Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1177/08862605241248437
Xuan Zhang, Yiping Xiao, Fangxiang Mao, Zhaojuan Xu, Fenglin Cao
We explored the intergenerational transmission effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and infant neglect from multiple perspectives. The study included a sample of postpartum mothers and infants (N = 550) from the outpatient child health care department of a tertiary hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Our investigation followed three main lines of inquiry. First, the association of overall maternal ACEs with infant neglect was estimated. Secondly, the cumulative and independent effects of maternal ACEs on infant neglect were explored using the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire-Revised (ACEQ-R) with 14 types of ACEs. Finally, the different patterns of 14 maternal ACEs were identified, and the association between the different patterns and infant neglect was explored. There were three main findings. First, infants born to mothers with ACEs experienced higher levels of neglect compared to those born to mothers without ACEs. Second, infants born to mothers with three or more subtypes of ACEs experienced the greatest levels of neglect, with maternal childhood physical neglect emerging as a particularly influential factor. Third, infants in the "median maternal ACEs" and "high maternal neglect and poor peer relationship" groups experienced more severe neglect than those in the "low maternal ACEs" group. These results suggest that early life experiences substantially shape future parenting behaviors, such as infant neglect.
{"title":"Role of Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences on Infant Neglect: A Multi-Perspective Approach.","authors":"Xuan Zhang, Yiping Xiao, Fangxiang Mao, Zhaojuan Xu, Fenglin Cao","doi":"10.1177/08862605241248437","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605241248437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explored the intergenerational transmission effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and infant neglect from multiple perspectives. The study included a sample of postpartum mothers and infants (<i>N</i> = 550) from the outpatient child health care department of a tertiary hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Our investigation followed three main lines of inquiry. First, the association of overall maternal ACEs with infant neglect was estimated. Secondly, the cumulative and independent effects of maternal ACEs on infant neglect were explored using the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire-Revised (ACEQ-R) with 14 types of ACEs. Finally, the different patterns of 14 maternal ACEs were identified, and the association between the different patterns and infant neglect was explored. There were three main findings. First, infants born to mothers with ACEs experienced higher levels of neglect compared to those born to mothers without ACEs. Second, infants born to mothers with three or more subtypes of ACEs experienced the greatest levels of neglect, with maternal childhood physical neglect emerging as a particularly influential factor. Third, infants in the \"median maternal ACEs\" and \"high maternal neglect and poor peer relationship\" groups experienced more severe neglect than those in the \"low maternal ACEs\" group. These results suggest that early life experiences substantially shape future parenting behaviors, such as infant neglect.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/08862605241247552
Maria-Valeria Karakasi, Ioannis Nikolaidis, Eleni Fotou, Anestis Sapounas, Apostolos Patounas, Sofia Sakka, Charalampos Ntentopoulos, Pavlos Pavlidis, Polychronis Voultsos
Intimate partner or marital/spousal rape is a phenomenon with unique characteristics and dynamics. Furthermore, it is an under-explored, under-defined, under-reported, and widely tolerated phenomenon. Gender-based violence and intimate partner violence are the main topics of the present study. The study aimed at exploring the trends in reported intimate partner and marital/spousal rape, within the wider context of reported domestic violence during the years 2020 and 2021 in Greece. Statistical analysis has not indicated positive correlation between the rate of reported domestic violence per year and the rate of reported domestic rape per year, with the former following an upward trend and the latter maintaining an almost steady course. Similarly, the rate of reported victims of intimate partner rape per year remained almost stable within in the 2 years. Importantly however, in 2021, the rate of reported victims of marital rape per year increased remarkably compared to 2020. In 2021, the rates of reported domestic violence per month and reported domestic rape per month indicated remarkable increase over the period May to December 2021. Notwithstanding, the rates mentioned above remained almost stable over the year 2020, showing an upward trend during the summer months. In August 2020 and 2021 the abovementioned rates reached their peak. In both years, the vast majority of victims of domestic rape were females, mostly between 30 and 45 years of age. The present study indicated an increase in rates of reported domestic violence and reported domestic rape per month after the lockdowns, especially after the second long-lasting lockdown that ended in May 2021. This increase, however, might be only apparent. Further research is needed to study the epidemiology of intimate partner and marital rape over a much longer timespan to provide further insight into the dynamics surrounding a public health concern.
{"title":"Emerging Trends in Intimate Partner Rape and Marital/Spousal Rape During the Biennium 2020 and 2021, Including the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece.","authors":"Maria-Valeria Karakasi, Ioannis Nikolaidis, Eleni Fotou, Anestis Sapounas, Apostolos Patounas, Sofia Sakka, Charalampos Ntentopoulos, Pavlos Pavlidis, Polychronis Voultsos","doi":"10.1177/08862605241247552","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605241247552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate partner or marital/spousal rape is a phenomenon with unique characteristics and dynamics. Furthermore, it is an under-explored, under-defined, under-reported, and widely tolerated phenomenon. Gender-based violence and intimate partner violence are the main topics of the present study. The study aimed at exploring the trends in reported intimate partner and marital/spousal rape, within the wider context of reported domestic violence during the years 2020 and 2021 in Greece. Statistical analysis has not indicated positive correlation between the rate of reported domestic violence per year and the rate of reported domestic rape per year, with the former following an upward trend and the latter maintaining an almost steady course. Similarly, the rate of reported victims of intimate partner rape per year remained almost stable within in the 2 years. Importantly however, in 2021, the rate of reported victims of marital rape per year increased remarkably compared to 2020. In 2021, the rates of reported domestic violence per month and reported domestic rape per month indicated remarkable increase over the period May to December 2021. Notwithstanding, the rates mentioned above remained almost stable over the year 2020, showing an upward trend during the summer months. In August 2020 and 2021 the abovementioned rates reached their peak. In both years, the vast majority of victims of domestic rape were females, mostly between 30 and 45 years of age. The present study indicated an increase in rates of reported domestic violence and reported domestic rape per month after the lockdowns, especially after the second long-lasting lockdown that ended in May 2021. This increase, however, might be only apparent. Further research is needed to study the epidemiology of intimate partner and marital rape over a much longer timespan to provide further insight into the dynamics surrounding a public health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1111/desc.13567
Duncan E Astle, Mark H Johnson, Danyal Akarca
{"title":"'Fix' the Child or Change the Learning Environment?","authors":"Duncan E Astle, Mark H Johnson, Danyal Akarca","doi":"10.1111/desc.13567","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined which parenting behaviors predict the development of infants' empathic concern for others in distress. We distinguished between three forms of sensitive/responsive parenting: mothers' responsiveness to infant distress, their responsiveness to the infant's nondistress cues, and maternal expression of positive affect and affection in nondistress. Although in prior work these parenting behaviors were frequently combined, or subsumed under a single global construct, such as "sensitive responsiveness", the three forms of parenting are theoretically distinct. We hypothesized that once all three were examined simultaneously, only responsiveness to distress would emerge as a unique predictor of empathy. A sample of 165 Israeli infants (50% girls) was assessed from 3 to 18 months. Parenting measures were coded from mother-infant interactions at 3 and 6 months, and infants' empathic concern was assessed using three distressed stimuli at ages 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Path analysis models revealed that, consistent with the hypothesis, only responsiveness to distress uniquely predicted infants' subsequent empathic concern, over and above the other forms of parenting and preexisting empathy levels; conversely, being responsive or affectionate when infants were not distressed did not predict their empathic abilities. The findings underscore the importance of differentiating between theoretically distinct forms of parenting, even when they are correlated. The discussion addresses the role of responsiveness to infants' distress in the early development of empathic capacity, and highlights avenues for future research.
{"title":"Which Aspects of Parenting Predict the Development of Empathic Concern During Infancy?","authors":"Tal Orlitsky, Maayan Davidov, Yael Paz, Ronit Roth-Hanania, Maia Ram Berger, Lital Yizhar, Liad Shiller, Carolyn Zahn-Waxler","doi":"10.1111/desc.13566","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined which parenting behaviors predict the development of infants' empathic concern for others in distress. We distinguished between three forms of sensitive/responsive parenting: mothers' responsiveness to infant distress, their responsiveness to the infant's nondistress cues, and maternal expression of positive affect and affection in nondistress. Although in prior work these parenting behaviors were frequently combined, or subsumed under a single global construct, such as \"sensitive responsiveness\", the three forms of parenting are theoretically distinct. We hypothesized that once all three were examined simultaneously, only responsiveness to distress would emerge as a unique predictor of empathy. A sample of 165 Israeli infants (50% girls) was assessed from 3 to 18 months. Parenting measures were coded from mother-infant interactions at 3 and 6 months, and infants' empathic concern was assessed using three distressed stimuli at ages 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Path analysis models revealed that, consistent with the hypothesis, only responsiveness to distress uniquely predicted infants' subsequent empathic concern, over and above the other forms of parenting and preexisting empathy levels; conversely, being responsive or affectionate when infants were not distressed did not predict their empathic abilities. The findings underscore the importance of differentiating between theoretically distinct forms of parenting, even when they are correlated. The discussion addresses the role of responsiveness to infants' distress in the early development of empathic capacity, and highlights avenues for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1177/08862605241245388
Gia Elise Barboza-Salerno, Holly Thurston, Bridget Freisthler
Previous research shows that large, densely populated urban areas have higher rates of child victimization that have persisted over time. However, few investigations have inquired about the processes that produce and sustain hot and cold spots of child victimization. As a result, the mechanisms that produce the observed spatial clustering of child victimization, and hence "why" harms against children tend to cluster in space, remains unknown. Does the likelihood of being a victim of violence in one location depend on a similar event happening in a nearby location within a specified timeframe? Rather, are child victims of violence more likely to reside in suboptimal neighborhood conditions? This paper aims to present an analytical and theoretical framework for distinguishing between these locational (point) processes to determine whether the empirical spatial patterns undergirding child victimization are more reflective of the "spread" via contagion (i.e., dependency) or whether they are produced by neighborhood structural inequality resulting from spatial heterogeneity. To detect spatial dependence, we applied the inhomogeneous K-function to Los Angeles Medical Examiner data on child homicide victim locations while controlling for regional differences in victimization events (i.e., heterogeneity). Our analysis found strong evidence of spatial clustering in child victimization at small spatial scales but inhibition at larger scales. We further found limited support for the spatiotemporal clustering of child victimization indicative of a contagion effect. Overall, our results support the role of neighborhood structural vulnerability in the underlying mechanisms producing patterns of child victimization across Los Angeles County. We conclude by discussing the policy implications for understanding this spatial patterning in geographical context and for developing effective and targeted preventive interventions.
以往的研究表明,人口稠密的大城市地区儿童受害率较高,而且这种现象长期存在。然而,很少有调查探究产生和维持儿童受害热点和冷点的过程。因此,造成所观察到的儿童受害空间集群的机制,以及 "为什么 "对儿童的伤害倾向于在空间上集群,仍然是未知数。在某一地点成为暴力受害者的可能性是否取决于附近地点在特定时间范围内发生的类似事件?相反,暴力受害儿童是否更有可能居住在条件不理想的社区?本文旨在提出一个分析和理论框架,以区分这些定位(点)过程,从而确定儿童受害的实证空间模式是更多地反映了通过传染(即依赖性)进行的 "传播",还是由空间异质性导致的邻里结构不平等造成的。为了检测空间依赖性,我们将非均质 K 函数应用于洛杉矶法医检验的儿童凶杀案受害者地点数据,同时控制受害事件的地区差异(即异质性)。我们的分析发现,有强有力的证据表明,在较小的空间范围内,儿童受害事件具有空间集群性,但在较大的空间范围内,这种集群性受到抑制。我们还发现,儿童受害的时空集群效应对传染效应的支持有限。总体而言,我们的研究结果支持邻里结构脆弱性在洛杉矶县儿童受害模式的基本机制中的作用。最后,我们讨论了在地理背景下理解这种空间模式以及制定有效和有针对性的预防干预措施的政策意义。
{"title":"The Spatial Scale and Spread of Child Victimization.","authors":"Gia Elise Barboza-Salerno, Holly Thurston, Bridget Freisthler","doi":"10.1177/08862605241245388","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08862605241245388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research shows that large, densely populated urban areas have higher rates of child victimization that have persisted over time. However, few investigations have inquired about the processes that produce and sustain hot and cold spots of child victimization. As a result, the mechanisms that produce the observed spatial clustering of child victimization, and hence \"why\" harms against children tend to cluster in space, remains unknown. Does the likelihood of being a victim of violence in one location depend on a similar event happening in a nearby location within a specified timeframe? Rather, are child victims of violence more likely to reside in suboptimal neighborhood conditions? This paper aims to present an analytical and theoretical framework for distinguishing between these locational (point) processes to determine whether the empirical spatial patterns undergirding child victimization are more reflective of the \"spread\" via contagion (i.e., dependency) or whether they are produced by neighborhood structural inequality resulting from spatial heterogeneity. To detect spatial dependence, we applied the inhomogeneous <i>K</i>-function to Los Angeles Medical Examiner data on child homicide victim locations while controlling for regional differences in victimization events (i.e., heterogeneity). Our analysis found strong evidence of spatial clustering in child victimization at small spatial scales but inhibition at larger scales. We further found limited support for the spatiotemporal clustering of child victimization indicative of a contagion effect. Overall, our results support the role of neighborhood structural vulnerability in the underlying mechanisms producing patterns of child victimization across Los Angeles County. We conclude by discussing the policy implications for understanding this spatial patterning in geographical context and for developing effective and targeted preventive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To reveal the formation process of speech processing with early hearing experiences, we tracked the development of functional connectivity in the auditory and language-related cortical areas of 84 (36 female) congenitally deafened toddlers using repeated functional near-infrared spectroscopy for up to 36 months post cochlear implantation (CI). Upon hearing restoration, the CI children lacked the modular organization of the mature speech-processing network and demonstrated a higher degree of immaturity in temporo-parietal than temporo-frontal connections. The speech-processing network appeared to form rapidly with early CI experiences, with two-thirds of the developing connections following nonlinear trajectories reflecting possibly more than one synaptogenesis-pruning cycle. A few key features of the mature speech-processing network emerged within the first year of CI hearing, including left-hemispheric advantage, differentiation of the dorsal and ventral processing streams, and functional state (speech listening vs. resting) specific patterns of connectivity development. The developmental changes were predictable of future auditory and verbal communication skills of the CI children, with prominent contribution from temporo-parietal connections in the dorsal stream, suggesting a mediating role of speech-processing network formation with early hearing experiences in speech acquisition.
为了揭示早期听力经验对言语处理的形成过程,我们使用重复功能性近红外光谱技术跟踪了84名先天性耳聋幼儿(36名女性)在人工耳蜗植入术(CI)后长达36个月的听觉和语言相关皮层区域功能连接的发展情况。听力恢复后,CI 患儿缺乏成熟语言处理网络的模块组织,颞顶叶连接的不成熟程度高于颞额叶连接。语音处理网络似乎随着早期 CI 经验的积累而迅速形成,其中三分之二的发育连接遵循非线性轨迹,可能反映了一个以上的突触生成-修剪周期。在听 CI 的第一年内,成熟的语音处理网络出现了一些关键特征,包括左半球优势、背侧和腹侧处理流的分化以及功能状态(听语音与休息)特定的连接发展模式。这些发展变化可预测植入人工耳蜗儿童未来的听觉和语言交流能力,其中背侧流中的颞顶连接贡献突出,这表明语言处理网络的形成与早期听力经验在语言习得中起着中介作用。
{"title":"Speech-Processing Network Formation of Cochlear-Implanted Toddlers With Early Hearing Experiences.","authors":"Meiyun Wu, Haotian Liu, Xue Zhao, Li Lu, Yuyang Wang, Chaogang Wei, Yuhe Liu, Yu-Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1111/desc.13568","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To reveal the formation process of speech processing with early hearing experiences, we tracked the development of functional connectivity in the auditory and language-related cortical areas of 84 (36 female) congenitally deafened toddlers using repeated functional near-infrared spectroscopy for up to 36 months post cochlear implantation (CI). Upon hearing restoration, the CI children lacked the modular organization of the mature speech-processing network and demonstrated a higher degree of immaturity in temporo-parietal than temporo-frontal connections. The speech-processing network appeared to form rapidly with early CI experiences, with two-thirds of the developing connections following nonlinear trajectories reflecting possibly more than one synaptogenesis-pruning cycle. A few key features of the mature speech-processing network emerged within the first year of CI hearing, including left-hemispheric advantage, differentiation of the dorsal and ventral processing streams, and functional state (speech listening vs. resting) specific patterns of connectivity development. The developmental changes were predictable of future auditory and verbal communication skills of the CI children, with prominent contribution from temporo-parietal connections in the dorsal stream, suggesting a mediating role of speech-processing network formation with early hearing experiences in speech acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1111/desc.13565
Pearl Han Li, Tamar Kushnir
Moral decisions often involve dilemmas: cases of conflict between competing obligations. In two studies (N = 204), we ask whether children appreciate that reasoning through dilemmas involves acknowledging that there is no single, simple solution. In Study 1, 5- to 8-year-old US children were randomly assigned to a Moral Dilemma condition, in which story characters face dilemmas between two prosocial actions, or a Personal Cost control, in which story characters face decisions between a matched prosocial action and a self-interested action. Children were then presented with two reasoners who made the same judgment, but one confidently endorsed one moral action, and the other hesitantly acknowledged both actions. As they aged, children became more likely to prefer the uncertain reasoner's "way of thinking" in the Moral Dilemma compared to the Personal Cost condition. They also inferred that the uncertain reasoner was nicer and more trustworthy than the confident one. In Study 2, when both reasoners acknowledged the dilemma and differed only in their level of uncertainty, 5-year-olds preferred the acknowledgment to be accompanied by a confident decision, 6- and 7-year-olds preferred it be accompanied by uncertainty, and 8-year-olds showed no preference. These results show that, before the age at which children can resolve dilemmas successfully on their own, they recognize and value others who approach dilemmas with appropriate humility.
{"title":"Seeing Gray in a World of Black and White: Children Appreciate Reasoners Who Approach Moral Dilemmas With Humility.","authors":"Pearl Han Li, Tamar Kushnir","doi":"10.1111/desc.13565","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moral decisions often involve dilemmas: cases of conflict between competing obligations. In two studies (N = 204), we ask whether children appreciate that reasoning through dilemmas involves acknowledging that there is no single, simple solution. In Study 1, 5- to 8-year-old US children were randomly assigned to a Moral Dilemma condition, in which story characters face dilemmas between two prosocial actions, or a Personal Cost control, in which story characters face decisions between a matched prosocial action and a self-interested action. Children were then presented with two reasoners who made the same judgment, but one confidently endorsed one moral action, and the other hesitantly acknowledged both actions. As they aged, children became more likely to prefer the uncertain reasoner's \"way of thinking\" in the Moral Dilemma compared to the Personal Cost condition. They also inferred that the uncertain reasoner was nicer and more trustworthy than the confident one. In Study 2, when both reasoners acknowledged the dilemma and differed only in their level of uncertainty, 5-year-olds preferred the acknowledgment to be accompanied by a confident decision, 6- and 7-year-olds preferred it be accompanied by uncertainty, and 8-year-olds showed no preference. These results show that, before the age at which children can resolve dilemmas successfully on their own, they recognize and value others who approach dilemmas with appropriate humility.</p>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05Epub Date: 2023-12-20DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2295336
Jimin Sung, Jaehee Yi, Min Ah Kim, Gaben Sanchez
Being trans is stigmatized and can make it difficult to fit into the job market in South Korean society. This study explored trans individuals' job-seeking experience and the impact of gender identity on their career choices and development using a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 trans adults with job-seeking experiences who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling in South Korea. Ten subthemes were identified in three overarching themes: (a) limiting myself in job search; (b) challenges in the job application and interview process; and (c) having a desire to build a meaningful career. Participants limited their choices for employment in favor of gender-neutral jobs or trans-inclusive work environments. In the job-seeking process, they faced challenges due to society's rigid binary gender roles and the negative stereotypes about trans identities. Despite stress and identity-related conflict, participants expressed a desire to overcome challenges, build a meaningful career, and flourish at work without compromising their gender identity. This study highlights the experiences of trans individuals in their job-seeking journey. Psychosocial interventions and career support services could help trans individuals in the job-seeking process by identifying their unique challenges to employment and providing assistance to cope with stigma and oppression.
{"title":"Job-Seeking Experiences of Trans Adults in South Korea.","authors":"Jimin Sung, Jaehee Yi, Min Ah Kim, Gaben Sanchez","doi":"10.1080/00918369.2023.2295336","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00918369.2023.2295336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Being trans is stigmatized and can make it difficult to fit into the job market in South Korean society. This study explored trans individuals' job-seeking experience and the impact of gender identity on their career choices and development using a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 trans adults with job-seeking experiences who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling in South Korea. Ten subthemes were identified in three overarching themes: (a) limiting myself in job search; (b) challenges in the job application and interview process; and (c) having a desire to build a meaningful career. Participants limited their choices for employment in favor of gender-neutral jobs or trans-inclusive work environments. In the job-seeking process, they faced challenges due to society's rigid binary gender roles and the negative stereotypes about trans identities. Despite stress and identity-related conflict, participants expressed a desire to overcome challenges, build a meaningful career, and flourish at work without compromising their gender identity. This study highlights the experiences of trans individuals in their job-seeking journey. Psychosocial interventions and career support services could help trans individuals in the job-seeking process by identifying their unique challenges to employment and providing assistance to cope with stigma and oppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homosexuality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05Epub Date: 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2287031
Xiyuan Hu, Heng Wang
The study aims at assessing gender and sexuality characteristics (GSC) in perception, attitude, and social intimacy among Sinophone youth toward transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people. Based on an internet survey with 3 825 valid questionnaires, we distinguished the general public into TGNC, cisgender heterosexual, and cisgender non-heterosexual individuals. Then we classified TGNC individuals into trans females, trans males, and non-binary/genderqueer people and cisgender individuals into cisgender females and cisgender males. The chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression were used. We found that the evident gender and sexuality disparities in perception, attitude, and social intimacy toward TGNC individuals exist both in and out of TGNC individuals. Negative perceptions and attitudes as well as alienated social intimacy were most pronounced among cisgender heterosexual people (Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression: all p < .001). Cisgender females exhibit higher levels of supportiveness compared to cisgender males. Trans females were the most positive while they also had more concerns regarding public space and gender expression-related issues. The findings are practical for community-based advocacy for raising public awareness of the presences and experiences of TGNC people in Sinophone societies.
{"title":"Gender and Sexuality Disparities in Perception, Attitude and Social Intimacy Among Sinophone Youth Toward Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Individuals: Based on an Internet Survey.","authors":"Xiyuan Hu, Heng Wang","doi":"10.1080/00918369.2023.2287031","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00918369.2023.2287031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims at assessing gender and sexuality characteristics (GSC) in perception, attitude, and social intimacy among Sinophone youth toward transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) people. Based on an internet survey with 3 825 valid questionnaires, we distinguished the general public into TGNC, cisgender heterosexual, and cisgender non-heterosexual individuals. Then we classified TGNC individuals into trans females, trans males, and non-binary/genderqueer people and cisgender individuals into cisgender females and cisgender males. The chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression were used. We found that the evident gender and sexuality disparities in perception, attitude, and social intimacy toward TGNC individuals exist both in and out of TGNC individuals. Negative perceptions and attitudes as well as alienated social intimacy were most pronounced among cisgender heterosexual people (Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression: all <i>p</i> < .001). Cisgender females exhibit higher levels of supportiveness compared to cisgender males. Trans females were the most positive while they also had more concerns regarding public space and gender expression-related issues. The findings are practical for community-based advocacy for raising public awareness of the presences and experiences of TGNC people in Sinophone societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homosexuality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05Epub Date: 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2284809
Guendalina Di Luigi, Benjamin Claréus, Theodor Mejias Nihlén, Anna Malmquist, Matilda Wurm, Tove Lundberg
The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of a Swedish translation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggressions Scale (SOMS) in a convenience sample of 267 Swedish LGB+ people (Mean age = 36.41). Testing suggested some strengths in terms of factor structure and 2-week test-retest reliability (ICC > .79). Also, internal consistency (α = .80-.91) and convergent validity were supported for most subscales. However, the Assumption of Deviance subscale was associated with low response variability and internal consistency (α = .35), and the correlational pattern between the Environmental Microaggressions subscale and mental health variables diverged from the overall trend. Furthermore, measurement invariance between homo- and bisexual participants was not supported for most subscales, and although microaggressions would be theoretically irrelevant to a small comparison sample of heterosexual people (N = 76, Mean age = 40.43), metric invariance of the Environmental Microaggressions subscale was supported in comparison to LGB+ people. We argue that these limitations suggest a restricted applicability of the SOMS in a Swedish context, and this has consequences for the definition and operationalization of the construct of microaggressions as a whole. Therefore, more research on the latent properties of microaggressions in Swedish as well as in other contexts is required.
{"title":"Psychometric Exploration of the Swedish Translation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggressions Scale (SOMS), and a Commentary on the Validity of the Construct of Microaggressions.","authors":"Guendalina Di Luigi, Benjamin Claréus, Theodor Mejias Nihlén, Anna Malmquist, Matilda Wurm, Tove Lundberg","doi":"10.1080/00918369.2023.2284809","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00918369.2023.2284809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of a Swedish translation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggressions Scale (SOMS) in a convenience sample of 267 Swedish LGB+ people (Mean age = 36.41). Testing suggested some strengths in terms of factor structure and 2-week test-retest reliability (ICC > .79). Also, internal consistency (α = .80-.91) and convergent validity were supported for most subscales. However, the <i>Assumption of Deviance</i> subscale was associated with low response variability and internal consistency (α = .35), and the correlational pattern between the <i>Environmental Microaggressions</i> subscale and mental health variables diverged from the overall trend. Furthermore, measurement invariance between homo- and bisexual participants was not supported for most subscales, and although microaggressions would be theoretically irrelevant to a small comparison sample of heterosexual people (<i>N</i> = 76, Mean age = 40.43), metric invariance of the <i>Environmental Microaggressions</i> subscale was supported in comparison to LGB+ people. We argue that these limitations suggest a restricted applicability of the SOMS in a Swedish context, and this has consequences for the definition and operationalization of the construct of microaggressions as a whole. Therefore, more research on the latent properties of microaggressions in Swedish as well as in other contexts is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":48221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homosexuality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}