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Using Interactive Television Instruction (ITV) to Reduce the Propensity to Engage in Substance Abuse and Drug Trafficking Among Vulnerable Adolescents in Nigeria. 利用交互式电视教学(ITV)降低尼日利亚弱势青少年参与药物滥用和毒品贩运的倾向。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241273288
Verlumun Celestine Gever

This study examined the impact of ITV intervention on reduction in the propensity to abuse substances and engage in drug trafficking. The researcher conducted this study using an experiment of 517 vulnerable adolescents aged 10-19 years. The participants were randomly assigned to control (n = 258) and treatment (n = 259) groups. The researchers found a significant main effect of treatment conditions on reduction in the propensity to engage in substance abuse and drug trafficking among vulnerable adolescents. That is, before the intervention, there was no significant statistical difference between the control and treatment groups on the propensity to engage in substance abuse and drug trafficking. However, vulnerable children who received the intervention reported a significant reduction in propensity after the intervention. The results highlight the usefulness of ITV as a behaviour change strategy for vulnerable children.

本研究探讨了信息与传播技术干预对减少滥用药物和参与贩毒倾向的影响。研究人员对 517 名 10-19 岁的弱势青少年进行了实验。参与者被随机分配到对照组(258 人)和治疗组(259 人)。研究人员发现,治疗条件对降低弱势青少年滥用药物和贩毒的倾向有明显的主效应。也就是说,在干预前,对照组和治疗组在药物滥用和贩毒倾向方面没有明显的统计学差异。然而,接受干预的弱势儿童报告称,干预后他们的倾向性明显降低。这些结果突出表明,ITV 作为改变弱势儿童行为的策略是有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Evaluation of Governance Mechanisms of Hazardous Waste Recycling in Rural China: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Multiple Cases. 中国农村危险废物回收治理机制绩效评价:基于多个案例的定性比较分析》。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241289643
Jiapei Mo, Gengtai Li, Qishu Ai, Huping Shang, Xintao Li

As ecological globalization intensifies, rural waste recycling and management has become a global concern. China's proactive efforts are significant for revitalizing domestic rural ecosystems, offering valuable insights into global environmental governance. The rampant dumping and informal processing of hazardous waste in rural China pose severe threats to local ecological balance and public safety. Thus, efficiently recycling hazardous rural and agricultural waste is pivotal for China's rural ecological and environmental governance. This study adopts a participatory governance perspective and establishes a theoretical framework for dual principal-agent relationships. This framework examined 22 cases of rural governance spanning Eastern, Central, and Western China. This study evaluated governance mechanisms in four dimensions: policy, material, human, and social capital, using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method. The key findings include: (1) The adverse orientation and behavior of hazardous waste recycling governance in rural areas stem from the combined impacts of multiple complex factors. (2) The synergistic interplay between policy, human, and social capital is crucial for advancing hazardous waste recycling governance in rural settings. (3) Three pathway mechanisms--socially driven, market-oriented, and system participation--facilitate the effective governance of hazardous waste recycling. Innovative practices in hazardous waste recycling and management within rural China yielded positive domestic impacts and profoundly influenced global environmental governance. China's experiences and approaches motivate other nations and regions, showcasing responsibility and dedication to international environmental governance and bolstering Chinese contributions to creating a cleaner, beautiful world.

随着生态全球化的加剧,农村垃圾回收和管理已成为全球关注的问题。中国的积极努力对于振兴国内农村生态系统意义重大,为全球环境治理提供了宝贵的启示。中国农村危险废物的随意倾倒和非正规加工严重威胁着当地的生态平衡和公共安全。因此,有效回收利用农村和农业有害废弃物对中国农村生态环境治理至关重要。本研究采用参与式治理视角,建立了委托-代理双重关系的理论框架。该框架考察了横跨中国东部、中部和西部的 22 个农村治理案例。本研究采用模糊集定性比较分析方法,从政策资本、物质资本、人力资本和社会资本四个维度对治理机制进行了评估。主要发现包括(1)农村地区危险废物回收治理的不良导向和行为源于多种复杂因素的综合影响。(2)政策资本、人力资本和社会资本之间的协同作用对于推进农村地区危险废物回收治理至关重要。(3) 社会驱动型、市场导向型和系统参与型三种路径机制有助于有效治理危险废物回收。中国农村危险废物回收和管理的创新实践在国内产生了积极影响,并深刻影响了全球环境治理。中国的经验和做法激励着其他国家和地区,展现了对国际环境治理的责任和奉献精神,为创造一个更加清洁、美丽的世界做出了中国贡献。
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引用次数: 0
A "Wise" Intervention to Increase Hand Hygiene Compliance of Nurses in Acute Care Units in US Hospitals: A Multiple Baseline Interrupted Time-Series Evaluation. 提高美国医院急诊科护士手部卫生依从性的 "明智 "干预措施:多基线间断时间序列评估。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241299854
Madeline Sands, Ben Tidwell, Robert Aunger

This study tested a 'wise' intervention (quick prompt of a specific psychological mec) in acute care hospital units to improve nurses' hand hygiene compliance (HHC). A multiple baseline design in two medical-surgical teaching hospitals in the United States. Hand hygiene data was collected using an electronic compliance monitoring system with sensors placed in doorways and on corresponding soap and alcohol-based hand rub dispensers. The outcome measure was the proportion of opportunities in which HH was undertaken by staff per week in each unit. A quick-and-easy psychological prime to reinvigorate professional identity. Interrupted time series analysis using a quasi-Poisson regression model with statistical process control charts for each unit. A statistically significant increase in HHC rates that was sustained for months post-intervention. However, the patterns by unit were not statistically significant once temporal trends were considered. Other factors, such as the unit type and the use of incentives could have impacted the results. These analyses suggest that the aggregate impact should not be taken as evidence of intervention effectiveness. This study therefore cannot be considered to have provided a strong foundation for use of a 'wise' intervention, despite its relatively small financial, logistical and psychological cost.

研究目的本研究测试了在急症护理医院病房采取的 "明智 "干预措施(快速提示特定的心理疗法),以提高护士的手部卫生依从性(HHC)。设计:在美国两家内外科教学医院中采用多重基线设计。测量:手部卫生数据是通过电子达标监测系统收集的,该系统在门口以及相应的肥皂和酒精擦手纸分配器上放置了传感器。结果测量值为每个科室工作人员每周进行手卫生的机会比例。干预措施:一种快速简便的心理素养,以重振职业认同感。方法:使用准泊松回归模型和统计过程控制图对每个单位进行中断时间序列分析。结果:在干预后的几个月里,HHC 率在统计上有了明显的提高。然而,考虑到时间趋势,各单位的模式在统计上并不显著。其他因素,如单位类型和激励措施的使用,也可能对结果产生影响。结论:这些分析表明,总体影响不应作为干预效果的证据。因此,尽管 "明智 "干预的财政、后勤和心理成本相对较小,但不能认为这项研究为使用 "明智 "干预提供了坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Designing Effective Hybrid Course Curriculum: A Design Science Approach to Gamification and Student Outcomes Validation. 设计有效的混合课程:游戏化和学生成果验证的设计科学方法。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241291752
An Duong Thi Binh, Thu-Hang Hoang, Huy Truong Quang

In the modern educational landscape, the integration of gamification into hybrid learning environments has emerged as a promising approach to enhance student outcomes. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive frameworks for designing gamified hybrid courses and validating their impact on student outcomes. This paper proposes a design science-based approach to gamified course design in hybrid learning contexts. Drawing on the principles of design science research, we developed a framework for designing a gamified hybrid course curriculum that incorporates course content, activities, and assessments based on four elements of gamification (achievement elements, utilitarian value, hedonic benefits, and competition). To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted a study with 294 students enrolled in a hybrid business course that implemented the proposed gamification framework. Our findings indicate that all gamification elements of our proposed gamified hybrid courses positively enhance student engagement, achievement, and satisfaction. Ultimately, this paper not only contributes to the 'gamification in education' literature by providing a comprehensive framework for designing engaging and effective hybrid courses but also proposes a roadmap for the application of design science to embed gamification in business course curriculum design within the context of modern hybrid learning environments.

在现代教育环境中,将游戏化融入混合学习环境已成为提高学生成绩的一种有前途的方法。然而,在设计游戏化混合课程以及验证其对学生学习效果的影响方面,仍然缺乏全面的框架。本文提出了一种基于设计科学的混合学习环境游戏化课程设计方法。借鉴设计科学研究的原则,我们开发了一个设计游戏化混合课程的框架,该框架基于游戏化的四个要素(成就要素、功利价值、享乐效益和竞争),将课程内容、活动和评估结合在一起。为了验证我们的方法是否有效,我们对参加混合商科课程的 294 名学生进行了一项研究,该课程采用了我们提出的游戏化框架。研究结果表明,我们提出的游戏化混合课程的所有游戏化元素都能积极提高学生的参与度、成就感和满意度。最终,本文不仅为 "教育游戏化 "的文献做出了贡献,为设计吸引人的、有效的混合课程提供了一个全面的框架,而且还提出了在现代混合学习环境中应用设计科学将游戏化嵌入商科课程设计的路线图。
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引用次数: 0
Theory Use in Project Management Research: An Exploratory Content Analysis Approach. 项目管理研究中的理论运用:探索性内容分析法
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241279706
Erastus Karanja, Jigish Zaveri, Angela K Miles, Steven Day

The frequency and richness of the theories developed, tested, and used by researchers in an academic discipline exemplify several pertinent factors, namely, the growth, the maturity, the independence, the legitimacy, and the influence of the discipline. Although organizations have been working on projects for centuries, Project Management (PM) is a considerably new academic discipline with emerging research themes, models, methodologies, frameworks, and paradigms. These PM concepts are anchored on or reinforced by new or existing theories. This exploratory study aims to add to the existing PM body of knowledge by investigating the prevalence of theory use in PM research. A systematic content analysis of 9200 PM research articles published from 2000 to 2019 (20 years) in the leading PM journals identified 248 unique theories. These results reveal that the PM discipline is increasingly embracing the use of theories with game theory, fuzzy theory, agency theory, contingency theory, and stakeholder theory emerging as the most dominant theories in the reviewed research articles. Also, although PM is developing its theories, the results revealed that PM researchers continue to heavily use theories borrowed from other academic disciplines such as psychology, sociology, mathematics, and economics.

一门学科的研究人员所开发、测试和使用的理论的频率和丰富程度体现了几个相关因素,即学科的成长、成熟、独立、合法性和影响力。尽管各组织开展项目工作已有几个世纪的历史,但项目管理(PM)却是一门相当新的学科,其研究主题、模式、方法、框架和范式不断涌现。这些项目管理概念以新理论或现有理论为基础,或得到这些理论的加强。本探索性研究旨在通过调查项目管理研究中理论使用的普遍程度,为现有的项目管理知识体系添砖加瓦。通过对 2000 年至 2019 年(20 年)期间在主要 PM 期刊上发表的 9200 篇 PM 研究文章进行系统的内容分析,发现了 248 种独特的理论。这些结果表明,项目管理学科正在越来越多地使用理论,博弈论、模糊理论、代理理论、权变理论和利益相关者理论成为所审查研究文章中最主要的理论。此外,尽管项目管理正在发展自己的理论,但研究结果表明,项目管理研究人员仍在大量使用从心理学、社会学、数学和经济学等其他学科借鉴的理论。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation Policy Study of the Second Round of the Taiwan Teacher Preparation Program Evaluation. 第二轮台湾教师准备课程评估政策研究》。
IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/0193841X241276023
Tze Chang Liu

This study focuses on the second round of Taiwanese teacher preparation program (TPP) evaluation (2012-2017) to analyze how evaluation policy shapes TPPs. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 stakeholders, which included professors, administrators, researchers, and staff involved in TPP evaluation. First, the findings revealed that neoliberalism influences evaluation policy and restricts the diversity of TPP development. Second, different evaluation approaches may be used to bring more inclusiveness and flexibility to evaluation standards. Third, evaluation plays an important role in TPP development, and a professional organization responsible for evaluation should be established in Taiwan in the future. To conclude, it is significant for TPP evaluation policy to consider policy ideology, evaluation standards, and program diversity to aid in improving the quality of teacher education not only in Taiwan but also internationally.

本研究以台湾第二轮教师预备课程(TPP)评估(2012-2017 年)为重点,分析评估政策如何影响教师预备课程。本研究对 13 位利益相关者进行了深入访谈,其中包括教授、行政人员、研究人员和参与教师培训项目评估的工作人员。首先,研究结果显示,新自由主义影响了评价政策,限制了 TPP 发展的多样性。第二,可以采用不同的评价方法,使评价标准更具包容性和灵活性。第三,评估在 TPP 发展中扮演着重要角色,未来台湾应成立负责评估的专业组织。总之,TPP 评估政策应考虑政策意识形态、评估标准和项目多样性,这不仅有助于提高台湾教师教育的质量,也有助于提高国际教师教育的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Unique Considerations for Forensic Interviews With Adolescents: An Exploration of Expert Interviewers' Perspectives. 与青少年进行法证访谈的独特考虑因素:对专家访谈者观点的探讨。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241270046
Sarah L Deck, Jodi A Quas, Martine B Powell

Although adolescents are at elevated risk of sexual victimisation, very limited research has focused on how best to interview suspected adolescent victims. The current study was conducted to lay the groundwork for the development of best-practice interviewing approaches with adolescents when sexual victimisation is suspected. Expert interviewers with experience and knowledge in interviewing suspected adolescent victims were asked about common challenges they encounter with adolescent interviewees and how they tailor their interviews for this population. The findings indicated that adolescents are often reluctant to disclose, and the strategies the interviewers use to meet the unique needs of adolescents hinge on respecting each adolescent as a relatively autonomous and independent person. Identifying which strategies expert interviewers use is a fruitful starting point for future experimental research that can test and ultimately develop evidence-based practices for this population, which is necessary to help interviewers interact with suspected adolescent victims in ways that align with their psychosocial and cognitive maturity.

尽管青少年遭受性侵害的风险较高,但有关如何最好地与疑似青少年受害者面谈的研究却非常有限。当前的研究旨在为制定青少年疑似性侵害的最佳面谈方法奠定基础。我们询问了在与疑似青少年受害者面谈方面具有丰富经验和知识的专家面谈者在与青少年受访者面谈时遇到的常见挑战,以及他们是如何针对这一人群进行面谈的。调查结果表明,青少年通常不愿意透露自己的情况,而访谈者为满足青少年的独特需求而采取的策略取决于是否尊重每个青少年,将其视为相对自主和独立的人。确定专家访谈者所使用的策略是未来实验研究的一个富有成效的起点,这些研究可以测试并最终开发出针对这一人群的循证实践,这对于帮助访谈者以符合青少年受害者的社会心理和认知成熟度的方式与疑似青少年受害者进行互动是非常必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Life Course Models of Child Maltreatment: Effects on General Psychopathology Outcomes in a Longitudinal Sample. 儿童虐待的生命历程模型:纵向样本对一般精神病理学结果的影响》(Effects on General Psychopathology Outcomes in a Longitudinal Sample.
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241270076
Dylan R Wong, Kristen G Anderson

The study compared life course models (LCM; accumulation, recency, and sensitive period) of child maltreatment and general psychopathology in a large, national longitudinal data set of 1354 youth ages birth-16 years (657 boys, 53.2% Black, 59.7% <$40K caregiver income). Previous research has supported the accumulation and recency models, albeit with shorter or fewer time periods of outcome measurement. We extend this work by modeling the impact of combined abuse and neglect allegations on a general psychopathology factor (dysregulation profile). Cross-sectional structural equation models were constructed using LCMs and tested across two-year periods from 4-16 years old and compared using Akaike Information Criterion weights. The recency variable generally explained the greatest proportion of variance in psychopathology. Notably, maltreatment more proximal to the time of outcome measurement had the strongest effect, suggesting that more recent maltreatment may have stronger effects on general psychopathology. These results lend support to a recency effect of maltreatment on psychopathology outcomes, although substantive overlaps with the accumulation model are noted.

该研究比较了 1354 名出生至 16 岁青少年(657 名男孩,53.2% 为黑人,59.7% 为女性)的大型全国纵向数据集中儿童虐待和一般精神病理学的生命历程模型(LCM;累积、再现和敏感期)。
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引用次数: 0
Applying a Racial Lens to the "Cycle of Violence". 从种族角度看待 "暴力循环"。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241272040
Cathy Spatz Widom, Maureen Allwood, Preeti Chauhan, Xuechen Li, Kellie Courtney, Funlola G Are

One overlooked result in a 1989 Science paper on the "cycle of violence" was a race-specific increase in risk for arrest for violence among Black maltreated children, but not White maltreated children. We examine whether race differences in the cycle of violence are explained by risk factors traditionally associated with violence. Using a prospective design, maltreated and non-maltreated children were matched on age, sex, race, and approximate family social class and interviewed at mean age 28.7 years (N = 1196). Arrest histories were obtained through age 50.5. Regression analyses included maltreatment, race, self-reported violent behavior, and risk factors (e.g., family, school, neighborhood variables). For arrests for violent crime, race was a significant predictor, whereas childhood maltreatment was not significant. For violent arrests, there was a significant race × maltreatment interaction when the total number of risk factors were included controlling for self-reported violent behaviors. For self-reported violent behaviors, childhood maltreatment remained significant for some risk factors. However, race did not predict self-reported violent behaviors. Offending behavior and traditional risk factors did not explain the disproportionate arrests among Black maltreated children. This disparity in the cycle of violence may reflect complex processes influenced by racial bias or structural racism.

1989 年《科学》杂志发表了一篇关于 "暴力循环 "的论文,其中一个被忽视的结果是,受虐待的黑人儿童因暴力而被捕的风险因种族而异有所增加,但受虐待的白人儿童却没有这种情况。我们研究了暴力循环中的种族差异是否可以用传统上与暴力相关的风险因素来解释。通过前瞻性设计,受虐待儿童和未受虐待儿童在年龄、性别、种族和近似家庭社会阶层方面进行了匹配,并在平均年龄 28.7 岁时接受了访谈(N = 1196)。获得的逮捕史一直持续到 50.5 岁。回归分析包括虐待、种族、自我报告的暴力行为和风险因素(如家庭、学校、邻里变量)。对于因暴力犯罪而被捕的人来说,种族是一个重要的预测因素,而儿童虐待则不重要。对于因暴力犯罪而被捕的儿童来说,如果将所有风险因素都包括在内,并对自我报告的暴力行为进行控制,则种族与虐待之间存在显著的交互作用。就自我报告的暴力行为而言,童年虐待对某些风险因素仍有显著影响。然而,种族并不能预测自我报告的暴力行为。犯罪行为和传统的风险因素并不能解释黑人受虐待儿童被捕人数过多的原因。暴力循环中的这种差异可能反映了受种族偏见或结构性种族主义影响的复杂过程。
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引用次数: 0
Parliamentary candidates and their campaign messages at the 2019 General Election. 议会候选人及其在2019年大选中的竞选信息
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/02633957231186384
Siim Trumm, Caitlin Milazzo, Alan Duggan

The 2019 General Election brought about a significant change in the parliamentary balance of power. There has already been much attention devoted to how parties and their leaders campaigned in the run up to the polling day. Using original leaflet data from the OpenElections project, this study extends the focus to individual candidates by exploring the nature of local campaign communications. We find that candidates make little effort to promote their personal traits, with personalisation of leaflets remaining largely limited to offering visual cues in the shape of candidate photos. We also find that while negative campaign messages are common, they tend to relate to an opposing party more generally. Similarly, we find that highlighting the tactical situation in the constituency remains a rare practice. Our findings suggest that there is still considerable room for candidates to tailor their campaign materials to their personal attributes and the local electoral context.

2019年大选使议会权力平衡发生了重大变化。人们已经非常关注政党及其领导人在投票日前的竞选活动。本研究利用OpenElections项目的原始传单数据,通过探索当地竞选宣传的性质,将重点扩展到个人候选人。我们发现,候选人几乎没有努力提升自己的个人特质,传单的个性化在很大程度上仍然局限于以候选人照片的形式提供视觉提示。我们还发现,虽然负面的竞选信息很常见,但它们往往更普遍地与反对党有关。同样,我们发现,强调选区的战术局势仍然是一种罕见的做法。我们的调查结果表明,候选人仍有相当大的空间根据个人特点和当地选举背景定制竞选材料。
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引用次数: 0
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