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Spatial distribution of the lithospheric density structure in three large cratons in China based on GOCE gravity gradient data
IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107771
Yu Tian , Huiyou He , Lei Shi , Qing Ye , Aizhi Guo , Yong Wang
The long-term stability of continental cratons can prevent them from being transformed by tectonic processes, such as late-stage plate subduction and convective erosion. This stability is closely related to their unique material composition and lithospheric root structure. The tectonics of China exhibit distinct features compared with those of other regions in the world. Studying the lithospheric density structure of the three large cratons offers an effective approach for understanding the dynamic mechanisms involved in the evolution of China continental cratons. Gravity observations are sensitive to density changes. In this study, after the GOCE satellite gravity gradient data in China and adjacent areas are processed, the methods of boundary identification and depth imaging are combined to effectively obtain the spatial distribution of the lithospheric density structure. The horizontal and vertical distributions of detailed structural lithospheric features in three large cratons in China are obtained. The results indicate that the North China Craton (NCC) has experienced destruction in both the north–south and east–west directions. The boundaries of the suture zone in the southern South China Craton (SCC) are consistent with the structural lines and are more oriented towards the eastern side of the Jiangshan Shaoxing Fault in the eastern SCC. At the southern edge of the Tarim Craton (TC), the features of the spatial distribution of density do not indicate southwards movement of material. With the features of the spatial distribution in three large cratons in China, the features of the distributions in three large cratons are compared, and the reasons for the dynamic mechanism are further analysed and summarized.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of the lithospheric density structure in three large cratons in China based on GOCE gravity gradient data","authors":"Yu Tian ,&nbsp;Huiyou He ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Qing Ye ,&nbsp;Aizhi Guo ,&nbsp;Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term stability of continental cratons can prevent them from being transformed by tectonic processes, such as late-stage plate subduction and convective erosion. This stability is closely related to their unique material composition and lithospheric root structure. The tectonics of China exhibit distinct features compared with those of other regions in the world. Studying the lithospheric density structure of the three large cratons offers an effective approach for understanding the dynamic mechanisms involved in the evolution of China continental cratons. Gravity observations are sensitive to density changes. In this study, after the GOCE satellite gravity gradient data in China and adjacent areas are processed, the methods of boundary identification and depth imaging are combined to effectively obtain the spatial distribution of the lithospheric density structure. The horizontal and vertical distributions of detailed structural lithospheric features in three large cratons in China are obtained. The results indicate that the North China Craton (NCC) has experienced destruction in both the north–south and east–west directions. The boundaries of the suture zone in the southern South China Craton (SCC) are consistent with the structural lines and are more oriented towards the eastern side of the Jiangshan Shaoxing Fault in the eastern SCC. At the southern edge of the Tarim Craton (TC), the features of the spatial distribution of density do not indicate southwards movement of material. With the features of the spatial distribution in three large cratons in China, the features of the distributions in three large cratons are compared, and the reasons for the dynamic mechanism are further analysed and summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":"422 ","pages":"Article 107771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Denudation rates and Holocene sediment storage dynamics inferred from in situ 14C concentrations in the Feshie basin, Scotland
IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/esp.70043
Anya H. Towers, Simon M. Mudd, Mikael Attal, Fiona J. Clubb, Steve A. Binnie, Tibor J. Dunai, Negar Haghipour

Scotland's Highlands are tectonically quiescent but have experienced high rates of isostatic uplift in response to deglaciation. To understand the effects of both deglaciation and regional uplift on landscape evolution, we measured the concentration of cosmogenic in situ 14C in river sands collected in Glen Feshie (Cairngorms). Like other terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclides, in situ 14C can be used to calculate basin-wide denudation rates over millennial timescales. 14C has a short half-life relative to other in situ cosmogenic radionuclides, giving it an advantage in post-glacial landscapes: Very little 14C will be inherited from exposure before glaciation of the landscape, meaning that concentrations will reflect sediment production and transport dominantly in the Holocene. When we calculate denudation rates based on the common assumption of basin-wide homogeneity of erosion, we find no correlation between topographic metrics such as the normalised channel steepness index and inferred denudation rates, which range between 0.175 and 1.356 mm/year. Based on field and remote sensing observations, we suggest that 14C becomes diluted downstream due to sediment supply from paraglacial terrace material, and develop a mixing model to test this hypothesis. We identify the terraces that are likely to contribute sediment to the channels through flood modelling, geomorphic mapping and remote sensing observations. Our mixing model indicates that the observed distribution of 14C concentrations can be explained if terrace escarpments have basin-averaged migration distances of 8 to 30 cm during large flood events. This interpretation is consistent with remotely sensed images of channel activity and terrace bank retreat within the catchment. Our results show that paraglacial sediment stores contribute to sediment fluxes in the late Holocene and highlight the on-going glacial legacy on landscape evolution.

{"title":"Denudation rates and Holocene sediment storage dynamics inferred from in situ 14C concentrations in the Feshie basin, Scotland","authors":"Anya H. Towers,&nbsp;Simon M. Mudd,&nbsp;Mikael Attal,&nbsp;Fiona J. Clubb,&nbsp;Steve A. Binnie,&nbsp;Tibor J. Dunai,&nbsp;Negar Haghipour","doi":"10.1002/esp.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scotland's Highlands are tectonically quiescent but have experienced high rates of isostatic uplift in response to deglaciation. To understand the effects of both deglaciation and regional uplift on landscape evolution, we measured the concentration of cosmogenic <i>in situ</i> <sup>14</sup>C in river sands collected in Glen Feshie (Cairngorms). Like other terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclides, <i>in situ</i> <sup>14</sup>C can be used to calculate basin-wide denudation rates over millennial timescales. <sup>14</sup>C has a short half-life relative to other <i>in situ</i> cosmogenic radionuclides, giving it an advantage in post-glacial landscapes: Very little <sup>14</sup>C will be inherited from exposure before glaciation of the landscape, meaning that concentrations will reflect sediment production and transport dominantly in the Holocene. When we calculate denudation rates based on the common assumption of basin-wide homogeneity of erosion, we find no correlation between topographic metrics such as the normalised channel steepness index and inferred denudation rates, which range between 0.175 and 1.356 mm/year. Based on field and remote sensing observations, we suggest that <sup>14</sup>C becomes diluted downstream due to sediment supply from paraglacial terrace material, and develop a mixing model to test this hypothesis. We identify the terraces that are likely to contribute sediment to the channels through flood modelling, geomorphic mapping and remote sensing observations. Our mixing model indicates that the observed distribution of <sup>14</sup>C concentrations can be explained if terrace escarpments have basin-averaged migration distances of 8 to 30 cm during large flood events. This interpretation is consistent with remotely sensed images of channel activity and terrace bank retreat within the catchment. Our results show that paraglacial sediment stores contribute to sediment fluxes in the late Holocene and highlight the on-going glacial legacy on landscape evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining the complexity of discharge-suspended sediment behaviour of a tropical monsoon-dominated river, India
IF 4.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102335
Balai Chandra Das , Aznarul Islam , Sadik Mahammad , Edris Alam , Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam , Biplab Sarkar , Suman Deb Barman , Subodh Chandra Pal , Md Kamrul Islam

Study region

Multiple gauging stations of the Brahmani River Basin, India.

Study focus

This study provides an understanding of sediment transport complexities in monsoon-type rivers and supports informed decision-making for effective river management and environmental conservation. It also underscores the impact of surface landscape, the management of reservoirs and the role of anthropogenic impacts on sediment transport dynamics.

New hydrological insights for the region

River discharge and sediment concentration are measured at four gauging stations of Brahmani River: Tilga, Panposh, Gomlai, and Jenapur. The first three are located in the upper reaches above the Rengali Dam, while Jenapur is in the plain area below the dam. The analysis reveals diverse correlations for fine sediment (<0.075 mm), ranging from linear at Tilga to logarithmic at Panposh and power-law at Gomlai. Medium sediment (0.075–0.2 mm) exhibits linear and logarithmic correlations at Tilga and Panposh while coarse sediment (>0.2 mm) displays logarithmic correlations at Panposh and Gomlai. Total sediment concentrations showcase both linear and logarithmic relationships at Tilga and Panposh, indicating the complexity of sediment-transport dynamics. The study unveils compelling relationships between river discharge and total sediment load (MT/day), with notable power-lla correlations at Gomlai, emphasising the influence of river discharge variations on sediment transport quantity. It underscores the impact of surface geology, the location of reservoirs and the role of anthropogenic interventions on sediment dynamics.
{"title":"Examining the complexity of discharge-suspended sediment behaviour of a tropical monsoon-dominated river, India","authors":"Balai Chandra Das ,&nbsp;Aznarul Islam ,&nbsp;Sadik Mahammad ,&nbsp;Edris Alam ,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Biplab Sarkar ,&nbsp;Suman Deb Barman ,&nbsp;Subodh Chandra Pal ,&nbsp;Md Kamrul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Multiple gauging stations of the Brahmani River Basin, India.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study provides an understanding of sediment transport complexities in monsoon-type rivers and supports informed decision-making for effective river management and environmental conservation. It also underscores the impact of surface landscape, the management of reservoirs and the role of anthropogenic impacts on sediment transport dynamics.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>River discharge and sediment concentration are measured at four gauging stations of Brahmani River: Tilga, Panposh, Gomlai, and Jenapur. The first three are located in the upper reaches above the Rengali Dam, while Jenapur is in the plain area below the dam. The analysis reveals diverse correlations for fine sediment (&lt;0.075 mm), ranging from linear at Tilga to logarithmic at Panposh and power-law at Gomlai. Medium sediment (0.075–0.2 mm) exhibits linear and logarithmic correlations at Tilga and Panposh while coarse sediment (&gt;0.2 mm) displays logarithmic correlations at Panposh and Gomlai. Total sediment concentrations showcase both linear and logarithmic relationships at Tilga and Panposh, indicating the complexity of sediment-transport dynamics. The study unveils compelling relationships between river discharge and total sediment load (MT/day), with notable power-lla correlations at Gomlai, emphasising the influence of river discharge variations on sediment transport quantity. It underscores the impact of surface geology, the location of reservoirs and the role of anthropogenic interventions on sediment dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal model of the Pantelleria Island (Sicily Channel, Southern Italy): new insights for promoting the sustainable exploitation of geothermal resources on the island
IF 2.9 2区 地球科学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1186/s40517-025-00340-x
Marisa Giuffrida, Giovanni Floridia, Mauro Cacace, Marco Viccaro

A three-dimensional hydraulic-thermal model has been developed for the island of Pantelleria in order to investigate the driving heat transfer mechanisms and the role of rocks and fluids thermal and hydraulic properties in controlling the temperature distribution. The model simulates transient conditions accounting for changes with time of the background steady-state thermal field over a period of 50,000 years, which coincides with a period of major morphological/structural stability on the island. The comparison between observed and computed temperatures was used to validate the model. Model outcomes confirm temperature up to 490 °C at 2 km depth in the central part of the Cinque Denti caldera. The proposed thermal modeling agrees with the trend of the thermal anomaly on the island, clearly evidencing how the center of the thermal anomaly is located within the young caldera, while the north-eastern part of the island is characterized by much lower temperatures than its central-southern part. It is shown that a coupled thermal–hydraulic 3D model can provide a clear perspective on surface and subsurface conditions that drive heat transfer, thus helping to understand the characteristics of geothermal systems in the area.

{"title":"Thermal model of the Pantelleria Island (Sicily Channel, Southern Italy): new insights for promoting the sustainable exploitation of geothermal resources on the island","authors":"Marisa Giuffrida,&nbsp;Giovanni Floridia,&nbsp;Mauro Cacace,&nbsp;Marco Viccaro","doi":"10.1186/s40517-025-00340-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-025-00340-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A three-dimensional hydraulic-thermal model has been developed for the island of Pantelleria in order to investigate the driving heat transfer mechanisms and the role of rocks and fluids thermal and hydraulic properties in controlling the temperature distribution. The model simulates transient conditions accounting for changes with time of the background steady-state thermal field over a period of 50,000 years, which coincides with a period of major morphological/structural stability on the island. The comparison between observed and computed temperatures was used to validate the model. Model outcomes confirm temperature up to 490 °C at 2 km depth in the central part of the Cinque Denti caldera. The proposed thermal modeling agrees with the trend of the thermal anomaly on the island, clearly evidencing how the center of the thermal anomaly is located within the young caldera, while the north-eastern part of the island is characterized by much lower temperatures than its central-southern part. It is shown that a coupled thermal–hydraulic 3D model can provide a clear perspective on surface and subsurface conditions that drive heat transfer, thus helping to understand the characteristics of geothermal systems in the area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-025-00340-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Loss Cone Offset Method for Evaluating the Effect of Magnetic Field Line Curvature Scattering (FLCS)
IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1029/2024JA033422
Ziming Wei, Yiqun Yu, Longxing Ma, Jinbin Cao

Magnetic Field Line Curvature Scattering (FLCS) is one of the important loss mechanism for energetic particles, referring to the scattering phenomenon where charged particles experience changes in their pitch angles due to the curvature and non-uniformity of magnetic field. Previous methods evaluating FLCS were suitable for less stretched configurations like dipole magnetic fields, but under Ts05 model, they led to non-physical results, especially in regions where the adiabatic parameter ε $varepsilon $ exceeds 0.584. To address this, we developed a new method for evaluating FLCS, named the Loss Cone Offset method (LCOM). The method first anchors the offset of loss cone center due to Borovsky et al. (2022), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja030106 and works by constructing the pitch angle offset after one FLCS as a function of initial pitch angle and gyro-phase angle, and then correcting the function by parameters fitting using test-particle-tracing results. Our calculations can effectively evaluate particle scattering due to FLCS in the range of 0°–90° pitch angles and adiabatic parameter ε $varepsilon $ ranging from 0.1 to 0.96. Loss Cone Offset method has good compatibility with previous methods under dipole magnetic field or TS05 magnetic field with low adiabatic parameters. It can effectively avoid non-physical results under stretched magnetic field and high adiabatic parameters, and evaluate the FLCS influence. Comparison with theoretical calculations, empirical formulas, and test-particle results demonstrates that the LCOM serves as an easy-to-use and reliable model for predicting particle loss due to FLCS in the magnetospheric dynamics. Its application deepens understanding of FLCS mechanisms, providing robust methodological support for developing physical models.

{"title":"Loss Cone Offset Method for Evaluating the Effect of Magnetic Field Line Curvature Scattering (FLCS)","authors":"Ziming Wei,&nbsp;Yiqun Yu,&nbsp;Longxing Ma,&nbsp;Jinbin Cao","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033422","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetic Field Line Curvature Scattering (FLCS) is one of the important loss mechanism for energetic particles, referring to the scattering phenomenon where charged particles experience changes in their pitch angles due to the curvature and non-uniformity of magnetic field. Previous methods evaluating FLCS were suitable for less stretched configurations like dipole magnetic fields, but under Ts05 model, they led to non-physical results, especially in regions where the adiabatic parameter <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ε</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $varepsilon $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> exceeds 0.584. To address this, we developed a new method for evaluating FLCS, named the Loss Cone Offset method (LCOM). The method first anchors the offset of loss cone center due to Borovsky et al. (2022), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja030106 and works by constructing the pitch angle offset after one FLCS as a function of initial pitch angle and gyro-phase angle, and then correcting the function by parameters fitting using test-particle-tracing results. Our calculations can effectively evaluate particle scattering due to FLCS in the range of 0°–90° pitch angles and adiabatic parameter <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ε</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $varepsilon $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> ranging from 0.1 to 0.96. Loss Cone Offset method has good compatibility with previous methods under dipole magnetic field or TS05 magnetic field with low adiabatic parameters. It can effectively avoid non-physical results under stretched magnetic field and high adiabatic parameters, and evaluate the FLCS influence. Comparison with theoretical calculations, empirical formulas, and test-particle results demonstrates that the LCOM serves as an easy-to-use and reliable model for predicting particle loss due to FLCS in the magnetospheric dynamics. Its application deepens understanding of FLCS mechanisms, providing robust methodological support for developing physical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ambient Noise Array Tomography Using Regionalized Phase Velocities From Array-Based Methods
IF 3.9 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1029/2024JB030280
Kaifeng Zhao, Yingjie Yang, Yinhe Luo, Hao Jin, Chengxin Jiang

With the advancement of dense seismic arrays, array-processing methods for ambient noise data have become highly effective in extracting high-quality broadband surface wave dispersion curves from ambient noise. Recent advancements in array data processing methods have enabled the extraction of multimode dispersion curves, offering improved constraints on deep Earth structures. However, these array-based methods often produce regionalized dispersion curves, and conventional phase velocity maps constructed by interpolating these dispersion curves typically have limited resolution, and display smooth images of phase velocities. In this study, we develop an array tomography method aimed at improving the resolution of ambient noise tomography by utilizing dispersion curves extracted through array-based data processing. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in enhancing tomography resolution, we construct fundamental-mode 2-D Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps by applying our approach to regionalized dispersion curves obtained from array-based methods in the western United States. By comparing our tomographic results with those from conventional array-based methods, we show that our method can produce more accurate and higher-resolution phase velocity maps. Additionally, our approach is versatile and can be applied to construct high-resolution 1-D and 2-D velocity structures using regionalized phase velocities obtained from various other array-based data processing methods.

{"title":"Ambient Noise Array Tomography Using Regionalized Phase Velocities From Array-Based Methods","authors":"Kaifeng Zhao,&nbsp;Yingjie Yang,&nbsp;Yinhe Luo,&nbsp;Hao Jin,&nbsp;Chengxin Jiang","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the advancement of dense seismic arrays, array-processing methods for ambient noise data have become highly effective in extracting high-quality broadband surface wave dispersion curves from ambient noise. Recent advancements in array data processing methods have enabled the extraction of multimode dispersion curves, offering improved constraints on deep Earth structures. However, these array-based methods often produce regionalized dispersion curves, and conventional phase velocity maps constructed by interpolating these dispersion curves typically have limited resolution, and display smooth images of phase velocities. In this study, we develop an array tomography method aimed at improving the resolution of ambient noise tomography by utilizing dispersion curves extracted through array-based data processing. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in enhancing tomography resolution, we construct fundamental-mode 2-D Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps by applying our approach to regionalized dispersion curves obtained from array-based methods in the western United States. By comparing our tomographic results with those from conventional array-based methods, we show that our method can produce more accurate and higher-resolution phase velocity maps. Additionally, our approach is versatile and can be applied to construct high-resolution 1-D and 2-D velocity structures using regionalized phase velocities obtained from various other array-based data processing methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring urban environmental semantics for air quality prediction using explainable multi-view spatiotemporal graph neural networks
IF 4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103605
Qi Long, Jun Ma
Accurate air quality forecasting is essential for urban management and public health, yet it remains challenging due to the complexity of spatiotemporal air pollution dynamics and the interplay of static and dynamic urban factors. Traditional models often neglect the influence of static urban drivers, such as built environment features, which are critical to understanding pollution patterns. Addressing this limitation, we propose a multi-view, multi-modal Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network (STGNN) framework that integrates dynamic pollution data with static urban environmental semantics to improve predictive performance and interpretability. By embedding static features, such as Points of Interest (POIs), into the graph structure and leveraging a self-attention mechanism, our model captures complex spatial dependencies and temporal dynamics. Furthermore, an integrated Explainer module enhances transparency by revealing the spatial and feature-level influences driving air quality predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach not only achieves superior predictive accuracy compared to benchmark models but also provides actionable insights into the relationships between urban features and air quality. This study highlights the importance of integrating multi-modal data and interpretability in advancing air quality prediction, offering valuable implications for urban planning and pollution mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Exploring urban environmental semantics for air quality prediction using explainable multi-view spatiotemporal graph neural networks","authors":"Qi Long,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate air quality forecasting is essential for urban management and public health, yet it remains challenging due to the complexity of spatiotemporal air pollution dynamics and the interplay of static and dynamic urban factors. Traditional models often neglect the influence of static urban drivers, such as built environment features, which are critical to understanding pollution patterns. Addressing this limitation, we propose a multi-view, multi-modal Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network (STGNN) framework that integrates dynamic pollution data with static urban environmental semantics to improve predictive performance and interpretability. By embedding static features, such as Points of Interest (POIs), into the graph structure and leveraging a self-attention mechanism, our model captures complex spatial dependencies and temporal dynamics. Furthermore, an integrated Explainer module enhances transparency by revealing the spatial and feature-level influences driving air quality predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach not only achieves superior predictive accuracy compared to benchmark models but also provides actionable insights into the relationships between urban features and air quality. This study highlights the importance of integrating multi-modal data and interpretability in advancing air quality prediction, offering valuable implications for urban planning and pollution mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 103605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synoptic Observations of Near-Inertial Motions in an Enclosed Basin
IF 3.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1029/2024JC021828
Erica L. Green, Samuel M. Kelly, Andrew J. Lucas, Jay A. Austin, Jonathan D. Nash
<p>Near-inertial motions are common in the coastal ocean, producing significant currents, isopycnal displacements, and turbulent mixing. Unknown fractions of near-inertial energy are locally dissipated in the mixed layer and converted to offshore propagating internal waves along the coast. Here, we examine near-inertial motions from July to October 2017 at 10 moorings in Lake Superior, which provides a natural laboratory for the coastal ocean. The lake has an approximate two-layer structure and is dominated by near-inertial currents that reach 0.50 m <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <annotation> ${mathrm{s}}^{-1}$</annotation> </semantics></math> and isopycnal displacements that reach 10 m. Average mode-1 near-inertial kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE) are 320 J <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <annotation> ${mathrm{m}}^{-2}$</annotation> </semantics></math> and 10 J <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <annotation> ${mathrm{m}}^{-2}$</annotation> </semantics></math>, respectively. KE is inhibited near the coast and APE has no basin-wide structure. Velocity is separated into a basin-averaged inertial oscillation (IO) and a near inertial wave (NIW) residual. A slab model explains 87% of the IO variance, while the NIW field exhibits 5 W <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <annotation> ${mathrm{m}}^{-1}$</annotation> </semantics></math> offshore energy fluxes along the coasts, a group speed of 0.1 m <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn>
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating urban ozone dynamics in two Indian megacities using ground data and predictive ozone modelling: role of AVOC – NOx regime and influence on secondary PM levels
IF 3 4区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-025-09470-9
Yuva Kiran Kadali, Abhishek Chakraborty

Ozone (O3) in ambient air acts as a greenhouse gas and has harmful effects on human health and vegetation. Short-term exposure to elevated surface O3 is linked to increased risks of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere can trigger chemical reactions influenced by solar radiation (SR), resulting in O3 formation in the troposphere. This study focuses on a few locations within Delhi and Mumbai using publicly available data. O3 concentrations peak in the afternoon and decrease subsequently. During winter, NOx concentrations were higher, while O3 concentrations were lower, possibly due to reduced solar radiation and altered atmospheric VOC-NOx regimes. The HCHO/NO2 ratios in both Delhi and Mumbai are less than 1, indicating VOC-limited conditions. The secondary fraction (SA) of PM2.5 at select locations was estimated using the Approximate Envelope Method (AEM). SA values derived from AEM exhibited diurnal trends consistent with field studies and established knowledge. This analysis demonstrated that SA can constitute up to 85% of total PM2.5, highlighting its significant contribution to overall particulate matter levels. An evaluation of the AVOC-NOx-O3-SA relationship revealed that elevated O3 concentrations predominantly occur at higher AVOC/NOx ratios, often leading to increased SA levels to some extent. To predict O3, a multiple linear regression model was employed, incorporating various parameters. The model achieved a coefficient of correlation when compared to measured data of over 0.90, indicating its effectiveness in predicting O3 levels. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of surface O3 and its implications for urban secondary pollutants.

{"title":"Evaluating urban ozone dynamics in two Indian megacities using ground data and predictive ozone modelling: role of AVOC – NOx regime and influence on secondary PM levels","authors":"Yuva Kiran Kadali,&nbsp;Abhishek Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s10874-025-09470-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-025-09470-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) in ambient air acts as a greenhouse gas and has harmful effects on human health and vegetation. Short-term exposure to elevated surface O<sub>3</sub> is linked to increased risks of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) into the atmosphere can trigger chemical reactions influenced by solar radiation (SR), resulting in O<sub>3</sub> formation in the troposphere. This study focuses on a few locations within Delhi and Mumbai using publicly available data. O<sub>3</sub> concentrations peak in the afternoon and decrease subsequently. During winter, NO<sub>x</sub> concentrations were higher, while O<sub>3</sub> concentrations were lower, possibly due to reduced solar radiation and altered atmospheric VOC-NO<sub>x</sub> regimes. The HCHO/NO<sub>2</sub> ratios in both Delhi and Mumbai are less than 1, indicating VOC-limited conditions. The secondary fraction (SA) of PM<sub>2.5</sub> at select locations was estimated using the Approximate Envelope Method (AEM). SA values derived from AEM exhibited diurnal trends consistent with field studies and established knowledge. This analysis demonstrated that SA can constitute up to 85% of total PM<sub>2.5</sub>, highlighting its significant contribution to overall particulate matter levels. An evaluation of the AVOC-NOx-O<sub>3</sub>-SA relationship revealed that elevated O<sub>3</sub> concentrations predominantly occur at higher AVOC/NOx ratios, often leading to increased SA levels to some extent. To predict O<sub>3</sub>, a multiple linear regression model was employed, incorporating various parameters. The model achieved a coefficient of correlation when compared to measured data of over 0.90, indicating its effectiveness in predicting O<sub>3</sub> levels. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of surface O<sub>3</sub> and its implications for urban secondary pollutants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early Paleoproterozoic mafic to felsic magmatism from the Cuoke Complex, South China: Implications for the early tectonic evolution of the southwestern Yangtze Craton
IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107769
Jibiao Zhang , Xiaozhong Ding , Yanxue Liu , Heng Zhang , Peiwen Liu , Chenglong Shi
<div><div>The early Paleoproterozoic architecture and tectonic evolution of the Yangtze Craton in present-day southern China remain poorly understood due to the limited outcrops of rocks from this period. The recently discovered Cuoke Complex in the southwestern Yangtze Craton preserves numerous early Paleoproterozoic igneous rocks, providing a valuable opportunity to investigate the early evolution of the Yangtze Craton. On the basis of lithological features, magmatic zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemical characteristics, four main lithological assemblages have been identified, and their petrogeneses have been revealed. (1) The ca. 2.36 Ga monzogranites have low Zr + Nb + Ce + Y contents (155–267 ppm), high A/CNK ratios (1.14–1.42), and low 10,000*Ga/Al ratios (1.66–2.50), which are typical of S-type granites. These monzogranites display negative whole-rock ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) (−4.7 to −7.6) and zircon ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values (−2.4 to −4.8) and high CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0.01–0.08) and CaO/Na<sub>2</sub>O ratios (0.04–0.32), suggesting that they formed through the remelting of ancient pelites. (2) The ca. 2.33 Ga diorites are characterized by high Sr contents (556–619 ppm), high Sr/Y (63.0–83.1) and (La/Yb)<sub>N</sub> ratios (24.7–28.1), and low Y (7.45–9.17 ppm) and Yb (0.94–1.11 ppm) contents; thus, these rocks resemble adakites. The elevated Mg<sup>#</sup> values (46–56), high Cr (106–125 ppm) and Ni (38.9–43.9 ppm) contents, and positive ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) (+2.4 to + 4.2) and ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values (+1.4 to + 8.4) indicate that these rocks originated from the partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab. (3) The ca. 2.32 Ga mafic rocks exhibit typical Nb-enriched basaltic features, with high TiO<sub>2</sub> (2.08–3.94 wt%) and Nb (7.63–16.7 ppm) contents and elevated Nb/Th (4.85–11.7), Nb/La (0.33–0.87), and Nb/U (13.4–32.1) ratios. The rocks have decoupled Nd–Hf isotopes with relatively low whole-rock ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) (+2.1 to + 3.6) values and relatively high zircon ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) (+2.2 to + 9.0) values, suggesting that they were derived from a mantle wedge modified by slab-derived adakitic melts. (4) The ca. 2.32 Ga granites display high Zr + Nb + Ce + Y contents (451–522 ppm), high 10,000*Ga/Al (2.58–2.69), Y/Nb (1.32–1.94), and Yb/Ta ratios (1.09–1.89), and significantly negative Eu, Ba, Sr, and Ti anomalies, indicating an affinity with A<sub>2</sub>-type granites. The peraluminous features (A/CNK = 1.05–1.24) and negative whole-rock ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) (−2.9 to −5.5) values and zircon ε<sub>Hf</sub>(t) values (−2.1 to −5.1) suggest that these rocks formed through the partial melting of ancient metasedimentary rocks. Considering previous geochronological and geochemical studies of other ancient complexes within the Yangtze Craton, we propose that the ca. 2.36 Ga monzogranites were most likely generated in a <em>syn</em>-collisional setting, whereas the ca. 2.34–2.32 Ga adakites, Nb-enriched mafic rocks, and
{"title":"Early Paleoproterozoic mafic to felsic magmatism from the Cuoke Complex, South China: Implications for the early tectonic evolution of the southwestern Yangtze Craton","authors":"Jibiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaozhong Ding ,&nbsp;Yanxue Liu ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Peiwen Liu ,&nbsp;Chenglong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107769","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The early Paleoproterozoic architecture and tectonic evolution of the Yangtze Craton in present-day southern China remain poorly understood due to the limited outcrops of rocks from this period. The recently discovered Cuoke Complex in the southwestern Yangtze Craton preserves numerous early Paleoproterozoic igneous rocks, providing a valuable opportunity to investigate the early evolution of the Yangtze Craton. On the basis of lithological features, magmatic zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemical characteristics, four main lithological assemblages have been identified, and their petrogeneses have been revealed. (1) The ca. 2.36 Ga monzogranites have low Zr + Nb + Ce + Y contents (155–267 ppm), high A/CNK ratios (1.14–1.42), and low 10,000*Ga/Al ratios (1.66–2.50), which are typical of S-type granites. These monzogranites display negative whole-rock ε&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt;(t) (−4.7 to −7.6) and zircon ε&lt;sub&gt;Hf&lt;/sub&gt;(t) values (−2.4 to −4.8) and high CaO/Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (0.01–0.08) and CaO/Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O ratios (0.04–0.32), suggesting that they formed through the remelting of ancient pelites. (2) The ca. 2.33 Ga diorites are characterized by high Sr contents (556–619 ppm), high Sr/Y (63.0–83.1) and (La/Yb)&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; ratios (24.7–28.1), and low Y (7.45–9.17 ppm) and Yb (0.94–1.11 ppm) contents; thus, these rocks resemble adakites. The elevated Mg&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt; values (46–56), high Cr (106–125 ppm) and Ni (38.9–43.9 ppm) contents, and positive ε&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt;(t) (+2.4 to + 4.2) and ε&lt;sub&gt;Hf&lt;/sub&gt;(t) values (+1.4 to + 8.4) indicate that these rocks originated from the partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab. (3) The ca. 2.32 Ga mafic rocks exhibit typical Nb-enriched basaltic features, with high TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (2.08–3.94 wt%) and Nb (7.63–16.7 ppm) contents and elevated Nb/Th (4.85–11.7), Nb/La (0.33–0.87), and Nb/U (13.4–32.1) ratios. The rocks have decoupled Nd–Hf isotopes with relatively low whole-rock ε&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt;(t) (+2.1 to + 3.6) values and relatively high zircon ε&lt;sub&gt;Hf&lt;/sub&gt;(t) (+2.2 to + 9.0) values, suggesting that they were derived from a mantle wedge modified by slab-derived adakitic melts. (4) The ca. 2.32 Ga granites display high Zr + Nb + Ce + Y contents (451–522 ppm), high 10,000*Ga/Al (2.58–2.69), Y/Nb (1.32–1.94), and Yb/Ta ratios (1.09–1.89), and significantly negative Eu, Ba, Sr, and Ti anomalies, indicating an affinity with A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-type granites. The peraluminous features (A/CNK = 1.05–1.24) and negative whole-rock ε&lt;sub&gt;Nd&lt;/sub&gt;(t) (−2.9 to −5.5) values and zircon ε&lt;sub&gt;Hf&lt;/sub&gt;(t) values (−2.1 to −5.1) suggest that these rocks formed through the partial melting of ancient metasedimentary rocks. Considering previous geochronological and geochemical studies of other ancient complexes within the Yangtze Craton, we propose that the ca. 2.36 Ga monzogranites were most likely generated in a &lt;em&gt;syn&lt;/em&gt;-collisional setting, whereas the ca. 2.34–2.32 Ga adakites, Nb-enriched mafic rocks, and","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":"422 ","pages":"Article 107769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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