Robbie Mallett, Vishnu Nandan, Julienne Stroeve, Rosemary Willatt, Monojit Saha, John Yackel, Gaëlle Veysière, Jeremy Wilkinson
Salt is often present in the snow overlying seasonal sea ice, and has profound thermodynamic and electromagnetic effects. However, its provenance and behaviour within the snow remain uncertain. We describe two investigations tracing upward brine movement in snow: one conducted in the laboratory and one in the field. The laboratory experiments involved the addition of dyed brine to the base of terrestrial snow samples, with subsequent wicking being measured. Our field experiment involved dye being added directly (without brine) to bare sea-ice and lake ice surfaces, with snow then accumulating on top over several days. On the sea ice, the dye migrated upwards into the snow by up to 5 cm as the snow's basal layer became more salty, whereas no migration occurred in our control experiment over non-saline lake ice. This occurred in relatively dry snowpacks where brine took up $< 6%$ of the snow's calculated pore volume, suggesting pore saturation is not required for upward salt transport. Our results highlight the potential role of microstructural parameters beyond those currently retrievable with penetrometry, and the potential value of longitudinal, process-based field studies of young snowpacks.
{"title":"Dye tracing of upward brine migration in snow","authors":"Robbie Mallett, Vishnu Nandan, Julienne Stroeve, Rosemary Willatt, Monojit Saha, John Yackel, Gaëlle Veysière, Jeremy Wilkinson","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salt is often present in the snow overlying seasonal sea ice, and has profound thermodynamic and electromagnetic effects. However, its provenance and behaviour within the snow remain uncertain. We describe two investigations tracing upward brine movement in snow: one conducted in the laboratory and one in the field. The laboratory experiments involved the addition of dyed brine to the base of terrestrial snow samples, with subsequent wicking being measured. Our field experiment involved dye being added directly (without brine) to bare sea-ice and lake ice surfaces, with snow then accumulating on top over several days. On the sea ice, the dye migrated upwards into the snow by up to 5 cm as the snow's basal layer became more salty, whereas no migration occurred in our control experiment over non-saline lake ice. This occurred in relatively dry snowpacks where brine took up <span><span><span data-mathjax-type=\"texmath\"><span>$< 6%$</span></span><img data-mimesubtype=\"png\" data-type=\"\" src=\"https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20240918103626466-0384:S0260305524000272:S0260305524000272_inline1.png\"/></span></span> of the snow's calculated pore volume, suggesting pore saturation is not required for upward salt transport. Our results highlight the potential role of microstructural parameters beyond those currently retrievable with penetrometry, and the potential value of longitudinal, process-based field studies of young snowpacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Lohse, Catherine Taelman, Alistair Everett, Nick Hughes
{"title":"Automated Sentinel-1 ice type mapping and in-situ validation during the CIRFA-22 cruise","authors":"Johannes Lohse, Catherine Taelman, Alistair Everett, Nick Hughes","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giacomo Traversa, Riccardo Scipinotti, S. Pierattini, Gianluca Bianchi Fasani, Biagio Di Mauro
{"title":"Cryoconite holes geomorphometry, spatial distribution and radiative impact over the Hells Gate Ice Shelf (East Antarctica)","authors":"Giacomo Traversa, Riccardo Scipinotti, S. Pierattini, Gianluca Bianchi Fasani, Biagio Di Mauro","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siro L. Hosmann, S. Fabbri, Marius W. Buechi, M. Hilbe, Andreas Bauder, F. Anselmetti
{"title":"Exploring beneath the retreating ice: Swath bathymetry reveals sub- to proglacial processes and longevity of future Alpine glacial lakes","authors":"Siro L. Hosmann, S. Fabbri, Marius W. Buechi, M. Hilbe, Andreas Bauder, F. Anselmetti","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongxiang Tian, Xi Liang, Fu Zhao, Na Liu, Ming Li, Chunhua Li
{"title":"On the effects of the timing of an intense cyclone on summertime sea ice evolution in the Arctic","authors":"Zhongxiang Tian, Xi Liang, Fu Zhao, Na Liu, Ming Li, Chunhua Li","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential and challenges of depth-resolved three-dimensional MPM simulations: A case study of the 2019 “Salezer” snow avalanche in Davos","authors":"M. Kyburz, B. Sovilla, Yves Bühler, J. Gaume","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Braddock, R. Venturelli, K. Nichols, Elliot Moravec, Grant V. Boeckmann, Seth Campbell, Greg Balco, Robert Ackert, David Small, Joanne S. Johnson, Nelia Dunbar, John Woodward, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Brent Goehring
{"title":"Lessons learned from shallow subglacial bedrock drilling campaigns in Antarctica","authors":"S. Braddock, R. Venturelli, K. Nichols, Elliot Moravec, Grant V. Boeckmann, Seth Campbell, Greg Balco, Robert Ackert, David Small, Joanne S. Johnson, Nelia Dunbar, John Woodward, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Brent Goehring","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the Annals of Glaciology \"Ice in a Sustainable Society\" issue","authors":"Sérgio Henrique Faria","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Seismicity from Different Glacial Bed Types: Machine Learning Classification of Laboratory Stick-Slip Acoustic Emissions","authors":"S. Saltiel, N. Groebner, T. Sawi, C. McCarthy","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For snow-avalanche hazard mapping, one needs efficient tools that nevertheless capture the essential physical processes. The code MoT-PSA (Method of Transport – Powder Snow Avalanche) described here is based on the two-layer depth-averaged formulation for mixed snow avalanches developed by Eglit and co-workers in the 1980s but is extended to 3-D terrain and uses a fast numerical scheme based on the method of transport. Compared to previous works, we introduce novel formulations for the suspension and deposition of snow from the dense core. Snow cover and air entrainment are quantified with physics-based models. A sensitivity study of the model parameters on an idealized topography shows that both the dense core and the parameters of the powder snow cloud (PSC) governing particle suspension and settling significantly affect the dynamics. As expected, we observe that snow cover entrainment favours the formation of large PSCs with long runout. The powder-snow avalanche that occurred in Lom (Norway) on 27 February 2020 is back-calculated using MoT-PSA. With plausible parameter values, the model reproduces the dense core stopping at the gully's base and the dilute PSC travelling across the frozen lake for almost 1 km.
{"title":"MoT-PSA: a two-layer depth-averaged model for simulation of powder snow avalanches on 3-D terrain","authors":"Hervé Vicari, Dieter Issler","doi":"10.1017/aog.2024.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For snow-avalanche hazard mapping, one needs efficient tools that nevertheless capture the essential physical processes. The code MoT-PSA (Method of Transport – Powder Snow Avalanche) described here is based on the two-layer depth-averaged formulation for mixed snow avalanches developed by Eglit and co-workers in the 1980s but is extended to 3-D terrain and uses a fast numerical scheme based on the method of transport. Compared to previous works, we introduce novel formulations for the suspension and deposition of snow from the dense core. Snow cover and air entrainment are quantified with physics-based models. A sensitivity study of the model parameters on an idealized topography shows that both the dense core and the parameters of the powder snow cloud (PSC) governing particle suspension and settling significantly affect the dynamics. As expected, we observe that snow cover entrainment favours the formation of large PSCs with long runout. The powder-snow avalanche that occurred in Lom (Norway) on 27 February 2020 is back-calculated using MoT-PSA. With plausible parameter values, the model reproduces the dense core stopping at the gully's base and the dilute PSC travelling across the frozen lake for almost 1 km.</p>","PeriodicalId":8211,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Glaciology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}