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The Scholarly Business of Corporations and Slavery: Political Fault Lines of the Economic History of Empire 公司与奴隶制的学术交易：帝国经济史的政治断层线

IF 1 1区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

Journal of British Studies

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1017/jbr.2025.4

Priya Satia

Historians of capitalism have put monopoly corporations and slavery at the heart of the history of a political-economic system long mythologized as founded on free markets. Liberal political economic theory, presupposing and demanding a private economic realm free from state intervention that would drive world-historical progress, was partly a reaction to the long sway of corporations that collapsed distinctions between private and public. The categories of liberal social-scientific thought have now come to so thoroughly structure historical writing aimed at wider audiences that scholarly review isn't sufficient guard against its accidental and artificial separation of public and private in a manner reinforcing liberal myths about historical evolution. This essay shows how writerly habits that posit untenable distinctions between state and private actors, that invoke models of development invented in the colonial era, and that neglect critiques by minoritized scholars, extend myths about British imperialism and industrialism's fundamentally developmental (rather than exploitative and extractive) role and imperialism's economic benefit to only a narrow sector of British society. These theoretical and historiographical assumptions expand the space for politically motivated challenges to well-established knowledge that Britain prospered economically from empire and slavery. This essay places Philip Stern's Empire, Incorporated and Maxine Berg and Pat Hudson's Slavery, Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution in conversation with work by scholars (often from formerly colonized regions) who have more decisively diagnosed Britain's debts to the imperial past, to illustrate how the framing of these books eases the downplaying of the economic effects of imperialism and slavery in debates about Britain's past.1

研究资本主义的历史学家将垄断企业和奴隶制置于长期以来被神话为建立在自由市场基础上的政治经济体系历史的核心。自由主义政治经济理论，假设并要求一个不受国家干预的私人经济领域，推动世界历史的进步，在一定程度上是对公司长期统治的反应，这种统治破坏了私人和公共之间的区别。现在，自由主义社会科学思想的范畴已经如此彻底地构建了针对更广泛受众的历史写作，以至于学术评论不足以防范其偶然和人为地将公共和私人分开，从而强化了自由主义关于历史演变的神话。这篇文章展示了作家的习惯是如何将国家和私人行为者之间的站不住脚的区别，引用殖民时代发明的发展模式，忽视少数学者的批评，将关于英国帝国主义和工业主义的基本发展（而不是剥削和榨取）角色以及帝国主义的经济利益的神话扩展到英国社会的一小部分。这些理论和史学上的假设为政治动机的挑战扩大了空间，挑战英国经济繁荣源于帝国和奴隶制的既定知识。本文将菲利普·斯特恩的《帝国，合并》、玛克辛·伯格和帕特·哈德森的《奴隶制，资本主义和工业革命》与学者（通常来自前殖民地地区）的著作进行对话，这些学者更果断地诊断了英国对帝国主义过去的债务，以说明这些书的框架如何缓解了在关于英国过去的辩论中对帝国主义和奴隶制的经济影响的淡化

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引用次数: 0

Refusals in Japanese parliamentary deliberations 在日本议会的审议中遭到拒绝

IF 1.8 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Journal of Pragmatics

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2025.04.014

Chen Huiling, Liu Yiting

This study focuses on the typical communication case of ‘refusal to answer’ in Japanese parliamentary deliberations, examining the grammatical structure, meaning, and function of refusal discourse and their interlinkages from the microscopic perspective of local grammar. By deconstructing the discourse of Japanese politicians, this study reveals the essence of their linguistic wars. The analysis identifies 6 functional labels within refusal discourse: “Refuser”, “Refused item”, “Refused reason”, “Refused action”, “Hinge”, and “Situation/degree”, and the subsequent analyses identified 16 basic local grammar patterns of refusal, which are categorized into four major types. Among these patterns, those consisting of two to three functional labels, which represent substantive content of refusal, are the most frequently used and are most effective in fulfilling the communicative function of refusal. The more complex and rigorous these patterns are, with functional labels stacked on top of each other and the same construct repeated over and over again, the stronger the refuser's intention to deflect and evade. While these linguistic forms of refusal appear respectful and polite and fulfill the original communicative function of refusal on the surface, they may ultimately become tools of defense or attack. In the end, there is a higher risk of losing the nation's trust.

本研究以日本议会审议中“拒绝回答”的典型交际案例为研究对象，从地方语法的微观视角考察拒绝话语的语法结构、意义、功能及其相互联系。本研究通过解构日本政治家的话语，揭示了他们语言战争的本质。分析确定了拒绝语篇中的6个功能标签：“被拒绝者”、“被拒绝的项目”、“被拒绝的理由”、“被拒绝的行为”、“铰链”和“情况/程度”，随后分析确定了16种基本的拒绝局部语法模式，并将其分为四大类。其中，由两到三个功能标签组成的模式使用频率最高，最有效地实现了拒绝的交际功能，代表了拒绝的实质性内容。这些模式越复杂、越严格，功能标签堆叠在一起，同样的结构反复出现，拒绝者转移和逃避的意图就越强烈。这些拒绝的语言形式虽然表面上表现出尊重和礼貌，完成了拒绝的原始交际功能，但最终可能成为防御或攻击的工具。最后，失去国民信任的风险更大。

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引用次数: 0

Like, Share, Lead: The Impact of Social Media on Authority and Legitimacy in the Labor Movement 喜欢，分享，领导：社会媒体对劳工运动权威和合法性的影响

IF 5.2 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Social Media + Society

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/20563051251337869

Mark Friis Hau

This article draws on the theories of Max Weber to explore how social media can redefine organization and hierarchy in the contemporary labor movement. Through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of social media posts and in-depth interviews with key grassroots activists in Denmark, the article highlights how the personal, affective, and participatory nature of social media challenges traditional union legitimacy. The findings suggest that as affect and individual narratives become increasingly powerful tools for the labor movement, unions must explore ways to incorporate these new modes of communication. This includes a deep understanding of the interplay between different forms of legitimacy on digital platforms, and how these can complement each other rather than compete in the pursuit of labor rights and democratic organization. This study contributes to a broader discussion on the impact of digital platforms on organizations, offering a unique perspective on the intersection of technology and power.

本文借鉴马克斯·韦伯的理论，探讨社交媒体如何重新定义当代劳工运动中的组织和等级制度。通过对社交媒体帖子的定量分析和对丹麦主要草根活动家的深度访谈，本文强调了社交媒体的个人、情感和参与性如何挑战传统工会的合法性。研究结果表明，随着情感和个人叙事成为劳工运动日益强大的工具，工会必须探索将这些新的沟通模式纳入其中的方法。这包括深刻理解数字平台上不同形式的合法性之间的相互作用，以及这些形式如何在追求劳工权利和民主组织方面相互补充，而不是相互竞争。这项研究有助于更广泛地讨论数字平台对组织的影响，为技术和权力的交叉提供了独特的视角。

引用次数: 0

Ascending from the bottom rung: The labor market assimilation of rural-urban migrants in Sweden, 1880–1910 从最底层上升：1880-1910年瑞典城乡移民的劳动力市场同化

IF 2.6 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101690

Jonatan Andersson

This article examines the assimilation of rural-born people into the urban economy in the industrialization context, focusing on Sweden from 1880 to 1910—a time characterized by a notable shift in economic activity towards urban areas. I utilize individual-level data on three cohorts of rural-urban migrants linked across census records, allowing for an examination of their labor market assimilation across all Swedish towns. The main findings suggest that the labor market assimilation of male migrants followed a Chiswick-like process, regardless of the size of the destination area. Initially, migrants displayed a sizeable negative gap in labor market outcomes compared to urban natives, which narrowed with the time spent in the urban area. Nevertheless, they never managed to close the gap over time. By contrast, female migrants displayed few signs of converging with female natives. Migrants’ inability to close the gap was likely due to the non-transferability of skills between the rural and urban sectors. The convergence that did occur can be explained by the potential for upward mobility from the relatively low initial positions migrants entered and, to some extent, negative selection into return migration.

本文考察了工业化背景下农村出生的人对城市经济的同化，重点关注1880年至1910年的瑞典，这一时期的特点是经济活动向城市地区显著转移。我利用与人口普查记录相关联的三组城乡移民的个人数据，允许检查他们在瑞典所有城镇的劳动力市场同化情况。主要发现表明，劳动力市场对男性移民的同化遵循了一个类似奇斯威克的过程，与目的地地区的大小无关。最初，与城市本地人相比，移民在劳动力市场结果上显示出相当大的负差距，随着在城市地区的时间延长，这一差距缩小。然而，随着时间的推移，他们从未设法缩小差距。相比之下，女性移民几乎没有表现出与当地女性融合的迹象。移徙者无法缩小差距可能是由于技能在农村和城市部门之间不可转移。确实发生的趋同可以用移民从相对较低的初始位置向上流动的潜力以及在某种程度上对返回移民的负面选择来解释。

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引用次数: 0

Spaces of Hybridized Prefatory Extremism (HYPE) on Social Media 社交媒体上混合前缀极端主义（HYPE）的空间

IF 5.2 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Social Media + Society

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/20563051251340145

Line Nybro Petersen, Mikkel Bækby Johansen

New trends in online extremism are currently unsettling the typical classifications used to assess violent threats to democratic societies. While extremism is usually perceived to be a matter of extreme ideologies and methods, social media enables and shapes distinct hybridization processes by which conspiracy beliefs, personal grievances, and various ad hoc convictions are combined with ideology fragments, consequently producing new extremist narratives. However, research into hybridized extremism has not yet accounted for the specific role of digital platforms and social media. This article develops the concept of hybridized prefatory extremism (HYPE) spaces to account for these recent changes and offers a heuristic framework for future studies to pinpoint the participatory engagement of digital publics in co-creating hybrid forms of extremism which may evolve into violent extremism. Based on five quantitative and five qualitative datasets collected through digital ethnography, the article identifies three domains, which shape HYPE spaces: (1) actors , (2) practices , and (3) content . Through these three domains, we are able to point to how emerging processes of hybridization of extremism are not only a matter of content hybridity, but also a hybridity of technologies, aesthetics, and participation. The conceptualization of HYPE spaces allows researchers and practitioners to carry out further empirical studies to elucidate the distinct role of social media in current trends of extremism and identify and monitor potential risks of hostile and violent action in online spaces.

网络极端主义的新趋势目前正在扰乱用于评估民主社会暴力威胁的典型分类。虽然极端主义通常被认为是极端意识形态和方法的问题，但社交媒体使阴谋信仰、个人不满和各种特殊信念与意识形态碎片相结合，从而产生新的极端主义叙事，并形成了独特的混合过程。然而，对混合极端主义的研究尚未考虑到数字平台和社交媒体的具体作用。本文发展了混合前缀极端主义（HYPE）空间的概念，以解释这些最近的变化，并为未来的研究提供了一个启发式框架，以确定数字公众参与共同创造可能演变为暴力极端主义的混合极端主义形式。基于通过数字民族志收集的五个定量和五个定性数据集，本文确定了三个塑造HYPE空间的领域：(1)参与者，(2)实践和(3)内容。通过这三个领域，我们能够指出极端主义混合的新兴过程如何不仅是内容混合的问题，而且是技术，美学和参与的混合。HYPE空间的概念化使研究人员和实践者能够进行进一步的实证研究，以阐明社交媒体在当前极端主义趋势中的独特作用，并识别和监测在线空间中敌对和暴力行动的潜在风险。

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引用次数: 0

Creative Underspheres and democratic challenges: Exploring the implications of generative AI misuse 创造性地下空间和民主挑战：探索生成式人工智能滥用的影响

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

New Media & Society

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251338511

Milica Stilinovic, Francesco Bailo, Jonathon Hutchinson

This article introduces the concept of the Undersphere – a networked community brought together via creative exchange – to highlight how the increased proliferation of Generative AI poses risks not yet acknowledged by policymakers within emerging AI regulatory frameworks. Employing a single case study methodology – namely, exploring exchanges made on r/StableDiffusion, a known subgroup on Reddit – it illustrates the conceptual parameters of the Undersphere, outlines the potential for creative harm within the GenAI space, and counters these elements against the AI regulatory frameworks found within the EU AI Act. It concludes that a risk management framework that provides a more fluid approach to addressing risks, such as those found in governance frameworks aimed at eradicating climate change, could be better positioned to address insecurities manifesting from the GenAI space.

本文介绍了地下空间的概念——一个通过创造性交流聚集在一起的网络社区——以强调生成式人工智能的日益扩散如何带来风险，而在新兴的人工智能监管框架中，政策制定者尚未认识到这一点。采用单一案例研究方法-即探索Reddit上已知子群r/StableDiffusion上的交流-它说明了Undersphere的概念参数，概述了GenAI领域内创造性危害的可能性，并将这些元素与欧盟人工智能法案中的人工智能监管框架进行了对比。报告得出的结论是，提供更灵活的方法来应对风险的风险管理框架，例如旨在消除气候变化的治理框架中的风险管理框架，可以更好地解决GenAI领域表现出的不安全感。

引用次数: 0

On optimization: Cultural labor in platform capitalism 论优化：平台资本主义的文化劳动

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

New Media & Society

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251338514

David Elliot Berman

To labor in platform capitalism is to optimize. Based on 66 semi-structured interviews conducted over 8 years with data scientists, software engineers, and content creators at BuzzFeed and Upworthy, this article conceptualizes optimization as a mode of algorithmic labor that emerges in response to the platformization of cultural production, distinguishing between three principal modes of social media optimization: presentational optimization, content optimization, and self-optimization. Through a detailed examination of BuzzFeed and Upworthy’s optimization practices, I argue that in platform capitalism media workers come to act, think, and labor like software engineers rather than journalists, editors, or other traditional categories of media work.

在平台资本主义中劳动就是优化。基于对BuzzFeed和Upworthy的数据科学家、软件工程师和内容创作者长达8年的66次半结构化访谈，本文将优化概念化为一种响应文化生产平台化而出现的算法劳动模式，并区分了社交媒体优化的三种主要模式：表现优化、内容优化和自我优化。通过对BuzzFeed和Upworthy优化实践的详细研究，我认为，在平台资本主义中，媒体工作者开始像软件工程师一样行动、思考和工作，而不是像记者、编辑或其他传统媒体工作类别。

引用次数: 0

Parallel convergences: Cassirer and Vienna indeterminism 平行收敛：卡西尔与维也纳不确定性

IF 1.5 1区哲学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

European Journal for Philosophy of Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-025-00659-z

Marco Giovanelli

Stöltzner coined the expression ‘Vienna indeterminism’ to describe a philosophical tradition centered on the Viennese physicist Exner, serving as the ‘historical link’ between Mach and Boltzmann, on the one hand, and von Mises and Frank, on the other. During the early 1930s debate on quantum mechanics, there was a ‘rapprochement’ between Vienna indeterminism and Schlick’s work on causality. However, it was Cassirer’s 1936 monograph Determinismus und Indeterminismus that showed a full ‘convergence’ with major tenets of Vienna indeterminism: the fundamentality of statistical laws, the frequency interpretation of probability, and the statistical interpretation of the uncertainty relations. Yet, Cassirer used these conceptual tools to pursue ‘in parallel’ different philosophical goals. While for the Viennese quantum mechanics represented a fatal blow to the already discredited notion of ‘causality,’ for Cassirer it challenged the classical notion of ‘substantiality,’ the ideas of ‘particles’ as individual substances endowed with properties. The paper concludes that this ‘parallel convergence’ is the most striking and overlooked aspect of Determinismus und Indeterminismus, serving as the keystone of its argumentative structure.

Stöltzner创造了“维也纳非决定论”这个表达来描述一种以维也纳物理学家埃克斯纳为中心的哲学传统，作为马赫和玻尔兹曼之间的“历史联系”，以及米塞斯和弗兰克之间的“历史联系”。在20世纪30年代早期关于量子力学的辩论中，维也纳非决定论和施里克关于因果关系的研究之间出现了“和解”。然而，卡西尔在1936年的专著《决定论与不决定论》（Determinismus and Indeterminismus）显示了与维也纳非决定论的主要原则的完全“收敛”：统计定律的基本原理，概率的频率解释，以及不确定性关系的统计解释。然而，卡西尔使用这些概念工具来“并行”追求不同的哲学目标。对于维也纳人来说，量子力学是对已经不可信的“因果关系”概念的致命一击，而对于卡西尔来说，它挑战了经典的“实体”概念，即“粒子”是被赋予属性的个体物质的概念。本文的结论是，这种“平行收敛”是决定论和非决定论最引人注目和最被忽视的方面，是其论证结构的基石。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence‐Generated Feedback for Second Language Intelligibility: An Exploratory Intervention Study on Effects and Perceptions 人工智能生成的反馈对第二语言可理解性的影响和感知的探索性干预研究

IF 4.4 1区文学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Language Learning

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/lang.12719

Kevin Hirschi, Okim Kang, Mu Yang, John H. L. Hansen, Kyle Beloin

This study investigated the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models and signal detection processes to generate meaningful visual and ChatGPT‐like narrative feedback on second language (L2) English intelligibility. To test the effects and perceptions of such techniques, three groups of learners (N = 90) received visual and narrative feedback (n = 30), visual‐only feedback (n = 29), and no feedback (n = 31) in an online self‐paced intervention with explicit instruction on segmental and suprasegmental features of intelligibility. Pre/postspeaking tasks were evaluated by raters for intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness, as well as segmental and suprasegmental accuracy, in scripted and spontaneous speech. The results indicate that visual feedback improves prominence production, but only those participants who also received the narrative (i.e., ChatGPT) feedback improved in two of the three prosodic features and in intelligibility. However, those who received narrative feedback had the lowest perceptions of the practice activity helpfulness. Implications for the use and improvement of AI‐based pronunciation feedback are provided.

本研究研究了人工智能（AI）模型和信号检测过程的使用，以生成有意义的视觉和类似ChatGPT的第二语言英语可理解性叙事反馈。为了测试这些技术的效果和感知，三组学习者（N = 90）在一个在线自定节奏干预中接受了视觉和叙事反馈（N = 30），视觉反馈（N = 29）和无反馈（N = 31），并对可理解性的片段和超片段特征进行了明确的指导。通过评分者对脚本演讲和自发演讲的可理解性、可理解性、重音性以及分段和超分段准确性进行评估。结果表明，视觉反馈提高了突出音的产生，但只有那些接受了叙述（即ChatGPT）反馈的参与者在三个韵律特征中的两个和可理解性方面有所改善。然而，那些接受叙述性反馈的人对练习活动的有用性的看法最低。为使用和改进基于人工智能的语音反馈提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding hosted video and its uses: Conceptualizing new fields of video experience 理解托管视频及其用途：概念化视频体验的新领域

IF 5 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

New Media & Society

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/14614448251338490

Amanda D Lotz, Gabriela Lunardi

The affordances of Internet distribution have substantially expanded the array of video that is part of the everyday video cultures of many across the globe. Scholarly frames now need to integrate “hosted video” – video distributed without licensing agreements on services such as YouTube and TikTok and through social media – into broader conceptualization of viewing cultures. Hosted video encompasses a broad and diverse range of content and represents a new “subfield” of video use best understood as a part of a broader field of use including legacy video sources (moviegoing and television). This article first explains hosted video as a subfield, then identifies distinct “encounters” enabled by the various features offered by social media and hosted video services. It then draws from focus groups and interview findings to highlight four common uses that indicate considerable consistency with other types of viewing that supports the holistic video field we advocate.

互联网传播的能力极大地扩展了视频的种类，这是全球许多人日常视频文化的一部分。学术框架现在需要将“托管视频”——在YouTube和TikTok等服务上没有许可协议的视频，以及通过社交媒体传播的视频——整合到更广泛的观看文化概念中。托管视频包含了广泛而多样的内容，代表了视频使用的一个新的“子领域”，最好被理解为包括传统视频源（电影和电视）在内的更广泛的使用领域的一部分。本文首先将托管视频作为一个子字段进行解释，然后确定由社交媒体和托管视频服务提供的各种功能所支持的不同“遭遇”。然后，从焦点小组和访谈结果中，突出了四种常见的用途，这些用途与我们所倡导的支持整体视频领域的其他类型的观看具有相当大的一致性。

引用次数: 0

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