Imaging of appendicitis: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound in diagnosis and management.

Abstract

Acute appendicitis remains one of the most common causes of emergency abdominal surgery globally. Imaging plays a pivotal role in confirming or excluding the diagnosis and identifying complications that influence management pathways. This narrative review synthesizes contemporary evidence and consensus-based imaging protocols for appendicitis, with a focus on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. The article explores advanced diagnostic criteria, interpretation challenges, imaging algorithms derived from professional society guidelines, and special considerations including pregnancy and pediatric populations. Clinical practice recommendations by the World Society of Emergency Surgery, European Association of Endoscopic Surgery, American College of Radiology, and Infectious Diseases Society of America are incorporated to frame best practices.