Toll-like receptor agonists as cancer vaccine adjuvants.

IF 4.1 4区 医学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2023-12-28 DOI:10.1080/21645515.2023.2297453
Donghwan Jeon, Ethan Hill, Douglas G McNeel
{"title":"Toll-like receptor agonists as cancer vaccine adjuvants.","authors":"Donghwan Jeon, Ethan Hill, Douglas G McNeel","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2023.2297453","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat cancer patients. Among the wide range of immunological approaches, cancer vaccines have been investigated to activate and expand tumor-reactive T cells. However, most cancer vaccines have not shown significant clinical benefit as monotherapies. This is likely due to the antigen targets of vaccines, \"self\" proteins to which there is tolerance, as well as to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To help circumvent immune tolerance and generate effective immune responses, adjuvants for cancer vaccines are necessary. One representative adjuvant family is Toll-Like receptor (TLR) agonists, synthetic molecules that stimulate TLRs. TLRs are the largest family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that serve as the sensors of pathogens or cellular damage. They recognize conserved foreign molecules from pathogens or internal molecules from cellular damage and propel innate immune responses. When used with vaccines, activation of TLRs signals an innate damage response that can facilitate the development of a strong adaptive immune response against the target antigen. The ability of TLR agonists to modulate innate immune responses has positioned them to serve as adjuvants for vaccines targeting infectious diseases and cancers. This review provides a summary of various TLRs, including their expression patterns, their functions in the immune system, as well as their ligands and synthetic molecules developed as TLR agonists. In addition, it presents a comprehensive overview of recent strategies employing different TLR agonists as adjuvants in cancer vaccine development, both in pre-clinical models and ongoing clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":49067,"journal":{"name":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10760790/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2023.2297453","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/12/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat cancer patients. Among the wide range of immunological approaches, cancer vaccines have been investigated to activate and expand tumor-reactive T cells. However, most cancer vaccines have not shown significant clinical benefit as monotherapies. This is likely due to the antigen targets of vaccines, "self" proteins to which there is tolerance, as well as to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To help circumvent immune tolerance and generate effective immune responses, adjuvants for cancer vaccines are necessary. One representative adjuvant family is Toll-Like receptor (TLR) agonists, synthetic molecules that stimulate TLRs. TLRs are the largest family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that serve as the sensors of pathogens or cellular damage. They recognize conserved foreign molecules from pathogens or internal molecules from cellular damage and propel innate immune responses. When used with vaccines, activation of TLRs signals an innate damage response that can facilitate the development of a strong adaptive immune response against the target antigen. The ability of TLR agonists to modulate innate immune responses has positioned them to serve as adjuvants for vaccines targeting infectious diseases and cancers. This review provides a summary of various TLRs, including their expression patterns, their functions in the immune system, as well as their ligands and synthetic molecules developed as TLR agonists. In addition, it presents a comprehensive overview of recent strategies employing different TLR agonists as adjuvants in cancer vaccine development, both in pre-clinical models and ongoing clinical trials.

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
作为癌症疫苗佐剂的 Toll 样受体激动剂。
癌症免疫疗法已成为治疗癌症患者的一种前景广阔的策略。在各种免疫学方法中,癌症疫苗已被研究用于激活和扩增肿瘤反应性 T 细胞。然而,大多数癌症疫苗作为单一疗法并未显示出显著的临床疗效。这可能是由于疫苗的抗原靶点是 "自身 "蛋白,对其存在耐受性,以及免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境。为了帮助规避免疫耐受并产生有效的免疫反应,癌症疫苗必须使用佐剂。一个具有代表性的佐剂家族是Toll-Like 受体(TLR)激动剂,即能刺激TLRs的合成分子。TLR 是最大的模式识别受体(PRR)家族,是病原体或细胞损伤的传感器。它们能识别来自病原体的保守外来分子或来自细胞损伤的内部分子,并推动先天性免疫反应。当与疫苗一起使用时,TLRs 的激活会发出先天性损伤反应信号,从而促进针对目标抗原的强大适应性免疫反应的发展。TLR 激动剂调节先天性免疫反应的能力使其成为针对传染病和癌症的疫苗佐剂。本综述概述了各种 TLR,包括它们的表达模式、在免疫系统中的功能,以及它们的配体和作为 TLR 激动剂开发的合成分子。此外,它还全面概述了近期在临床前模型和正在进行的临床试验中采用不同 TLR 激动剂作为佐剂开发癌症疫苗的策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
489
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: (formerly Human Vaccines; issn 1554-8619) Vaccine research and development is extending its reach beyond the prevention of bacterial or viral diseases. There are experimental vaccines for immunotherapeutic purposes and for applications outside of infectious diseases, in diverse fields such as cancer, autoimmunity, allergy, Alzheimer’s and addiction. Many of these vaccines and immunotherapeutics should become available in the next two decades, with consequent benefit for human health. Continued advancement in this field will benefit from a forum that can (A) help to promote interest by keeping investigators updated, and (B) enable an exchange of ideas regarding the latest progress in the many topics pertaining to vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics provides such a forum. It is published monthly in a format that is accessible to a wide international audience in the academic, industrial and public sectors.
期刊最新文献
Wilms' tumor 1 -targeting cancer vaccine: Recent advancements and future perspectives. Toll-like receptor agonists as cancer vaccine adjuvants. Hotspot areas of tetanus-unprotected births and its associated factors in Ethiopia: Spatial analysis of EDHS data. How well does vaccine literacy predict intention to vaccinate and vaccination status? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypophysitis after COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with Rathke's cleft cyst: A case report.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1