsp;Fabiana Esposito","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2025.103549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2025.103549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The therapeutic landscape for relapsed/refractory diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) is expanding, with bispecific antibodies emerging as key treatment strategies. These drugs have demonstrated high efficacy in this setting of patient, but leading to prolonged immunosuppression, exposing patients to a high risk of infections. We describe a R/R DLBCL patient achieving complete remission (CR) with glofitamab, although discontinued due to JC virus reactivation. Nineteen months post-treatment, the patient remains in CR, with declining viral copies and no evidence of neurological complications. The patient also has a history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), currently in treatment free remission (TFR). This is an example of durable DLBCL remission despite abbreviated glofitamab therapy, while highlighting challenges in balancing immunotherapy efficacy with opportunistic infection risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"Article 103549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145532982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotic locally advanced nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: the timely diagnostic challenge","authors":"Réda Garidi,&nbsp;Hassina Aftisse,&nbsp;Nacera Taguelmint,&nbsp;Nadia Sari Hassoun,&nbsp;Chahrazad Benchouk,&nbsp;Tamim Alsuliman","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease.</div><div>It is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma observed primarily in Asian and south-American. countries. Most patients with ENKTCL present with early-stage disease.</div><div>Herein we present a case of a male patient presented with chronic nasal symptoms, including bad smelling discharges. A midline necrotic lesion was detected on rhinoscopy with destruction of the nasal septum, and necrosis of the philtrum.</div><div>The histopathological and flocytometry findings confirmed the diagnosis of Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, EBV positive, with Ki 67 at 95%.</div><div>ENKTCL presents a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific and often misleading symptomatology. Better awareness methods about ENKTCL early detection and combined modality therapy may enhance the treatment outcomes in this population of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"Article 103571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuated Salmonella as a PD-1/PD-L1 SiRNA delivery system for colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and melanoma: A systematic review","authors":"Omar El-Kholy ,&nbsp;Madeline Guy ,&nbsp;Ahmed Adham R. Elsayed ,&nbsp;Marc D. Basson","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2026.103569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Melanoma, colorectal cancer (CRC), and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) overexpress the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to evade the immune response. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) suppress this mechanism but lack specificity, leading to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) offers precise gene suppression but requires a protective delivery vector. Attenuated Salmonella, with tumor-targeting and immunomodulatory properties, is a promising carrier.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Five databases were systematically searched until August 14th, 2025. Relevant studies were assessed for quality of reporting and risk of bias using the ARRIVE and SYRCLE tools, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Weighted quantitative analysis of eleven murine studies (&gt;200 mice) demonstrates that siRNA-Salmonella therapy caused a significant suppression of PD-1/L1 expression and reduction of tumor weight in both CRC and HCC. In addition, marked cleaved-caspase-3 expression and CD8⁺ cell infiltration into tumor tissue were seen across all tumor types. Notably, comparison reveals that the strongest antitumor effects were observed in HCC and melanoma. CRC showed more modest effects, mirroring clinical ICI responses, which may be attributed to the low immunogenicity of the microsatellite-stable models used.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SiRNA-PD-1/PD-L1 demonstrates excellent antitumor effects in HCC and melanoma, and to a lesser extent, CRC. Salmonella, with tumor-targeting and immunomodulatory capabilities, presents itself as a near-ideal carrier for anticancer siRNA. Despite various siRNA therapeutics already being available, and several clinical trials of anticancer siRNA still in their initial stages, no trial to date has combined PD-1/PD-L1 as a target with Salmonella as a carrier. The promising results of this combination warrant more extensive in vivo investigations to support its advancement into clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"Article 103569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “AI-assisted statistical review of 100 oncology research articles: compliance with SAMPL guidelines” [Current Research in Translational Medicine 73 (2025) 103544]","authors":"Michal Ordak","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2025.103558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2025.103558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"Article 103558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating CAR-T cells with other immunotherapies for improved efficacy in cancer patients","authors":"Gagandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Lata Kumari ,&nbsp;Dipansh Katoch ,&nbsp;Arshiya Sood ,&nbsp;Neelam Thakur ,&nbsp;Kaalindi Singh ,&nbsp;Umesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.retram.2025.103562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.retram.2025.103562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a novel cum innovative treatment for cancer patients, especially the ones dealing with blood cancers. However, solid tumours remain an area where this therapy is not so effective. The challenges are antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, and some unaddressed serious side effects. This study details how different immunotherapeutic approaches can be used in synergy with each other to augment efficacy of CAR-T cell-based therapy and to minimize its limitations as a standalone therapy. Our review looks at how immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cytokine-based approaches, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, monoclonal antibodies, NK cell therapy, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), and oncolytic viruses (OVs) could be utilized together with CAR-T cell therapy. Reducing repressive cell populations and improving antigen presentation helps OVs modify the TME, enabling better CAR-T cell penetration and persistence. Similar to this, BiTEs deal with issues of antigen loss and relapse by increasing the number of cells that target antigens and bringing in bystander T-cells. Moreover, cytokine co-delivery and changes inside cells show promise in lowering systemic toxicity and increasing continuous CAR-T activation. Early-stage clinical trials and preclinical studies show that these combinatorial strategies may work, but there are still issues like dose-dependent toxicity, exact treatment timing, and delivery restrictions. This review highlights generally the possibilities of combinational techniques to greatly increase the efficacy and safety profile of CAR-T cell treatments, thus providing insightful information for next studies and clinical uses in cancer immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54260,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Translational Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"Article 103562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}