Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics最新文献

Globally, there are over 3 million severe cases of influenza each year, leading to up to half a million deaths. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status of children's influenza vaccine research over the past 20 years and explores potential future research trends, including improvements in vaccine coverage and strategies to address vaccine hesitancy. We extracted all research data on children's influenza vaccines from 2004 to 2024 using the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). The contributions of various countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals in this field were assessed, and research hotspots as well as promising future trends were predicted through keyword analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 2,598 related publications from 2004 to 2024 were identified and collected for analysis. The United States (USA) and England emerged as the leading contributors with the highest number of published papers. AstraZeneca was identified as a key leader among research institutions, and Ambrose Christopher S was recognized as the most productive author in this field. The journals Vaccine and Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics stood out as the most prominent publications in this area. The keyword analysis highlighted that international research collaboration maybe a promising strategy for bridging global gaps; Addressing vaccine hesitancy could potentially increase vaccination coverage; Live attenuated vaccines, intranasal administration and universal vaccines are promising directions for future development. These insights highlight potential avenues for improving influenza vaccine coverage and inform strategies to mitigate vaccine hesitancy, crucial for protecting children and enhancing public health.

We aim to identify Libyans' knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional survey was electronically distributed to the Libyan population aged 18 and older between May and September 2023. The questionnaire had three sections: socio-demographics, COVID-19 vaccination and infection, and knowledge and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. The chi-square test was used to assess the associations. A total of 1,043 respondents completed the questionnaire. Of these, 590 (56.6%) were vaccinated, and 453 (43.4%) were unvaccinated. Only age, educational level, employment status, history of COVID-19 infection, and source of information had a significant association with vaccination status; all shared a p-value <.05. However, Monthly income did not. Regarding knowledge, 63.7% agreed that vaccines in general are an effective way to prevent and control infectious diseases, and 76.6% agreed that they can prevent disease and mortality. However, regarding COVID-19 vaccine, 48.4% agreed that the benefits outweigh the risks. Regarding COVID-19 safety, 40.8% responded that COVID-19 vaccines are only slightly safe or not safe at all. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was at 57.2%, and only age and source of information were significantly associated. Those who held favorable views were more likely to accept the vaccine, while those who had concerns about safety were more vaccine hesitant. There is a gap between the perception of the COVID-19 vaccine compared to other vaccines among Libyans. Our study revealed that 57.2% of Libyans accept the COVID-19 vaccine. However, only 34% of the Libyan population is vaccinated. A comprehensive health policy is needed.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns on current endemic situation would benefit from vaccine alternatives with easy logistics and accessibility, sustained response and cross-reactivity against emerging variants. Herein, safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V, adjuvanted recombinant RBD-based vaccine, as fourth dose for the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants in Spain in subjects ≥18 years was investigated for 6 months in HIPRA-HH-2 open-label extension study. Subjects received a fourth dose of PHH-1V after either two BNT162b2 doses plus one PHH-1V dose (cohort 1) or three BNT162b2 doses (cohort 2). As regulatory endpoint, neutralization titers were investigated for PHH-1 V as fourth dose vs BNT162b2 as third dose in subjects receiving previous BNT162b2-based regimens. PHH-1 V immunogenicity (GMT) was investigated against Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and XBB.1.5 on Days 14, 98 and 182 post-immunization. Two hundred and eighty-eight subjects received PHH-1V. Neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 at Day 14 significantly increased after the PHH-1V as fourth booster vs the third BNT162b2 booster (GMT ratio 0.43 (95% CI: 0.28; 0.65; p-value < .0001)). PHH-1V fourth booster induced a significant increase in neutralizing titers vs baseline (GMFR on Day 14 [95% CI]: Beta 6.96 [5.23, 9.25]; Delta 6.27 [4.79, 8.22]; Omicron BA.1 9.21 [5.57, 15.21]; Omicron BA.4/5 11.80 [8.29, 16.80]; Omicron XBB.1.5 5.22 [3.97, 6.87]), remaining significantly higher up to 6 months. The most frequent adverse events were injection site pain and fatigue. As conclusion, PHH-1V booster induced sustained humoral and cellular immune response against Beta, Delta variants and cross reactivity against distant Omicron subvariants and could be an appropriate strategy for implementing heterologous vaccination campaigns.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and pelvic bones. Recently, many researchers have confirmed that biological therapy is effective for AS patients, which provides a new perspective for the treatment of AS. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of scientific research on AS and biological therapy worldwide and investigate research hotspots and the direction of future trends. Global literature on AS and biological therapy published from 2004 to 2023 was searched in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Visualization and bibliometric analysis were carried out using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace software with the retrieved data regarding countries, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords. A total of 2,243 related articles were included, showing that the number of articles in this field has increased annually. The highest number of articles were from the USA (24.39%), followed by Italy (14.36%), England (12.19%), Germany (10.66%), and Spain (7.86%). Braun J was the most prolific author, with a h-index of 16. The institution with the most articles was Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, and the Rheumatology journal had the highest number of publications. "janus kinase inhibitor" and "secukinumab" displayed a notable citation burst in recent years, indicating IL-17i and JAKi are research hotspots. More and more attention has been paid to the association between AS and biological therapy in the past two decades. The USA plays a leading role, and China has made remarkable progress. This study has provided a valuable reference for future research in this field.

The study of DESTINY-Lung01 and DESTINY-Lung02 demonstrated the favorable efficacy and optimal dosage of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in managing the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who had received previous treatment. The study sought to assess the cost-effectiveness of T-DXd in both the United States (US) and Chinese healthcare systems. Markov models were developed to evaluate the overall cost, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and life years (LYs) of treatment with T-DXd compared with docetaxel, nivolumab, and pyrotinib for patients in the US and China. The level of willingness-to-pay (WTP) in the US and China is 150,000/QALYs and 32,517/QALYs, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to ensure the precision of the model. T-DXd yielded additional QALYs of 0.63 and 0.06 with an ICER of $338997.84 and $1437258.33 per QALY, respectively, in the US compared to the docetaxel and nivolumab regimens. And T-DXd yielded additional QALYs of 0.63, 0.06, and 0.13 with an ICER of $137959.45, $623805.93, and $515447.12 per QALY, respectively, in China compared to the docetaxel, nivolumab, and pyrotinib regimens. Sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of drugs is the most influential factor. T-DXd provides substantial therapeutic benefit for NSCLC patients with HER2 mutations who have had previous treatment but is not deemed cost-effective in either the US or China when compared to docetaxel, nivolumab, and pyrotinib. Price reduction is perhaps the main way to make T-DXd cost-effective.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has shifted from a multiple-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine schedule to a one-dose schedule prioritizing females aged 9-14 y. Given the burden of HPV-associated disease aside from cervical cancer and affecting both sexes, a shift toward emphasizing gender-neutral HPV vaccination strategies may improve vaccination coverage and more comprehensively address HPV-driven disease across both sexes, particularly for low- and middle-income countries.

Influenza B/Victoria viruses predominated during the 2021-2022 influenza season in Beijing, China, unlike most northern hemisphere countries, likely due to reduced international travel. We estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against the B/Victoria lineage to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of 2021-2022 influenza VE. Between October 2021 and April 2022, patients aged ≥6 months with influenza-like illness (ILI) visiting outpatient departments in Beijing's influenza virological surveillance system were enrolled. A test-negative design was used to assess VE against influenza B/Victoria, adjusting for sex, age groups, the presence of chronic diseases, onset-to-enrollment interval, and symptom onset timing. Of the 8,813 eligible patients, 1,787 (20.3%) tested positive for influenza B/Victoria only. 573/8813 (6.5%) were vaccinated against influenza. The adjusted effectiveness against B/Victoria for all ages was 16.6% (95% CI: -7.5% to 35.2%) overall. VE was low against influenza B/Victoria among medically attended ILI patients during the 2021-2022 season in Beijing, China.

This bibliometric and visualization study provides a comprehensive analysis of global research hotspots and trends in DNA vaccine research from 2014 to 2024. By employing data sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection, we identified a total of 3,600 articles. Our analysis reveals a declining trend in annual publications. Active countries, institutions, journals, and authors were identified, with China, the Pasteur Network, the Vaccine Journal, and David B Weiner being the most prolific contributors. Keywords cluster analysis distinguished four major research directions: infectious disease and immunity, viral challenge and vaccine development, optimization of DNA vaccine delivery systems, and cancer and immunotherapy research. The literature co-citation analysis revealed four major research hotspots, including DNA vaccines for Zika virus, human papillomavirus (HPV), and COVID-19, as well as safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity studies of DNA vaccines. Concurrently, the burst citation analysis identified emerging themes, including the development of DNA vaccines for COVID-19, Ebola, and MERS-CoV, as well as innovations in antigen design and delivery technologies. This study offers valuable insights into the evolution and future directions of DNA vaccine research, emphasizing its importance for global public health and the potential to address current and future health challenges.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03962816).https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03962816.