Acta Psychologica最新文献

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has become a research focus in recent years, and has been widely applied in many fields. Due to its excellent natural language processing ability and its capability to simulate human conversation, the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has attracted much attention from both media and academia. However, studies have mainly focused on the technical implementation of ChatGPT and its social impact, with few paying attention to the influence of its interface design on users. This study aimed to explore the effects of three research variables-response mode, polarity display, and visual avatar-on users' perceptions and experience of chatbot graphical interfaces. The study consisted of two stages. The first stage adopted a 2 (response mode) × 2 (polarity display) × 3 (visual avatar) mixed factorial design, which aimed to evaluate the effects of the relevant research variables on users' perceptions and experience. The second stage applied the Kano model to assess users' satisfaction with and importance ranking of the related research variables. The results indicate that Word-for-Word Responses received higher SUPR-Q and perceived Technological Sophistication ratings, whereas Full-Length Responses received higher perceived Human-Likeness and overall satisfaction ratings. Positive Polarity displays generally performed better than Negative Polarity, but in the human-avatar condition, Negative Polarity can enhance the sense of Technological Sophistication. The interaction patterns differed across outcomes. For user experience quality, Word-for-Word Responses received higher ratings under Positive Polarity, whereas Full-Length Responses received higher ratings under Negative Polarity. In contrast, for perceived Human-Likeness, Word-for-Word Responses received higher ratings under Negative Polarity, whereas Full-Length Responses received higher ratings under Positive Polarity. Polarity Display interacted with Visual Avatar in perceived Technological Sophistication, although the polarity comparisons within each avatar condition were not significant after Bonferroni adjustment. In the Human Avatar condition, Full-Length Responses received higher perceived Human-Likeness ratings under Positive Polarity than under Negative Polarity. The Kano analysis classified Negative Polarity as Attractive, Positive Polarity and Full-Length Responses as Indifferent, Word-for-Word Responses and the Iconic Avatar as Reverse, the Human Avatar as Indifferent, and the Robotic Avatar as One-Dimensional. Overall, among the evaluated interface configurations, the combination of Full-Length Responses, Positive Polarity, and a Robotic Avatar was the most frequently selected by participants. These research results provide theoretical support for the iterative development of AI chatbots, and have significance for the development of user experience in future GenAI application scenarios in daily life.

Clothing color may influence first impressions by guiding visual attention and shaping attractiveness judgments and social meanings. Using red dress and black suit as focal cues, this study manipulated dress color (red versus blue) and suit color (black versus navy) across dyadic romantic scenes and single-person mockups. In a single experiment, 130 young heterosexual participants completed three sequential tasks assessing their eye-tracked visual attention, post-exposure interpersonal evaluation, and explicit social-meaning attribution. Eye-tracking findings showed that in dyadic scenes, women looked longer at the red than blue dress and fixated on it sooner, whereas men showed no corresponding red-blue difference. No significant dress-color effects were detected in the mockups. Direct cross-context analyses did not confirm that the effects differed reliably between the dyadic scene and mockup. Post-exposure ratings indicated that the woman was perceived as more attractive and the dyad as having stronger chemistry when she wore red rather than blue. Participants also associated the red dress with greater sexual attractiveness and stronger romantic signaling. The black-navy suit manipulation produced no reliable suit-color effects on visual attention, interpersonal evaluation, or formal-attire social meaning ratings under the present conditions.

Garden visitors evaluate scenery within a broader visit experience that includes shared spaces and visitor services. This study examined how visitor complaints and waiting arrangements relate to landscape evaluation. Study 1 analyzed 31,737 online reviews from 28 Chinese gardens. Poisson models examined the associations of crowding and shared-space complaints and ticketing and service complaints with the rate of positive landscape statements. Study 2 analyzed data from 550 participants randomly assigned to normal passage, visitor-selected waiting, or staff-designated waiting across three scenarios. Within each scenario, the two obstruction conditions used the same images and passage location and described an obstruction lasting approximately 15 min. Ticketing and service complaints showed a stronger negative association with the rate of positive landscape statements than crowding and shared-space complaints, although the magnitudes varied with denominator definition. In Study 2, landscape ratings were lower under staff-designated than visitor-selected waiting (adjusted difference = -0.295, 95% CI [-0.498, -0.093]); both obstruction conditions received lower landscape ratings than normal passage. Ratings of other visitors and the shared environment were descriptively higher under staff-designated than visitor-selected waiting. These findings extend understanding of visitor experience by linking landscape evaluation to the social and organizational context of a visit. They highlight the value of considering how shared garden spaces are used and organized when interpreting landscape ratings and planning on-site services.

Objectives To evaluate longitudinal changes in mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among prepubertal Chinese children with short stature whose guardians selected recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy or observation, using both child self-reports and parent proxy-reports. Methods Retrospective, non-randomized study of 162 prepubertal Chinese children (ages 4-12 years) with short stature at a pediatric department in Xiaoshan District. Participants were grouped according to guardian treatment decisions: rhGH group (n = 45, treated for 12 months) and control group (n = 117, standard care only). Baseline anthropometric characteristics and Chinese PedsQL 4.0 scores at baseline and 1 year were analyzed. Group comparisons and within-group longitudinal changes were evaluated using appropriate statistical tests. Results At baseline, the groups were comparable in available demographic, anthropometric, and HRQoL variables (P > 0.05). After 1 year, the control group showed no statistically significant HRQoL changes (P > 0.05), whereas children whose guardians selected rhGH therapy showed increased HRQoL scores across physical, emotional, social, and school domains in both child and parent reports (P < 0.05). At 1 year, the rhGH group had higher overall and domain-specific HRQoL scores than controls (all P < 0.05). These findings should be interpreted as associations because treatment allocation was non-randomized and follow-up growth outcomes were not available in the analyzed dataset. Conclusion In this retrospective non-randomized cohort, rhGH therapy selected by guardians was associated with greater increases in child- and parent-reported HRQoL scores over 1 year compared with observation. Causal effects and growth-mediated psychosocial mechanisms cannot be inferred without adjustment for unmeasured confounders and follow-up growth outcomes.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to construct a network model linking multidimensional health indicators to depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults, using data from the 2020 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; N = 9636, aged ≥60 years).

Methods: A 20-node network comprising ten CES-D-10 depressive symptom items, six IADL sub-items, and four single-item health indicators (self-rated health, self-rated memory, physical pain, and life satisfaction) was estimated using the EBICglasso algorithm (γ = 0.5). Five centrality metrics-expected influence, strength, closeness, betweenness, and bridge expected influence-were computed, and the stability of centrality estimates was assessed via correlation-stability (CS) coefficients. Sensitivity analyses included varying γ and residualizing each node for sociodemographic covariates and chronic-disease count; network invariance across sex, age group, and urban-rural residence was tested with the Network Comparison Test (NCT).

Results: Of 190 potential edges, 133 non-zero edges were retained, forming two internally cohesive sub-networks. Among health-indicator nodes, IADL-2 (expected influence = 1.033) and IADL-1 (1.032) were most central; among depressive-symptom nodes, CES-D3 (1.116) and CES-D4 (1.079) ranked highest. Life satisfaction (bridge expected influence = 0.429) and physical pain (0.333) were the predominant bridge nodes, followed by CES-D4 (0.290) and CES-D8 (0.289). The strongest associations were IADL-1-IADL-2 (0.559), CES-D5-CES-D8 (0.335), and self-rated health-pain (0.299). CS coefficients for expected influence and bridge expected influence both reached 0.75. Centrality and bridge-node rankings remained stable across γ values and after covariate residualization (Spearman ρ ≥ 0.99), and network structure was largely invariant across subgroups.

Conclusions: Life satisfaction and physical pain bridge the association between multidimensional health status and depressive symptoms, whereas CES-D3 and CES-D4 represent the most central depressive symptoms. These cross-sectional, hypothesis-generating findings require confirmation in longitudinal cohorts and intervention trials.

Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is frequently associated with cognitive impairments, but the integrity of long-term episodic memory remains poorly understood. This study examined immediate, short-term, and very long-term episodic memory in individuals with PCC and evaluated whether emotional disturbances predict long-term recognition outcomes. Forty-one participants (30 PCC; 11 non-PCC) completed a verbal cued-recall task and an immersive virtual reality free-recall object-location memory (OLM) task immediately after learning and the following day. Nine months later, three recognition tasks (verbal, word-list of objects, and visuospatial recognition) and questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, and perceived stress were administered. PCC participants required significantly longer retrieval times than non-PCC participants in the immediate and delayed OLM trials. Nine months later, PCC participants exhibited significant impairments in verbal cued-recall compared to the immediate and one-day recall trials. Performance on the word-list task was poorer in the PCC group, whereas scores in verbal and visuospatial recognition tasks remained comparable between groups. Emotional symptoms were significantly higher in the PCC group. Exploratory regression analyses suggested a negative association between perceived stress and nine-month visuospatial recognition performance in PCC participants. These preliminary findings suggest a potential vulnerability of very long-term verbal episodic memory in PCC, alongside slowed retrieval processes and heightened emotional distress. The observed association between chronic perceived stress and visuospatial recognition suggests a potential role of stress in very long-term memory performance. Overall, the results highlight the need for long-term cognitive follow-up in PCC and identify perceived stress as a potential factor relevant for long-term recognition of visuospatial information.

Variable-centred research overlooks how personality dimensions combine within individuals. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify Big Five personality profiles among 2291 Chinese university students, examine profile differences in depression, anxiety, stress, and mental and physical health-related quality of life, and test whether the school sports environment moderated profile differences in health-related quality of life. Participants completed the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a 47-item School Sports Environment Questionnaire. A three-profile solution was retained, comprising Average (68.4%), Emotionally Fragile (6.3%; low extraversion, low conscientiousness, high neuroticism), and Resilient (25.3%; high extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, low neuroticism). The Resilient profile exhibited higher mental and physical health-related quality-of-life scores and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas the Emotionally Fragile profile showed the opposite pattern; all pairwise differences were significant (adjusted p < 0.001). A more supportive school sports environment was associated with higher mental and physical health-related quality-of-life scores across profiles. The Profile × School Sports Environment interaction was significant for both mental health-related quality of life, F(2, 2280) = 7.07, p < 0.001, and physical health-related quality of life, F(2, 2280) = 4.70, p = 0.009. Simple slope analyses indicated significant positive associations in all three profiles, with the strongest associations observed in the Emotionally Fragile profile. These findings extend person-centred evidence on personality and health among Chinese university students and identify profile-dependent associations with the school sports environment.

Purpose: To synthesize qualitative evidence on how women with breast cancer experience social support within the broader return-to-work process and to interpret how support operates across this transition.

Method: This qualitative meta-synthesis used Thomas and Harden's inductive thematic synthesis to integrate findings from seven databases searched from inception to 23 April 2026. Eligible qualitative and mixed-methods studies reported separately extractable qualitative findings from women with breast cancer. After inductive theme generation, an adapted framework analysis mapped support sources, functions and relationship quality; Meleis' Transition Theory was applied in a distinct, secondary interpretive step.

Results: Nineteen studies involving 325 women were included. Three analytical themes and twelve descriptive subthemes were generated: embodied and occupational vulnerability generated changing support needs; survivors negotiated multilevel support and workplace accommodations; and support shaped worker-identity reconstruction and sustainable participation. Emotional/esteem, informational, tangible and companionship support came from family, peers, colleagues, managers, healthcare professionals and institutions. Availability, recognition, conflict and the fit between need and response determined whether support facilitated or inhibited the transition.

Conclusions: Social support is not a single facilitator but a dynamic, relationship- and context-dependent process. The fit between changing support needs and the responses provided matters more than the mere presence of support. Sustainable return requires coordinated, individualized responses to changing health and job demands while preserving autonomy, competence and occupational identity.

Generative AI is rapidly entering writing instruction in public education; however, a systematic, quality-appraised synthesis of its effects on K-12 students' creative writing is lacking. This review synthesises and critically appraises the empirical evidence, using a scaffolding-versus-substitution framework to distinguish AI-assisted performance from the development of students' own writing. We searched seven databases without language restrictions for 2020-2026, following PRISMA 2020. Risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed with ROBINS-I, RoB 2 and CASP, the certainty of evidence with GRADE and GRADE-CERQual, and findings were synthesised without meta-analysis (SWiM), stratified by design. Seventeen studies met the criteria (total N = 736). All six comparisons of AI-supported with non-AI instruction favoured AI on text quality or creativity, but in every study the scored texts were produced with AI access or under unreported conditions; no study assessed AI-free or delayed writing performance. Effects on writing-related affect were mixed, and no intervention reported a planned withdrawal of AI support. Observational process data indicated that students used AI input to develop their ideas when they retained control, but that AI could also steer the narrative or supply text adopted with little reworking. No study was at low risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was very low for all quantitative outcomes. The evidence therefore describes what students produce with AI rather than what they learn to do without it; studies with AI-free post-tests, delayed transfer measures and planned fading of support are needed. The protocol was pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD420261303257).