The present study was conducted to determine the serotype diversity of Salmonella among poultry in northern India. A total of 101 poultry droppings from 30 farms in the Jammu and Kashmir union territory were analyzed. Nineteen isolates of Salmonella were obtained, and these belonged to four serotypes: Salmonella enterica enterica serotype Kentucky (n = 3), Salmonella enterica enterica serotype Infantis (n = 5), Salmonella enterica enterica serotype Agona (n = 4), and Salmonella enterica enterica serotype Typhimurium (n= 7). The study has isolated some Salmonella serotypes that are infrequently reported in India. Some of the isolated serotypes are reported to be endemic for human nontyphoidal salmonellosis cases in the region. Whether this indicates a shift in the serotype pattern in poultry in the region needs to be investigated further. Nevertheless, the study clearly indicates the risk of foodborne salmonellosis associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and poultry products in the region.
Intestinal health plays a major role in profitable and efficient turkey production. Blackhead disease (histomoniasis) is caused by Histomonas meleagridis, an anaerobic protozoan parasite. Histomonas meleagridis disrupts intestinal integrity and may cause systemic infection. Some field outbreaks of blackhead disease are associated with low morbidity and mortality, while in some instances, it may cause severe morbidity and mortality. In the current study, a presumptive diagnosis of blackhead disease was made based on the characteristic gross lesions in the liver and ceca. The cecal culture, PCR, and sequencing confirmed the presence of H. meleagridis and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Pentatrichomonas hominis has been reported in enteritis cases of several other species, such as dogs, cats, and cattle. The impact of P. hominis on intestinal health of turkeys has not previously been studied, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of concurrent H. meleagridis and P. hominis infection in turkeys.
An unusual case of swollen head syndrome in a 55-wk-old broiler breeder flock was identified in north Georgia in the summer of 2019. The presenting complaint was elevated mortality and visibly swollen heads. Necropsy of affected birds on the farm primarily revealed signs of bacterial septicemia, with few large scab lesions near the vent area. Bacterial culture analysis identified multiple organisms, but the primary organism of interest was identified as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, cultured from affected liver, lung, sinuses, and one swollen wattle of birds in the affected house. Histopathologic analysis identified gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the spleen and liver (consistent with bacterial septicemia) confirmed with special staining (Brown & Hopps Gram stain). These organisms were noted to be consistent with E. rhusiopathiae; E. rhusiopathiae infection in broiler breeder chickens is a rare occurrence and is primarily associated with turkeys and/or swine production systems.
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