Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01932-6
Mao-Zhou Xu, Yu-Tong Li, Cheng-Quan Cao
Megaloptera larvae are important bioindicator species and potential resource insects. To further cultivate their economic role, their living environment must be examined in more detail. In this study, we analyzed the physiological and biochemical effects of a sublethal dose of imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, on the larvae of Protohermes xanthodes. After treatment with imidacloprid, P. xanthodes larvae exhibited clear symptoms of poisoning, including the head curling up toward the ventral surface. Additionally, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited following exposure. The activities of glutathione S-transferases initially continuously increased but showed a slight decrease after 8 days. Catalase activity initially increased and then decreased following imidacloprid treatment; superoxide dismutase activity fluctuated over time, and peroxidase activity continuously increased. The expression levels of HSP70s genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. These results indicate that P. xanthodes larvae exhibit a toxic response to imidacloprid exposure, manifested as oxidative stress, as observed through behavioral and physiological indicators.
{"title":"Physiological and gene expression responses of Protohermes xanthodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) larvae to imidacloprid.","authors":"Mao-Zhou Xu, Yu-Tong Li, Cheng-Quan Cao","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01932-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-024-01932-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Megaloptera larvae are important bioindicator species and potential resource insects. To further cultivate their economic role, their living environment must be examined in more detail. In this study, we analyzed the physiological and biochemical effects of a sublethal dose of imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, on the larvae of Protohermes xanthodes. After treatment with imidacloprid, P. xanthodes larvae exhibited clear symptoms of poisoning, including the head curling up toward the ventral surface. Additionally, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited following exposure. The activities of glutathione S-transferases initially continuously increased but showed a slight decrease after 8 days. Catalase activity initially increased and then decreased following imidacloprid treatment; superoxide dismutase activity fluctuated over time, and peroxidase activity continuously increased. The expression levels of HSP70s genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. These results indicate that P. xanthodes larvae exhibit a toxic response to imidacloprid exposure, manifested as oxidative stress, as observed through behavioral and physiological indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiqiang Xiong, Jin Zeng, Ming Zhao, Liwei Liu, Siyu Zhang, Shuo Deng, daxu liu, Xuejiao Zhang, Qing Zhao, Baoshan Xing
The release of black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets has raised concerns regarding potential ecological risks. Previous studies have confirmed their toxicity to bacteria, but discrepancies were observed between results obtained from the growth curve and colony forming unit (CFU) methods, indicating the possibility of bacterial cells entering a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state induced by BP nanosheets. To accurately assess the risks, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effect of BP nanosheets on Bacillustropicus, a gram-positive bacterium, using transcriptome sequencing and biological assays. Our findings revealed that BP nanosheets caused minimal cell death but predominately induced the VBNC state in most cells. At the transcriptional level, we observed significant down-regulation of pathways associated with cellular metabolism and respiratory chain in response to BP nanosheet treatment. Bacterial cells in the VBNC state exhibited depressed respiration to maintain basal cellular activity. Additionally, the reduced cellular respiration and metabolic activity were associated with a decrease in antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria. These results provide new insights into the antibacterial mechanisms of BP nanosheets and emphasize the necessity of employing appropriate approaches, beyond the traditional CFU method, to assess the bacterial toxicity of nanomaterials.
黑磷（BP）纳米片的释放引起了人们对潜在生态风险的关注。先前的研究已经证实了它们对细菌的毒性，但观察到生长曲线和菌落形成单位（CFU）方法得出的结果之间存在差异，这表明细菌细胞有可能在 BP 纳米片的诱导下进入可存活但不可培养（VBNC）的状态。为了准确评估风险，了解其潜在机制至关重要。在本研究中，我们使用转录组测序和生物检测方法研究了 BP 纳米片对革兰氏阳性细菌 Bacillustropicus 的影响。我们的研究结果表明，BP 纳米片导致的细胞死亡极少，但主要诱导了大多数细胞的 VBNC 状态。在转录水平上，我们观察到与细胞代谢和呼吸链相关的通路在 BP 纳米片处理后显著下调。处于 VBNC 状态的细菌细胞表现出呼吸抑制，以维持基本的细胞活性。此外，细胞呼吸和代谢活动的降低与细菌对抗生素敏感性的降低有关。这些结果为了解 BP 纳米片的抗菌机制提供了新的视角，并强调除了传统的 CFU 方法外，还必须采用适当的方法来评估纳米材料的细菌毒性。
{"title":"Unveiling the mechanisms of black phosphorus nanosheets-induced viable but non-culturable state in Bacillus tropicus","authors":"Zhiqiang Xiong, Jin Zeng, Ming Zhao, Liwei Liu, Siyu Zhang, Shuo Deng, daxu liu, Xuejiao Zhang, Qing Zhao, Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1039/d4en00607k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00607k","url":null,"abstract":"The release of black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets has raised concerns regarding potential ecological risks. Previous studies have confirmed their toxicity to bacteria, but discrepancies were observed between results obtained from the growth curve and colony forming unit (CFU) methods, indicating the possibility of bacterial cells entering a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state induced by BP nanosheets. To accurately assess the risks, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effect of BP nanosheets on Bacillustropicus, a gram-positive bacterium, using transcriptome sequencing and biological assays. Our findings revealed that BP nanosheets caused minimal cell death but predominately induced the VBNC state in most cells. At the transcriptional level, we observed significant down-regulation of pathways associated with cellular metabolism and respiratory chain in response to BP nanosheet treatment. Bacterial cells in the VBNC state exhibited depressed respiration to maintain basal cellular activity. Additionally, the reduced cellular respiration and metabolic activity were associated with a decrease in antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria. These results provide new insights into the antibacterial mechanisms of BP nanosheets and emphasize the necessity of employing appropriate approaches, beyond the traditional CFU method, to assess the bacterial toxicity of nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahalakshmi Kamalakannan, John Thomas, Natarajan Chandrasekaran
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) have become a ubiquitous environmental threat that can harm living organisms. Other pollutants such as copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) bind with PSNPs and humic acid (HA), alleviating the toxicity of PSNPs. In this study, individual PSNPs were interacted with CuNPs and HA to study their combined toxicity on Artemia salina. The size of PSNPs increased after 72 h of interaction with CuNPs. FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed that CuNPs bind to the surface of PSNPs. It was found that HA adsorbed more strongly onto PSNPs than CuNPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed the adsorption of HA and CuNPs onto the surface of PSNPs. Toxicity experiments showed a decreased toxicity of PSNPs and CuNPs upon their combination with HA (humic acid). Microscopic analysis showed particle accumulation in Artemia salina. The mortality rate of Artemia salina is higher in PSNP + CuNP combination. PSNPs + CuNPs showed higher production of antioxidant enzymes, and PSNPs + CuNPs + HA showed lower toxicity. This study shows that the presence of HA can lead to a reduction in the toxicity of PSNPs and CuNPs, suggesting their potential application in environmental remediation.
{"title":"Humic acid alleviates the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in combination with their copper nanoparticle co-pollutants in Artemia salina","authors":"Mahalakshmi Kamalakannan, John Thomas, Natarajan Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.1039/d4en00437j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00437j","url":null,"abstract":"Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) have become a ubiquitous environmental threat that can harm living organisms. Other pollutants such as copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) bind with PSNPs and humic acid (HA), alleviating the toxicity of PSNPs. In this study, individual PSNPs were interacted with CuNPs and HA to study their combined toxicity on <em>Artemia salina</em>. The size of PSNPs increased after 72 h of interaction with CuNPs. FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed that CuNPs bind to the surface of PSNPs. It was found that HA adsorbed more strongly onto PSNPs than CuNPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed the adsorption of HA and CuNPs onto the surface of PSNPs. Toxicity experiments showed a decreased toxicity of PSNPs and CuNPs upon their combination with HA (humic acid). Microscopic analysis showed particle accumulation in <em>Artemia salina</em>. The mortality rate of <em>Artemia salina</em> is higher in PSNP + CuNP combination. PSNPs + CuNPs showed higher production of antioxidant enzymes, and PSNPs + CuNPs + HA showed lower toxicity. This study shows that the presence of HA can lead to a reduction in the toxicity of PSNPs and CuNPs, suggesting their potential application in environmental remediation.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonia Bruno, Farida Tripodi, Alice Armanni, Linda Barbieri, Alessandro Colombo, Sara Fumagalli, Hind Moukham, Giulia Tomaino, Ekaterina Kukushkina, Roberto Lorenzi, Letizia Marchesi, Angelo Monguzzi, Alberto Paleari, Alessandra Ronchi, Valeria Secchi, Laura Sironi, Miriam Colombo
Hospitals serve as critical environments for the management of diverse medical conditions, ranging from routine illnesses to life-threatening emergencies. However, alongside providing healthcare services, hospitals represent reservoirs for the transmission of microbial pathogens. Understanding the distribution and dynamics of pathogens within hospital settings is crucial for effective infection control and prevention strategies. Concurrently, the integration of cutting-edge technologies for the early detection and monitoring of target bacteria stands as a pivotal strategy in this battle against nosocomial infections. This critical review aims to provide a systematic insight into the main threatening microbes in hospitals and the detection of pathogens in different environments, ranging from intensive care units to general wards, including hospital entrances, bathrooms, high-touch surfaces, patient bed rails, medical equipment, and floors, which are often contaminated. We discuss recent scientific and technological advances in pathogen detection by exploring innovative methods that leverage nanotechnology to improve biosensing effectiveness and selectivity. This review is divided into sections focusing on various types of hospital environments, classes of mostly represented pathogens and kinds of available nanobiosensors. We include two comprehensive tables summarizing bacterial contamination in hospital wards and the materials and substrates associated with the nanobiosensors that have been developed. Eventually, we highlight the open challenges and perspectives in nanotechnology-based healthcare-environment monitoring and remediation as a promising solution to counteract pathogen emergence and spread.
{"title":"Advancements in nanosensors for detecting pathogens in healthcare environments","authors":"Antonia Bruno, Farida Tripodi, Alice Armanni, Linda Barbieri, Alessandro Colombo, Sara Fumagalli, Hind Moukham, Giulia Tomaino, Ekaterina Kukushkina, Roberto Lorenzi, Letizia Marchesi, Angelo Monguzzi, Alberto Paleari, Alessandra Ronchi, Valeria Secchi, Laura Sironi, Miriam Colombo","doi":"10.1039/d4en00381k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00381k","url":null,"abstract":"Hospitals serve as critical environments for the management of diverse medical conditions, ranging from routine illnesses to life-threatening emergencies. However, alongside providing healthcare services, hospitals represent reservoirs for the transmission of microbial pathogens. Understanding the distribution and dynamics of pathogens within hospital settings is crucial for effective infection control and prevention strategies. Concurrently, the integration of cutting-edge technologies for the early detection and monitoring of target bacteria stands as a pivotal strategy in this battle against nosocomial infections. This critical review aims to provide a systematic insight into the main threatening microbes in hospitals and the detection of pathogens in different environments, ranging from intensive care units to general wards, including hospital entrances, bathrooms, high-touch surfaces, patient bed rails, medical equipment, and floors, which are often contaminated. We discuss recent scientific and technological advances in pathogen detection by exploring innovative methods that leverage nanotechnology to improve biosensing effectiveness and selectivity. This review is divided into sections focusing on various types of hospital environments, classes of mostly represented pathogens and kinds of available nanobiosensors. We include two comprehensive tables summarizing bacterial contamination in hospital wards and the materials and substrates associated with the nanobiosensors that have been developed. Eventually, we highlight the open challenges and perspectives in nanotechnology-based healthcare-environment monitoring and remediation as a promising solution to counteract pathogen emergence and spread.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102922
The Three Horizons for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a novel participatory approach to co-create future sustainable scenarios for supporting the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Whereas the approach has been applied to inform the design of global-scale sustainability scenarios based on regional perspectives, it has not been implemented to explore how local and regional scenarios can be connected across sites and scales to inform governance processes in the implementation of the SDGs. This study applies an adapted version of the Three Horizons for the SDGs approach in four sites at regional and local scales in Spanish drylands to explore its potential to support policy coherence at multiple governance scales for advancing SDG implementation through dialogue between actors from multiple sectors. We conducted four two-day in-person workshops with diverse actors (n = 59) to explore their perceptions about the desired futures, current concerns, and strategies to achieve sustainable futures in the region. Results reveal 27 similar and nine dissimilar themes related to desired futures and current concerns, respectively. These findings provide common ground and highlight different contextual realities between sites that may serve as a basis for harmonizing policy priorities for advancing regional and local SDG implementation. The study also identifies 19 themes encompassing multiple strategies with the potential to establish associations across sites and scales to coordinate actions in alignment with the 2030 Agenda. We argue that the adapted version of the Three Horizons for the SDGs approach can serve as a tool to support coherent multi-scale governance needed to achieve global sustainability goals. We discuss lessons learned and limitations encountered from using the approach that provides guidance for future experiences.
{"title":"Applying the Three Horizons approach in local and regional scenarios to support policy coherence in SDG implementation: Insights from arid Spain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Three Horizons for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a novel participatory approach to co-create future sustainable scenarios for supporting the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Whereas the approach has been applied to inform the design of global-scale sustainability scenarios based on regional perspectives, it has not been implemented to explore how local and regional scenarios can be connected across sites and scales to inform governance processes in the implementation of the SDGs. This study applies an adapted version of the Three Horizons for the SDGs approach in four sites at regional and local scales in Spanish drylands to explore its potential to support policy coherence at multiple governance scales for advancing SDG implementation through dialogue between actors from multiple sectors. We conducted four two-day in-person workshops with diverse actors (n = 59) to explore their perceptions about the desired futures, current concerns, and strategies to achieve sustainable futures in the region. Results reveal 27 similar and nine dissimilar themes related to desired futures and current concerns, respectively. These findings provide common ground and highlight different contextual realities between sites that may serve as a basis for harmonizing policy priorities for advancing regional and local SDG implementation. The study also identifies 19 themes encompassing multiple strategies with the potential to establish associations across sites and scales to coordinate actions in alignment with the 2030 Agenda. We argue that the adapted version of the Three Horizons for the SDGs approach can serve as a tool to support coherent multi-scale governance needed to achieve global sustainability goals. We discuss lessons learned and limitations encountered from using the approach that provides guidance for future experiences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease severely impacts wheat production and quality. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are demonstrated as an eco-friendly option for diseases management, but the specific mechanisms behind their ability to confer disease resistance in wheat have not been adequately characterized. This study evaluates the impact of SiNP200 on the resistance of wheat to FHB. Scanning electron microscope observation showed that SiNPs form a physical barrier on the surface of wheat leaves. Pathogenicity tests indicated foliar application of SiNP200 can protect wheat against F. graminearum, resulting in a significant reduction of lesion length by 27.7%, but in-vitro cultivation showed that SiNP200 had no impact on pathogen growth. Antioxidant enzyme activity analysis showed that SiNP200 had little effect on H2O2 contents, POD, and CAT activities under non-stress conditions, but under F. graminearum infection conditions, SiNP200 increased POD and SOD activities while decreased CAT and DHAR activities, and GSH content. Histochemical staining indicated that SiNP200 decreased ROS accumulation, thus reducing oxidative damage. Meanwhile, SiNP200 decreased MDA and Pro contents. Furthermore, SiNP200 increased SA response marker genes (TaPR1a, TaPR2 and TaPR5) expression levels and SA content, contributing to the enhanced wheat resistance to FHB. Summarily, SiNP200 improve wheat resistance to FHB, thereby providing a theoretical basis for SiNP200 application to control this disease.
{"title":"Silica nanoparticles enhance wheat resistance to fusarium head blight through modulating antioxidant enzyme activities and salicylic acid accumulation","authors":"Junliang Yin, Keke Li, Xi Liu, Shuo Han, Xiaowen Han, Wei Liu, Yiting Li, Yunfeng Chen, Yongxing Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d4en00435c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00435c","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease severely impacts wheat production and quality. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are demonstrated as an eco-friendly option for diseases management, but the specific mechanisms behind their ability to confer disease resistance in wheat have not been adequately characterized. This study evaluates the impact of SiNP200 on the resistance of wheat to FHB. Scanning electron microscope observation showed that SiNPs form a physical barrier on the surface of wheat leaves. Pathogenicity tests indicated foliar application of SiNP200 can protect wheat against F. graminearum, resulting in a significant reduction of lesion length by 27.7%, but in-vitro cultivation showed that SiNP200 had no impact on pathogen growth. Antioxidant enzyme activity analysis showed that SiNP200 had little effect on H2O2 contents, POD, and CAT activities under non-stress conditions, but under F. graminearum infection conditions, SiNP200 increased POD and SOD activities while decreased CAT and DHAR activities, and GSH content. Histochemical staining indicated that SiNP200 decreased ROS accumulation, thus reducing oxidative damage. Meanwhile, SiNP200 decreased MDA and Pro contents. Furthermore, SiNP200 increased SA response marker genes (TaPR1a, TaPR2 and TaPR5) expression levels and SA content, contributing to the enhanced wheat resistance to FHB. Summarily, SiNP200 improve wheat resistance to FHB, thereby providing a theoretical basis for SiNP200 application to control this disease.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmoud G. Soliman, Alberto Martinez-Serra, Giulia Antonello, Marko Dobricic, Terence Wilkins, Tommaso Serchi, Ivana Fenoglio, Marco P. Monopoli
Nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly used in medical treatments, electronics, and food additives. However, nanosafety—the possible adverse effects of NMs on human health—is an area of active research. This review provides an overview of the influence of biomolecular coronas on NM transformation following various exposure routes. We discuss potential exposure pathways, including inhalation and ingestion, describing the physiology of exposure routes and emphasising the relevance of coronas in these environments. Additionally, we review other routes to NM exposure, such as synovial fluid, blood (translocation and injection), dermal and ocular exposure, as well as the dose and medium impact on NM interactions. We emphasize the need for an in-depth characterisation of coronas in different biological media, highlighting the need and opportunity to study lung and gastric fluids to understand NM behaviour and potential toxicity. Future research aims to predict better in vivo outcomes and address the complexities of NM interactions with biological systems.
{"title":"Understanding the role of biomolecular coronas in human exposure to nanomaterials","authors":"Mahmoud G. Soliman, Alberto Martinez-Serra, Giulia Antonello, Marko Dobricic, Terence Wilkins, Tommaso Serchi, Ivana Fenoglio, Marco P. Monopoli","doi":"10.1039/d4en00488d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00488d","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly used in medical treatments, electronics, and food additives. However, nanosafety—the possible adverse effects of NMs on human health—is an area of active research. This review provides an overview of the influence of biomolecular coronas on NM transformation following various exposure routes. We discuss potential exposure pathways, including inhalation and ingestion, describing the physiology of exposure routes and emphasising the relevance of coronas in these environments. Additionally, we review other routes to NM exposure, such as synovial fluid, blood (translocation and injection), dermal and ocular exposure, as well as the dose and medium impact on NM interactions. We emphasize the need for an in-depth characterisation of coronas in different biological media, highlighting the need and opportunity to study lung and gastric fluids to understand NM behaviour and potential toxicity. Future research aims to predict better <em>in vivo</em> outcomes and address the complexities of NM interactions with biological systems.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Anas, Samina Bibi, Ume Farwa, Amjid Khan, Umar Masood Quraishi
This study evaluates the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on wheat cultivars SKD-1 and Borlaug-16 and the use of manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2NPs) for remediation. Upon characterization, MnO2NPs demonstrated colloidal stability and effectiveness, with an average size of 37.63 nm determined by the Scherrer equation and 41 nm by Rietveld refinement, flake-like shape, and a zeta potential of −10.9 mV. Both wheat cultivars were subjected to 50 mg kg−1 Cd stress and treated with MnO2NPs at 100, 250, and 500 ppm through nano-priming. MnO2NPs significantly reduced Cd uptake by 20–50% in both root and leaf tissues. Cd exposure increased toxic elements like arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel, and lead in Borlaug-16 roots by up to 50% and decreased essential minerals by 30–60%. The 250 ppm MnO2NPs treatment restored essential minerals by up to 45%. In SKD-1, Cd exposure raised H2O2 levels by 78.03% in roots and malondialdehyde by 40.03% in leaves. MnO2NPs reduced H2O2 to 7.85 μmol g−1 and malondialdehyde to 1.29 mmol g−1, while increasing superoxide dismutase activity by 86.77%. Anatomical analysis revealed that Cd exposure increased epidermis thickness by 16.80% and decreased cortex thickness by 29.10% in SKD-1 roots, while MnO2NPs promoted recovery by 50–80%. Ionomic analysis showed that MnO2NPs improved ion distribution and reduced Cd uptake by 40–60%, with notable improvements in calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels. These findings highlight the potential of MnO2NPs in mitigating Cd stress, enhancing physiological resilience, and elemental balance in wheat. Future research should focus on optimizing MnO2NPs application to achieve sustainable crop production.
{"title":"Manganese oxide nanoparticles elicit cadmium tolerance in wheat seedlings by ionomic and phenomic adjustment, regulation of AsA–GSH pathway, cellular thickness recovery, and antioxidant modulation","authors":"Muhammad Anas, Samina Bibi, Ume Farwa, Amjid Khan, Umar Masood Quraishi","doi":"10.1039/d4en00490f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00490f","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on wheat cultivars SKD-1 and Borlaug-16 and the use of manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs) for remediation. Upon characterization, MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs demonstrated colloidal stability and effectiveness, with an average size of 37.63 nm determined by the Scherrer equation and 41 nm by Rietveld refinement, flake-like shape, and a zeta potential of −10.9 mV. Both wheat cultivars were subjected to 50 mg kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> Cd stress and treated with MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs at 100, 250, and 500 ppm through nano-priming. MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs significantly reduced Cd uptake by 20–50% in both root and leaf tissues. Cd exposure increased toxic elements like arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel, and lead in Borlaug-16 roots by up to 50% and decreased essential minerals by 30–60%. The 250 ppm MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs treatment restored essential minerals by up to 45%. In SKD-1, Cd exposure raised H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> levels by 78.03% in roots and malondialdehyde by 40.03% in leaves. MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs reduced H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> to 7.85 μmol g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and malondialdehyde to 1.29 mmol g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, while increasing superoxide dismutase activity by 86.77%. Anatomical analysis revealed that Cd exposure increased epidermis thickness by 16.80% and decreased cortex thickness by 29.10% in SKD-1 roots, while MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs promoted recovery by 50–80%. Ionomic analysis showed that MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs improved ion distribution and reduced Cd uptake by 40–60%, with notable improvements in calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels. These findings highlight the potential of MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs in mitigating Cd stress, enhancing physiological resilience, and elemental balance in wheat. Future research should focus on optimizing MnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>NPs application to achieve sustainable crop production.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102915
Green financial sector initiatives, including green macroprudential policies, green monetary policies, and green public co-funding, could play an important role in the low-carbon transition by supporting countries in the implementation of their climate objectives. This paper analyzes how green financial sector initiatives could enable the scaling up of green investments while avoiding unintended effects on macroeconomic and financial stability. For each green financial sector initiative, the paper identifies its entry point in the economy, the transmission channels to banks’ investment decisions in terms of availability and cost of capital for high- and low-carbon goods, and the resulting impacts on output and greenhouse gas emissions. Building on these insights, the paper develops a theory of change about the role of green financial sector initiatives for climate mitigation, identifying the criteria for applicability and conditions to maximize their impact. It discusses specifically the application of the theory of change to the low-carbon transition in coal and carbon intensive regions in the context of the European net zero climate objective.
{"title":"The role of green financial sector initiatives in the low-carbon transition: A theory of change","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green financial sector initiatives, including green macroprudential policies, green monetary policies, and green public co-funding, could play an important role in the low-carbon transition by supporting countries in the implementation of their climate objectives. This paper analyzes how green financial sector initiatives could enable the scaling up of green investments while avoiding unintended effects on macroeconomic and financial stability. For each green financial sector initiative, the paper identifies its entry point in the economy, the transmission channels to banks’ investment decisions in terms of availability and cost of capital for high- and low-carbon goods, and the resulting impacts on output and greenhouse gas emissions. Building on these insights, the paper develops a theory of change about the role of green financial sector initiatives for climate mitigation, identifying the criteria for applicability and conditions to maximize their impact. It discusses specifically the application of the theory of change to the low-carbon transition in coal and carbon intensive regions in the context of the European net zero climate objective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anastasia S. Medvedeva, Elena I. Gudkova, Aleksandra S. Titova, Anna S. Kharkova, Lyubov S. Kuznetsova, Roman N. Perchikov, Vasiliy R. Ivanov, Yegor D. Ryabkov, Anna A. Tikhonova, Ekaterina D. Fomina, Alina O. Naumova, Pavel V. Melnikov, Denis N. Butusov, Viacheslav A. Arlyapov
This work proposes a new method for forming a biosensor based on a nanopillar copper electrode and microorganisms for rapid assessment of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) index. Heterogeneous electron transfer constants were obtained for water-soluble and insoluble redox-compounds, and single-mediator and dual-mediator bioelectrochemical systems were formed taking into account the obtained values. It was shown that the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii is not susceptible to the toxic effect of copper and could be effectively used with a nanostructured electrode in the ferrocene-methylene blue dual-mediator system. Paracoccus yeei bacteria are susceptible to the toxic effect of copper ions, therefore, their immobilization on the nanostructured electrode was carried out using the redox-active polymer poly(neutral red), which protects microorganisms from negative effects and allows effective conjugation of microorganisms with the surface. The developed bioelectrochemical measuring systems have high sensitivity (the lower limit of determined BOD5 values is 2.0 mg/dm3) and high correlation with the standard method for BOD measurement in surface water samples (R2 > 0.98). Thus, the work demonstrated for the first time the successful use of a metal nanopillar electrode as a substrate for the biosensor, and the created biosensor systems could serve as prototypes of commercially available miniature sensors for rapid assessment of water quality. The cost of the biosensor of the developed bioelectrochemical measuring systems was estimated: for a two-mediator system based on D. hansenii microorganisms and ferrocene-methylene blue mediators, the cost of one bioelectrode was 4.28 USD, and for a system based on P. yeei microorganisms and poly(neutral red) – 3.91 USD.
本研究提出了一种基于纳米柱铜电极和微生物的生物传感器新方法，用于快速评估生化需氧量（BOD）指数。研究人员获得了水溶性和不溶性氧化还原化合物的异相电子转移常数，并根据所获得的数值建立了单介质和双介质生物电化学系统。结果表明，汉森酵母菌（Debaryomyces hansenii）不易受铜的毒性影响，可在二茂铁-亚甲基蓝双介质系统中有效地与纳米结构电极配合使用。Paracoccus yeei 细菌易受铜离子的毒性影响，因此使用氧化还原活性聚合物聚（中性红）将其固定在纳米结构电极上，这样既能保护微生物免受负面影响，又能使微生物与表面有效结合。所开发的生物电化学测量系统具有很高的灵敏度（测定的 BOD5 值下限为 2.0 mg/dm3），与地表水样本中 BOD 测量的标准方法具有很高的相关性（R2 > 0.98）。因此，这项研究首次成功地将金属纳米柱电极用作生物传感器的基底，所创建的生物传感器系统可作为商用微型传感器的原型，用于快速评估水质。据估算，所开发的生物电化学测量系统的生物传感器成本为：基于 D. hansenii 微生物和二茂铁-亚甲基蓝介质的双介质系统，一个生物电极的成本为 4.28 美元；基于 P. yeei 微生物和聚（中性红）的系统，一个生物电极的成本为 3.91 美元。
{"title":"Nanostructured copper electrodes - a new step in the development of microbial bioelectrochemical systems","authors":"Anastasia S. Medvedeva, Elena I. Gudkova, Aleksandra S. Titova, Anna S. Kharkova, Lyubov S. Kuznetsova, Roman N. Perchikov, Vasiliy R. Ivanov, Yegor D. Ryabkov, Anna A. Tikhonova, Ekaterina D. Fomina, Alina O. Naumova, Pavel V. Melnikov, Denis N. Butusov, Viacheslav A. Arlyapov","doi":"10.1039/d4en00440j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00440j","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a new method for forming a biosensor based on a nanopillar copper electrode and microorganisms for rapid assessment of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) index. Heterogeneous electron transfer constants were obtained for water-soluble and insoluble redox-compounds, and single-mediator and dual-mediator bioelectrochemical systems were formed taking into account the obtained values. It was shown that the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii is not susceptible to the toxic effect of copper and could be effectively used with a nanostructured electrode in the ferrocene-methylene blue dual-mediator system. Paracoccus yeei bacteria are susceptible to the toxic effect of copper ions, therefore, their immobilization on the nanostructured electrode was carried out using the redox-active polymer poly(neutral red), which protects microorganisms from negative effects and allows effective conjugation of microorganisms with the surface. The developed bioelectrochemical measuring systems have high sensitivity (the lower limit of determined BOD5 values is 2.0 mg/dm3) and high correlation with the standard method for BOD measurement in surface water samples (R2 > 0.98). Thus, the work demonstrated for the first time the successful use of a metal nanopillar electrode as a substrate for the biosensor, and the created biosensor systems could serve as prototypes of commercially available miniature sensors for rapid assessment of water quality. The cost of the biosensor of the developed bioelectrochemical measuring systems was estimated: for a two-mediator system based on D. hansenii microorganisms and ferrocene-methylene blue mediators, the cost of one bioelectrode was 4.28 USD, and for a system based on P. yeei microorganisms and poly(neutral red) – 3.91 USD.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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