From Orientalism to Islamophobia: Media Representation of Arabs and Muslims on the Pre-and Post-9/11 Hollywood On-Screen and Egyptian Cinema

Abstract

Examining the development of Arab-Muslim identities in Hollywood and Egyptian films, the presented study tracks their transition from orientalism to neo-orientalism and Islamophobia. Utilizing an interpretive method, the research explores pre- and post-9/11 films by delving into textual analysis. During Hollywood’s pre-9/11 era, stereotypes were reinforced, but post-9/11 works greatly magnified Islamophobic representations. While some cinemas may have emphasized external changes, Egyptian cinema focused on challenging internal preconceptions and embracing the complexity of the surrounding world. The research highlights the media’s powerful role in forming opinions and advocates for responsible reporting. Media literacy programs hold immense potential in challenging stereotypes, and diverse representation is key. Collaborating with filmmakers, studios, and audiences is vital to ensure the responsible portrayal of Arab-Muslim identities.