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High-Speed Three-Dimensional-Digital Image Correlation and Schlieren Imaging Integrated With Shock Tube Loading for Investigating Dynamic Response of Human Tympanic Membrane Exposed to Blasts. 高速三维数字图像相关性和 Schlieren 图像与冲击管加载相结合,用于研究暴露于爆炸物的人体鼓膜的动态响应。
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1115/1.4066622
Anahita Alipanahi, Jonathan Oliveira Luiz, John J Rosowski, Cosme Furlong, Jeffrey Tao Cheng

Investigating the dynamic response of human tympanic membranes (TMs) exposed to blasts requires full-field-of-view and three-dimensional (3D) methodologies. Our paper introduces a system that combines high-speed 3D digital image correlation (HS 3D-DIC) and Schlieren imaging (HS-SI) with a custom-designed shock tube for generating blast waves. This integrated system allows us to measure TM surface motions under intense transient loading, capturing full-field-of-view shape deformations exceeding 100 μm with a temporal resolution of 10 μs. System characterization encompasses (i) measuring the shock tube's output levels and repeatability, (ii) assessment of the spatial and temporal resolutions of the imaging techniques, and (iii) identification of overall system limitations. Optimizing these factors is crucial for improving the reliability of our system to ensure the accurate measurement of deformations. To assess our shock tube's reliability in generating repeated blast waves, we instrumented it with high-pressure (HP) and high-frequency (HF) pressure sensors along the blast wave pathway to record overpressure waveforms and compared them with Schlieren imaging visualized blast waves. We validate our HS 3D-DIC measured deformations by comparing them with deformations measured using single-point laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), establishing a comprehensive assessment of the TM's dynamic response and potential fracture mechanics under blast. Finally, we test our approach with 3D-printed TM-like samples and a real cadaveric human TM. This methodology lays the groundwork for further investigations of blast-related auditory damage and the invention of more effective protective and medical solutions.

研究人体鼓膜(TM)暴露于爆炸物时的动态反应需要全视场和三维(3D)方法。我们的论文介绍了一种将高速三维数字图像相关性(HS 3D-DIC )和 Schlieren 成像(HS-SI)与用于产生爆炸波的定制设计的冲击管相结合的系统。这种集成系统使我们能够测量强烈瞬态加载下的 TM 表面运动,捕捉超过 100 μm 的全视场形状变形,时间分辨率为 10 μs。系统鉴定包括:(i) 测量冲击管的输出水平和可重复性;(ii) 评估成像技术的空间和时间分辨率;(iii) 确定整个系统的局限性。优化这些因素对于提高我们系统的可靠性以确保精确测量变形至关重要。为了评估冲击管在产生重复冲击波时的可靠性,我们在冲击波路径上安装了高压(HP)和高频(HF)压力传感器,以记录超压波形,并将其与 Schlieren 成像可视化冲击波进行比较。我们将 HS 3D-DIC 测量的变形与单点激光多普勒测振仪 (LDV) 测量的变形进行比较,从而验证我们的 HS 3D-DIC 测量变形,建立了对爆破下 TM 动态响应和潜在断裂力学的全面评估。最后,我们用 3D 打印的 TM 样品和真实的人体尸体 TM 对我们的方法进行了测试。这种方法为进一步研究与爆炸相关的听觉损伤以及发明更有效的保护和医疗解决方案奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying the Fascicular Changes in Recovered Achilles Tendon Patients Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Tractography. 利用弥散磁共振成像和韧带造影术量化跟腱康复患者的筋膜变化
Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1115/1.4066623
Shabnam Rahimnezhad, Tanzil M Arefin, Xiaoxiao Bai, Thomas Neuberger, Daniel Cortes

Regardless of the way of treatment, persistent deficits in calf muscles in recovered patients from Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) exist long-term postinjury. Studies on calf muscle changes mostly highlight morphological changes in the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. However, limited attention has been given to fascicular changes. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can provide a better understanding of the characteristics and properties of tissues with organized microstructure. In the current study, we used DTI-derived indices (mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues-λ 1, λ 2, and λ 3) and fiber tractography to better understand the soleus muscle after recovery from ATR by comparing the results of injured legs with healthy ones. Our findings suggest that the standard deviations of measured parameters (FA, MD, and eigenvalues) within the soleus muscle are better predictors of the changes associated with the ATR as compared to the control counterpart for the volumetric region of interest (ROI). Additionally, in four out of five participants, smaller tracts were observed in the injured leg compared to the healthy one, as evidenced by the fiber length distribution of the tracts. Altogether, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the DTI and fiber tractography approaches to quantify the fascicular changes in the individuals recovered from ATR.

无论采用何种治疗方法,跟腱断裂(ATR)康复者的小腿肌肉在伤后长期存在持续性缺陷。有关小腿肌肉变化的研究大多强调小腿肌肉和跟腱的形态变化。然而,人们对筋膜变化的关注有限。弥散张量成像(DTI)可以更好地了解具有组织微观结构的组织的特征和特性。在本研究中,我们使用了 DTI 衍生指数(平均扩散率 (MD)、分数各向异性 (FA)、特征值-λ 1、λ 2 和 λ 3)和纤维束成像,通过比较受伤腿和健康腿的结果,更好地了解比目鱼肌从 ATR 恢复后的情况。我们的研究结果表明,与对照组相比,比目鱼肌内测量参数(FA、MD 和特征值)的标准偏差能更好地预测与 ATR 相关的容积感兴趣区(ROI)的变化。此外,从纤维束的长度分布来看,在五名参与者中的四名,受伤腿部的纤维束比健康腿部的要小。总之,这项研究证明了用 DTI 和纤维束成像方法量化 ATR 康复者筋膜变化的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Oxygen-ozone therapy for myocardial ischemic stroke and cardiovascular disorders. 氧-臭氧疗法治疗心肌缺血中风和心血管疾病。
IF 3 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-23-00013
Sergio Pandolfi, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Marianno Franzini, Umberto Tirelli, Luigi Valdenassi

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major concern for human health worldwide. Emergencies in this field include wide repertories of studies dealing primarily with CVD prevention. In addition to dietary habits and lifestyles, medical knowledge is fully needed to improve public educational programs toward cardiovascular risk factors and to enrich the endowment of pharmaceutical options and therapies to address CVDs, particularly for ischemic damage due to an impairment in the endothelial-myocardial relationship. Because ozone is a stimulator of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway, ozone therapy has been widely demonstrated to have the ability to counteract endothelial-cardiac disorders, providing a novel straightforward opportunity to reduce the impact of CVDs, including atrial fibrillation. In this review, we attempt to establish a state-of-the-art method for the use of ozone in CVD, suggesting that future remarks be addressed to provide fundamental insights into this issue. The purpose of this study was to highlight the role of ozone in the adjunctive medical treatment of cardiovascular pathologies such as acute myocardial infarction due to ischemic disorders.

心血管疾病(CVDs)是全球人类健康的一大隐患。该领域的紧急事件包括主要涉及心血管疾病预防的大量研究。除了饮食习惯和生活方式外,医学知识也是改善心血管风险因素公共教育计划和丰富应对心血管疾病的药物选择和疗法所必需的,尤其是针对由于内皮与心肌关系受损而导致的缺血性损伤。由于臭氧是内皮一氧化氮合成酶/一氧化氮通路的刺激物,臭氧疗法已被广泛证明具有对抗内皮-心脏失调的能力,为减少心血管疾病(包括心房颤动)的影响提供了一个新的直接机会。在这篇综述中,我们试图为臭氧在心血管疾病中的应用建立一种最先进的方法,并建议今后的讨论要针对这一问题提供根本性的见解。本研究的目的是强调臭氧在心血管病变(如缺血性疾病导致的急性心肌梗塞)的辅助医疗中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Disrupting the activity of endogenous gas neurotransmitters: a therapeutic strategy using engineered metal-organic frameworks for cancer. 干扰内源性气体神经递质的活性:利用工程金属有机框架治疗癌症的策略。
IF 3 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00046
Nan Wang, Yichao Tao, Yang Yang, Yuqin Jin, Hui Zhang, Cheng Li, Huanlong Qin, Qian Chen
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引用次数: 0
Heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system and development of the heart. 血红素含氧酶/一氧化碳系统与心脏的发育
IF 3 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00031
Vicki L Mahan

Progressive differentiation controlled by intercellular signaling between pharyngeal mesoderm, foregut endoderm, and neural crest-derived mesenchyme is required for normal embryonic and fetal development. Gasotransmitters (criteria: 1) a small gas molecule; 2) freely permeable across membranes; 3) endogenously and enzymatically produced and its production regulated; 4) well-defined and specific functions at physiologically relevant concentrations; 5) functions can be mimicked by exogenously applied counterpart; and 6) cellular effects may or may not be second messenger-mediated, but should have specific cellular and molecular targets) are integral to gametogenesis and subsequent embryogenesis, fetal development, and normal heart maturation. Important for in utero development, the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system is expressed during gametogenesis, by the placenta, during embryonic development, and by the fetus. Complex sequences of biochemical pathways result in the progressive maturation of the human heart in utero . The resulting myocardial architecture, consisting of working myocardium, coronary arteries and veins, epicardium, valves and cardiac skeleton, endocardial lining, and cardiac conduction system, determines function. Oxygen metabolism in normal and maldeveloping hearts, which develop under reduced and fluctuating oxygen concentrations, is poorly understood. "Normal" hypoxia is critical for heart formation, but "abnormal" hypoxia in utero affects cardiogenesis. The heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system is important for in utero cardiac development, and other factors also result in alterations of the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system during in utero cardiac development. This review will address the role of the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system during cardiac development in embryo and fetal development.

咽中胚层、前肠内胚层和神经嵴衍生间充质之间的细胞间信号控制的渐进分化是正常胚胎和胎儿发育所必需的。气体传递介质(标准:1)小气体分子;2)可自由透过膜;3)内源和酶促产生,其产生受调控;4)在生理相关浓度下具有明确和特定的功能;5)功能可被外源应用的对应物模拟;以及 6)细胞效应可能是也可能不是第二信使介导的,但应具有特定的细胞和分子靶标)是配子发生、随后的胚胎发生、胎儿发育和正常心脏成熟不可或缺的因素。血红素加氧酶/一氧化碳系统对子宫内发育非常重要,在配子发生过程中、胎盘、胚胎发育过程中和胎儿体内都有表达。一系列复杂的生化途径导致人类心脏在子宫内逐渐成熟。由此形成的心肌结构由工作心肌、冠状动脉和静脉、心外膜、瓣膜和心脏骨架、心内膜和心脏传导系统组成,决定了心脏的功能。正常和发育不良的心脏是在氧浓度降低和波动的情况下发育的,因此人们对这些心脏的氧代谢知之甚少。"正常 "缺氧对心脏的形成至关重要,但子宫内 "异常 "缺氧会影响心脏的生成。血红素含氧酶/一氧化碳系统对子宫内心脏的发育非常重要,其他因素也会导致子宫内心脏发育过程中血红素含氧酶/一氧化碳系统的改变。本综述将探讨血红素加氧酶/一氧化碳系统在胚胎和胎儿心脏发育过程中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment promotes tendon-bone interface healing in a rabbit model of rotator cuff tears. 高压氧治疗可促进肩袖撕裂兔模型中肌腱与骨骼界面的愈合。
IF 3 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00034
Hongqiu Li, Meiling Xiao, Feng Yang, Zhonghai Zhao, A Liang

Due to the high-intensity pressure that the shoulder cuff endures, it is prone to traumas and tears. The main critical function of the shoulder cuff muscles is to effectively facilitate shoulder movement and securely maintain the humeral head in the precise center of the joint cavity to prevent superior migration during abduction processes. Shoulder cuff injuries typically involve the muscle-tendon-bone interface, but existing repair techniques do not always guarantee complete and secure healing, leading to retears. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as an auxiliary treatment, can significantly promote the muscle-tendon-bone healing process. To explore the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the bone-tendon interface healing process in a rabbit model specifically designed for shoulder cuff tears, an experiment was conducted on New Zealand white rabbits by performing a full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon in the left shoulder, followed by 2 hours per day of 100% oxygen treatment at 2 absolute atmospheres for 5 days. The results indicate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy significantly enhances vascularization at the interface between the shoulder cuff and tendon-bone, promotes collagen fiber regeneration in the tendon, improves the tensile strength of the tendon-bone complex, and does not have a significant effect on biomechanical stability. This suggests that hyperbaric oxygen therapy has a significant positive impact on the histological and biomechanical healing of shoulder cuff tears in rabbits, expediting the healing process of the tendon-bone interface.

由于肩袖承受着高强度的压力,因此很容易出现创伤和撕裂。肩袖肌肉的主要关键功能是有效促进肩部运动,并将肱骨头稳固地保持在关节腔的精确中心,以防止在外展过程中发生上移。肩袖损伤通常涉及肌肉-肌腱-骨骼界面,但现有的修复技术并不总能保证完全和安全愈合,从而导致再次撕裂。高压氧疗法作为一种辅助治疗手段,可显著促进肌肉-肌腱-骨骼的愈合过程。为了探索高压氧疗法对专门为肩袖撕裂设计的兔子模型中骨-肌腱界面愈合过程的影响,我们在新西兰白兔身上进行了一项实验,对左肩冈上肌腱进行全厚撕裂,然后每天在 2 个绝对大气压下进行 2 小时的 100% 氧气治疗,持续 5 天。结果表明,高压氧疗法能显著增强肩袖与肌腱骨界面的血管生成,促进肌腱中胶原纤维的再生,提高肌腱骨复合体的抗拉强度,但对生物力学稳定性没有明显影响。这表明高压氧疗法对兔子肩袖撕裂的组织学和生物力学愈合有显著的积极影响,能加快肌腱-骨骼界面的愈合过程。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation of lung function with brachial artery function and cardiac function in divers after hyperbaric exposure. 高压氧暴露后潜水员肺功能与肱动脉功能和心脏功能的相关性。
IF 3 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00037
Lijun Yin, Tingting Zhang, Yukun Wen, Xuhua Yu, Jiajun Xu, Shifeng Wang, Wenwu Liu
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引用次数: 0
Not a laughing matter: revisiting nitric oxide as a potential target for glaucoma therapy. 并非笑谈:重新审视一氧化氮作为青光眼治疗的潜在靶点。
IF 3 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00004
Ayobami Adebayo, Eyitayo Adebayo
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the link: exploring muscle oxygen saturation in fibromyalgia and its implications for symptomatology and therapeutic strategies. 揭示联系:探索纤维肌痛中的肌肉氧饱和度及其对症状学和治疗策略的影响。
IF 3 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00013
Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Jose A Parraca, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera, Vicente J Clemente-Suárez

Fibromyalgia, characterized as a complex chronic pain syndrome, presents with symptoms of pervasive musculoskeletal pain, significant fatigue, and pronounced sensitivity at specific anatomical sites. Despite extensive research efforts, the origins of fibromyalgia remain enigmatic. This narrative review explores the intricate relationship between muscle oxygen saturation and fibromyalgia, positing that disruptions in the oxygenation processes within muscle tissues markedly influence the symptom profile of this disorder. Muscle oxygen saturation, crucial for muscle function, has been meticulously investigated in fibromyalgia patients through non-invasive techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The body of evidence consistently indicates substantial alterations in oxygen utilization within muscle fibers, manifesting as reduced efficiency in oxygen uptake during both rest and physical activity. These anomalies play a significant role in fibromyalgia's symptomatology, especially in terms of chronic pain and severe fatigue, potentially creating conditions that heighten pain sensitivity and accumulate metabolic byproducts. Hypothesized mechanisms for these findings encompass dysfunctions in microcirculation, mitochondrial irregularities, and autonomic nervous system disturbances, all meriting further research. Understanding the dynamics of muscle oxygen saturation in fibromyalgia is of paramount clinical importance, offering the potential for tailored therapeutic approaches to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for sufferers. This investigation not only opens new avenues for innovative research but also fosters hope for more effective treatment strategies and improved outcomes for individuals with fibromyalgia.

纤维肌痛是一种复杂的慢性疼痛综合征,表现为普遍的肌肉骨骼疼痛、明显的疲劳和特定解剖部位的明显敏感。尽管进行了广泛的研究,纤维肌痛的起源仍是一个谜。这篇叙述性综述探讨了肌肉氧饱和度与纤维肌痛之间错综复杂的关系,认为肌肉组织内氧合过程的紊乱明显影响了这种疾病的症状特征。肌肉氧饱和度对肌肉功能至关重要,已通过近红外光谱和磁共振成像等非侵入性技术对纤维肌痛患者的肌肉氧饱和度进行了细致的研究。大量证据一致表明,肌肉纤维内的氧利用率发生了重大改变,表现为在休息和体力活动期间摄氧效率降低。这些异常在纤维肌痛的症状学中扮演着重要角色,尤其是在慢性疼痛和严重疲劳方面,有可能造成疼痛敏感度升高和代谢副产品累积的情况。这些发现的假设机制包括微循环功能障碍、线粒体异常和自律神经系统紊乱,所有这些都值得进一步研究。了解纤维肌痛患者肌肉血氧饱和度的动态变化具有重要的临床意义,它为量身定制的治疗方法提供了可能性,可减轻症状并改善患者的生活质量。这项研究不仅为创新性研究开辟了新途径,还为纤维肌痛患者制定更有效的治疗策略和改善治疗效果带来了希望。
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引用次数: 0
Gas-related pathological events and therapeutic failures: a case of oxygen at the microcirculatory and lymphatic level. 与气体有关的病理事件和治疗失败:微循环和淋巴层面的氧气案例。
IF 3 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00047
Gerardo Tricarico, Mauro Poggialini, Valter Travagli
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引用次数: 0
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