New-Generation Integrated Devices: Multiple-Energy Utilization and Integration Systems Based on Perovskite Photovoltaics

Abstract

The pursuit of sustainable and multifunctional energy technologies has spurred the development of integrated device architectures that can simultaneously harvest, convert, and store multiple forms of energy. Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to their high power conversion efficiencies, low-cost fabrication, tunable bandgaps, and mechanical flexibility, have emerged as transformative candidates for multifunctional energy platforms. Recent advances highlight the potential of PSC-based hybrid systems across four major directions: (i) perovskite–thermoelectric (PSC-TE) devices that recover sub-bandgap and thermalized photon losses to surpass the Shockley–Queisser limit; (ii) integrated photovoltaic–electrochemical (PV-EC) systems that directly drive water splitting and CO₂ reduction for solar fuel generation; (iii) PSC-based self-charging energy storage devices, including photocapacitors and photobatteries, enabling autonomous power supplies; and (iv) building-integrated PSC platforms offering transparency, flexibility, and multifunctionality for urban energy infrastructures. Particular attention is devoted to device configurations, interfacial engineering strategies, thermal management, and performance optimization. Finally, key challenges such as long-term operational stability, scalable fabrication, and interfacial/thermal losses are discussed, alongside future opportunities to enable PSC-based integrated devices to evolve from proof-of-concept demonstrations to practical solutions for next-generation sustainable energy systems.