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Mechanical Viability and Functionality Assessment of a New Sutureless Endoluminal Microvascular Device: A Preliminary In Vivo Rabbit Study. 新型无缝线腔内微血管装置的机械活力和功能评估:兔子体内初步研究。
IF 0.8 4区 医学 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1115/1.4066555
Jordi Descarrega, Joan Fontdevila, Erica Segura, Héctor Oyonate, German Bellemi, Brittany Taylor

Our group has developed a new nitinol endoluminal self-expandable device for microvascular anastomosis. It attaches to each vessel ending with opposite directed microspikes and reaches complete expansion at body temperature, using the nitinol shape memory capacity. The main purpose of this first in vivo trial is to evaluate the mechanical viability of the device and its immediate and early functionality. A recuperation study with seven New Zealand White rabbits was designed. A 1.96 mm outer diameter prototype of the new device was placed on the right femoral artery of each rabbit. Each anastomosis was reassessed on the seventh postoperative day to reevaluate the device function. The average anastomosis time with the new device was 18 min and 45 seg (±0.3 seg). It could be easily placed in all the cases with an average of 1.14 (1) complementary stitches needed to achieve a sealed anastomosis. Patency test was positive for all the cases on the immediate assessment. On the 1 week revision surgery, patency test was negative for the seven rabbits due to blood clot formation inside the device. The new device that we have developed is simple to use and shows correct immediate functionality. On the early assessment, the presence of a foreign body in the endoluminal space caused blood clot formation. We speculate that a heparin eluting version of the device could avoid thrombosis formation. We consider that the results obtained can be valuable for other endoluminal sutureless devices.

我们的研究小组开发了一种用于微血管吻合的新型镍钛诺内腔自膨胀装置。该装置利用镍钛诺的形状记忆能力,通过方向相反的微钉连接到每条血管的末端,并在体温下实现完全扩张。首次体内试验的主要目的是评估该装置的机械可行性及其即时和早期功能。我们设计了一项以七只新西兰白兔为对象的休养研究。将外径为 1.96 毫米的新装置原型放置在每只兔子的右股动脉上。在术后第七天对每个吻合口进行重新评估,以重新评价装置的功能。新装置的平均吻合时间为 18 分 45 秒(±0.3 秒)。所有病例的吻合都很容易,平均只需 1.14(1)针的补充缝合即可实现密封吻合。在即时评估中,所有病例的吻合口都呈阳性。在一周的翻修手术中,由于装置内形成了血凝块,7 只兔子的通畅性测试结果均为阴性。我们开发的新装置使用简单,能立即显示出正确的功能。在早期评估中,内腔空间异物的存在导致了血凝块的形成。我们推测,肝素洗脱型装置可以避免血栓形成。我们认为,获得的结果对其他腔内无缝合器械也很有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Implementation of a Computer-Controlled Hybrid Oscillatory Ventilator. 计算机控制的混合振荡通风机的设计与实施。
IF 0.8 4区 医学 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1115/1.4066679
Andrea F Cruz, Jacob Herrmann, Bakir Hajdarevic, Monica L Hawley, Donald Fox, Jason H T Bates, David W Kaczka

During mechanical ventilation, lung function and gas exchange in structurally heterogeneous lungs may be improved when volume oscillations at the airway opening are applied at multiple frequencies simultaneously, a technique referred to as multifrequency oscillatory ventilation (MFOV). This is in contrast to conventional high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), for which oscillatory volumes are applied at a single frequency. In the present study, as a means of fully realizing the potential of MFOV, we designed and tested a computer-controlled hybrid oscillatory ventilator capable of generating the flows, tidal volumes, and airway pressures required for MFOV, HFOV, conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), as well as oscillometric measurements of respiratory impedance. The device employs an iterative spectral feedback controller to generate a wide range of oscillatory waveforms. The performance of the device meets that of commercial mechanical ventilators in volume-controlled mode. Oscillatory modes of ventilation also meet design specifications in a mechanical test lung, over frequencies from 4 to 20 Hz and mean airway pressure from 5 to 30 cmH2O. In proof-of-concept experiments, the oscillatory ventilator maintained adequate gas exchange in a porcine model of acute lung injury, using combinations of conventional and oscillatory ventilation modalities. In summary, our novel device is capable of generating a wide range of conventional and oscillatory ventilation waveforms with potential to enhance gas exchange, while simultaneously providing less injurious ventilation.

在机械通气过程中,如果在气道开口处同时以多种频率进行容积振荡,可改善结构异质肺的肺功能和气体交换,这种技术被称为多频振荡通气(MFOV)。这与传统的高频振荡通气(HFOV)形成了鲜明对比,后者只在单一频率下进行体积振荡。在本研究中,为了充分发挥 MFOV 的潜力,我们设计并测试了一种计算机控制的混合振荡通气设备,该设备能够产生 MFOV、HFOV 和传统机械通气(CMV)所需的流量、潮气量和气道压力,并能对呼吸阻抗进行振荡测量。该设备采用迭代频谱反馈控制器,可产生多种振荡波形。在容量控制模式下,该设备的性能达到了商用机械呼吸机的水平。振荡通气模式也符合机械测试肺的设计规范,频率范围为 4 到 20 Hz,平均气道压力范围为 5 到 30 cmH2O。在概念验证实验中,振荡通风机在猪急性肺损伤模型中使用传统通气模式和振荡通气模式组合维持了充分的气体交换。总之,我们的新型设备能够产生多种常规和振荡通气波形,具有增强气体交换的潜力,同时提供损伤较小的通气。
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引用次数: 0
ShF5H1 overexpression increases syringyl lignin and improves saccharification in sugarcane leaves. ShF5H1 过表达可增加甘蔗叶片中的丁香基木质素并提高糖化率。
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2325181
Juan Pablo Portilla Llerena, Eduardo Kiyota, Fernanda Raquel Camilo Dos Santos, Julio C Garcia, Rodrigo Faleiro de Lima, Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer, Michael Dos Santos Brito, Paulo Mazzafera, Silvana Creste, Paula Macedo Nobile

The agricultural sugarcane residues, bagasse and straws, can be used for second-generation ethanol (2GE) production by the cellulose conversion into glucose (saccharification). However, the lignin content negatively impacts the saccharification process. This polymer is mainly composed of guaiacyl (G), hydroxyphenyl (H), and syringyl (S) units, the latter formed in the ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) branch of the lignin biosynthesis pathway. We have generated transgenic lines overexpressing ShF5H1 under the control of the C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase) rice promoter, which led to a significant increase of up to 160% in the S/G ratio and 63% in the saccharification efficiency in leaves. Nevertheless, the content of lignin was unchanged in this organ. In culms, neither the S/G ratio nor sucrose accumulation was altered, suggesting that ShF5H1 overexpression would not affect first-generation ethanol production. Interestingly, the bagasse showed a significantly higher fiber content. Our results indicate that the tissue-specific manipulation of the biosynthetic branch leading to S unit formation is industrially advantageous and has established a foundation for further studies aiming at refining lignin modifications. Thus, the ShF5H1 overexpression in sugarcane emerges as an efficient strategy to improve 2GE production from straw.

农业甘蔗残渣、甘蔗渣和秸秆可通过将纤维素转化为葡萄糖(糖化)用于生产第二代乙醇(2GE)。然而,木质素含量会对糖化过程产生负面影响。这种聚合物主要由愈创木基(G)、羟基苯基(H)和丁香基(S)单元组成,后者在木质素生物合成途径的阿魏酸 5-羟化酶(F5H)分支中形成。我们在 C4H(肉桂酸 4-羟化酶)水稻启动子的控制下产生了过表达 ShF5H1 的转基因品系,这使得叶片中的 S/G 比率显著提高了 160%,糖化效率提高了 63%。然而,该器官中的木质素含量没有变化。在茎秆中,S/G 比率和蔗糖积累都没有改变,这表明 ShF5H1 的过表达不会影响第一代乙醇的生产。有趣的是,甘蔗渣中的纤维含量明显更高。我们的研究结果表明,对导致 S 单位形成的生物合成分支进行组织特异性操作具有工业优势,并为旨在完善木质素改性的进一步研究奠定了基础。因此,在甘蔗中过表达 ShF5H1 是提高秸秆 2GE 产量的有效策略。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the GMO narrative through labeling: strategies, products, and politics. 通过标签探索转基因叙述:战略、产品和政治。
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2318027
Camille D Ryan, Elizabeth Henggeler, Samantha Gilbert, Andrew J Schaul, John T Swarthout

Labels are influential signals in the marketplace intended to inform and to eliminate buyer confusion. Despite this, food labels continue to be the subject of debate. None more so than non-GMO (genetically modified organisms) labels. This manuscript provides a timeline of the evolution of GMO labels beginning with the early history of the anti-GMO movement to the current National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard in the United States. Using media and market intelligence data collected through Buzzsumo™ and Mintel™, public discourse of GMOs is analyzed in relation to sociopolitical events and the number of new food products with anti-GMO labels, respectively. Policy document and publication data is collected with Overton™ to illustrate the policy landscape for the GMO topic and how it has changed over time. Analysis of the collective data illustrates that while social media and policy engagement around the topic of GMOs has diminished over time, the number of new products with a GMO-free designation continues to grow. While discourse peaked at one point, and has since declined, our results suggest that the legacy of an anti-GMO narrative remains firmly embedded in the social psyche, evidenced by the continuing rise of products with GMO-free designation. Campaigns for GMO food labels to satisfy consumers' right to know were successful and the perceived need for this information now appears to be self-sustaining.

标签是市场上有影响力的信号,旨在提供信息并消除购买者的困惑。尽管如此,食品标签仍然是争论的焦点。非转基因(转基因生物)标签更是如此。本手稿提供了转基因生物标签演变的时间轴,从早期的反转基因运动历史开始,到美国现行的《国家生物工程食品披露标准》。通过 Buzzsumo™ 和 Mintel™ 收集的媒体和市场情报数据,分别结合社会政治事件和带有反转基因生物标签的新食品数量,分析了公众对转基因生物的讨论。我们还利用 Overton™ 收集了政策文件和出版物数据,以说明转基因生物主题的政策状况及其随着时间的推移而发生的变化。对集体数据的分析表明,虽然随着时间的推移,围绕转基因生物话题的社交媒体和政策参与有所减少,但带有无转基因生物标识的新产品数量却在持续增长。虽然讨论一度达到顶峰,但后来有所下降,我们的研究结果表明,反转基因论调在社会心理中仍然根深蒂固,这一点可以从不含转基因产品的持续增加中得到证明。为满足消费者的知情权而开展的转基因食品标签运动取得了成功,现在看来,对这一信息的认知需求正在自我维持。
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引用次数: 0
Agricultural chemical use and the rural-urban divide in Canada. 加拿大农业化学品的使用和城乡差别。
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2318876
Stuart J Smyth, Sylvain Charlebois

Innovation is of fundamental importance for improving food production, as well as sustainability food production. Since 1960, food production has benefited from innovations in plant breeding technologies, fertilizer, chemicals and equipment. These innovations have dramatically increased food production, while the amount of land used has minimally increased. However, future food production increases are jeopardized from widening knowledge gaps between rural food producers and large urban food consuming populations. Over time, that gap has fueled disinformation. The development of disinformation business models contributes to urban consumers receiving inaccurate information about the importance of inputs essential to food production, resulting in political pressures being applied that are targeted at reductions in the use of many food production inputs. The use of chemicals are a frequent target of disinformation campaigns. This article examines how the lack of government clarity about the safe use of chemicals contributes to a lack of public information.

创新对于提高粮食产量和粮食生产的可持续性至关重要。自 1960 年以来,粮食生产得益于植物育种技术、化肥、化学品和设备方面的创新。这些创新极大地提高了粮食产量,而土地使用量的增加却微乎其微。然而,由于农村粮食生产者与庞大的城市粮食消费人口之间的知识差距不断扩大,未来的粮食增产受到威胁。随着时间的推移,这种差距助长了虚假信息。虚假信息商业模式的发展导致城市消费者对粮食生产所必需的投入品的重要性获得不准确的信息,从而施加政治压力,要求减少许多粮食生产投入品的使用。化学品的使用经常成为虚假宣传的目标。本文探讨了政府对化学品的安全使用缺乏明确规定是如何造成公众信息匮乏的。
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引用次数: 0
In-silico analysis and transformation of OsMYB48 transcription factor driven by CaMV35S promoter in model plant - Nicotiana tabacum L. conferring abiotic stress tolerance. 对CaMV35S启动子驱动的OsMYB48转录因子在模式植物--Nicotiana tabacum L.中赋予抗非生物性胁迫能力的内部分析和转化。
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2334476
Yumna Ahmad, Saqlain Haider, Javed Iqbal, Sana Naseer, Kotb A Attia, Arif Ahmed Mohammed, Sajid Fiaz, Tariq Mahmood

Global crop yield has been affected by a number of abiotic stresses. Heat, salinity, and drought stress are at the top of the list as serious environmental growth-limiting factors. To enhance crop productivity, molecular approaches have been used to determine the key regulators affecting stress-related phenomena. MYB transcription factors (TF) have been reported as one of the promising defensive proteins against the unfavorable conditions that plants must face. Different roles of MYB TFs have been suggested such as regulation of cellular growth and differentiation, hormonal signaling, mediating abiotic stress responses, etc. To gain significant insights, a comprehensive in-silico analysis of OsMYB TF was carried out in comparison with 21 dicot MYB TFs and 10 monocot MYB TFs. Their chromosomal location, gene structure, protein domain, and motifs were analyzed. The phylogenetic relationship was also studied, which resulted in the classification of proteins into four basic groups: groups A, B, C, and D. The protein motif analysis identified several conserved sequences responsible for cellular activities. The gene structure analysis suggested that proteins that were present in the same class, showed similar intron-exon structures. Promoter analysis revealed major cis-acting elements that were found to be responsible for hormonal signaling and initiating a response to abiotic stress and light-induced mechanisms. The transformation of OsMYB TF into tobacco was carried out using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, to further analyze the expression level of a gene in different plant parts, under stress conditions. To summarize, the current studies shed light on the evolution and role of OsMYB TF in plants. Future investigations should focus on elucidating the functional roles of MYB transcription factors in abiotic stress tolerance through targeted genetic modification and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. The application of omics approaches and systems biology will be indispensable in delineating the regulatory networks orchestrated by MYB TFs, facilitating the development of crop genotypes with enhanced resilience to environmental stressors. Rigorous field validation of these genetically engineered or edited crops is imperative to ascertain their utility in promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

全球作物产量受到多种非生物胁迫的影响。高温、盐度和干旱胁迫是最严重的环境生长限制因素。为了提高作物产量,人们采用分子方法来确定影响胁迫相关现象的关键调节因子。据报道,MYB 转录因子(TF)是一种很有前途的防御蛋白,能抵御植物必须面对的不利条件。人们认为 MYB 转录因子具有不同的作用,如调节细胞生长和分化、激素信号转导、介导非生物胁迫反应等。为了获得重要的洞察力,我们对 OsMYB TF 与 21 种双子叶植物 MYB TF 和 10 种单子叶植物 MYB TF 进行了全面的体内分析。分析了它们的染色体位置、基因结构、蛋白结构域和基序。此外,还研究了它们之间的系统发育关系,并将蛋白质分为 A、B、C 和 D 四个基本组。基因结构分析表明,同一类蛋白质具有相似的内含子-外显子结构。启动子分析发现了主要的顺式作用元件,这些元件负责激素信号转导,并启动对非生物胁迫和光诱导机制的响应。利用农杆菌介导的转化方法将 OsMYB TF 转化到烟草中,以进一步分析在胁迫条件下该基因在植物不同部位的表达水平。总之,目前的研究揭示了 OsMYB TF 在植物中的进化和作用。未来的研究应侧重于通过靶向遗传修饰和 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的基因组编辑,阐明 MYB 转录因子在非生物胁迫耐受性中的功能作用。在阐明 MYB 转录因子所协调的调控网络方面,应用全局学方法和系统生物学将是不可或缺的,这将有助于开发对环境胁迫具有更强抗逆性的作物基因型。必须对这些基因工程或编辑过的作物进行严格的实地验证,以确定它们在促进可持续农业实践中的效用。
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引用次数: 0
Cloning and functional analysis of ZmMADS42 gene in maize. 玉米 ZmMADS42 基因的克隆和功能分析。
IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2328384
Yang Zhao, Jianyu Lu, Bo Hu, Peng Jiao, Bai Gao, Zhenzhong Jiang, Siyan Liu, Shuyan Guan, Yiyong Ma

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop in the world. Flowering period and photoperiod play important roles in the reproductive development of maize. This study, investigated ZmMADS42, a gene that is highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem. Agrobacterium infection was used to successfully obtain overexpressed ZmMADS42 plants. Fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of the ZmMADS42 gene in the shoot apical meristem of transgenic plants was 2.8 times higher than that of the wild-type(WT). In addition, the expression of the ZmMADS42 gene in the endosperm was 2.4 times higher than that in the wild-type. The seed width of the T2 generation increased by 5.35%, whereas the seed length decreased by 7.78% compared with that of the wild-type. Dissection of the shoot tips of transgenic and wild-type plants from the 7-leaf stage to the 9-leaf stage revealed that the transgenic plants entered the differentiation stage earlier and exhibited more tassel meristems during their vegetative growth period. The mature transgenic plants were approximately 20 cm shorter in height and had a lower panicle position than the wild-type plants. Comparing the flowering period, the tasseling, powdering, and silking stages of the transgenic plants occurred 10 days earlier than those of the wild-type plants. The results showed that the ZmMADS42 gene played a significant role in regulating the flowering period and plant height of maize.

玉米(Zea mays L.)是世界上最重要的谷类作物。花期和光周期对玉米的生殖发育起着重要作用。本研究对 ZmMADS42 进行了研究,这是一个在芽顶端分生组织中高表达的基因。利用农杆菌感染成功获得了过表达 ZmMADS42 的植株。荧光定量 PCR 结果显示,转基因植株芽尖分生组织中 ZmMADS42 基因的表达量是野生型(WT)的 2.8 倍。此外,ZmMADS42 基因在胚乳中的表达量是野生型的 2.4 倍。与野生型相比,T2 代的种子宽度增加了 5.35%,而种子长度则减少了 7.78%。对转基因植株和野生型植株从 7 叶期到 9 叶期的芽尖进行解剖发现,转基因植株较早进入分化期,在无性生长期表现出更多的抽穗分生组织。成熟的转基因植株高度比野生型植株矮约 20 厘米,圆锥花序位置也比野生型植株低。比较花期,转基因植株的抽穗期、粉期和抽丝期比野生型植株早 10 天。结果表明,ZmMADS42 基因在调控玉米的花期和株高方面发挥了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Lipid Nanovesicle Platforms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Precision Medicine Therapeutics: Progress and Perspectives. 用于肝细胞癌精准医学治疗的脂质纳米囊平台:进展与展望》。
IF 1.6 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2024.2313696
Brandon M Lehrich, Evan R Delgado

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally. HCC is highly heterogenous with diverse etiologies leading to different driver mutations potentiating unique tumor immune microenvironments. Current therapeutic options, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and combinations, have achieved limited objective response rates for the majority of patients. Thus, a precision medicine approach is needed to tailor specific treatment options for molecular subsets of HCC patients. Lipid nanovesicle platforms, either liposome- (synthetic) or extracellular vesicle (natural)-derived present are improved drug delivery vehicles which may be modified to contain specific cargos for targeting specific tumor sites, with a natural affinity for liver with limited toxicity. This mini-review provides updates on the applications of novel lipid nanovesicle-based therapeutics for HCC precision medicine and the challenges associated with translating this therapeutic subclass from preclinical models to the clinic.

肝细胞癌(HCC)是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。HCC 具有高度异质性,不同的病因导致不同的驱动基因突变,从而增强了独特的肿瘤免疫微环境。目前的治疗方案,包括免疫检查点抑制剂和联合疗法,对大多数患者的客观反应率有限。因此,需要一种精准医疗方法,为 HCC 患者的分子亚群量身定制特定的治疗方案。脂质纳米囊平台,无论是脂质体(合成的)还是细胞外囊(天然的),都是经过改良的给药载体,可被修饰成含有针对特定肿瘤部位的特定载体,对肝脏具有天然的亲和力,且毒性有限。这篇微型综述介绍了基于新型脂质纳米囊泡的疗法在 HCC 精准医疗中的最新应用,以及将这一治疗亚类从临床前模型转化到临床所面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
The recent genetic modification techniques for improve soil conservation, nutrient uptake and utilization. 最新的转基因技术可改善土壤保持、养分吸收和利用。
IF 4.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2377408
Gideon Sadikiel Mmbando, Kelvin Ngongolo

Advances in genetic modification (GM) techniques have generated huge interest in improving nutrient utilization, maximizing nutrient uptake, and conserving soil in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture. Unfortunately, little is still known about the recent advancements in the application of GM tactics to enhance each of these areas. This review explores the latest GM strategies intended to support soil conservation, maximize nutrient uptake, and improve nutrient utilization in farming, highlighting the critical roles that soil health and nutrient management play in sustainable farming. GM strategies such as improving the efficiency of nutrient uptake through enhanced root systems and increased nutrient transport mechanisms are well discussed. This study suggests that addressing potential obstacles, such as ethical and regulatory concerns, is a necessity for long-term sustainability applications of GM technologies to raise agricultural yields.

转基因技术的进步引起了人们对提高养分利用率、最大限度地吸收养分和保护土壤以实现可持续农业的极大兴趣。遗憾的是,人们对最近在应用转基因技术改善上述各领域方面取得的进展仍然知之甚少。本综述探讨了旨在支持土壤保持、最大限度地吸收养分和提高养分利用率的最新转基因策略,强调了土壤健康和养分管理在可持续农业中的关键作用。其中充分讨论了转基因战略,如通过增强根系和增加养分运输机制来提高养分吸收效率。这项研究表明,要长期可持续地应用转基因技术提高农业产量,就必须解决潜在的障碍,如伦理和监管问题。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of the Risk Factors and Approaches to Prevention of Post-Reperfusion Syndrome During Liver Transplantation. 肝移植期间再灌注后综合征的风险因素和预防方法综述。
IF 1.6 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-31 Epub Date: 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2024.2386730
Qian Gao, Jin-Zhen Cai, He Dong

Post-reperfusion syndrome (PRS) is a severe and highly lethal syndrome that occurs after declamping the portal vein forceps during liver transplantation. It is marked by severe hemodynamic disturbances manifested by decreased mean arterial pressure, increased heart rate and elevated pulmonary artery pressure. The complex pathogenesis of PRS remains understudied. It is generally believed to be related to the large amount of acidic, cold blood that enters the circulation after release of the portal clamp. This blood is rich in oxygen-free radicals and metabolic toxins, which not only aggravate the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver but also further attack the systemic organs indiscriminately. Considering the range of possible adverse prognoses including acute kidney injury, delirium and graft nonfunction, it is imperative that clinicians increase their awareness and prevention of PRS. The aim of this article is to review the current risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms and prevention strategies for PRS.

再灌注后综合征(PRS)是肝移植过程中门静脉钳夹术后发生的一种严重的、致死率极高的综合征。它以严重的血液动力学紊乱为特征,表现为平均动脉压下降、心率加快和肺动脉压升高。对 PRS 复杂的发病机制研究仍然不足。一般认为,这与门静脉钳夹释放后大量酸性冷血进入血液循环有关。这些血液富含无氧自由基和代谢毒素,不仅会加重肝脏的缺血再灌注损伤,还会进一步对全身器官造成无差别攻击。考虑到急性肾损伤、谵妄和移植物功能障碍等一系列可能的不良预后,临床医生必须提高对 PRS 的认识并加强预防。本文旨在回顾当前 PRS 的风险因素、病理生理机制和预防策略。
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引用次数: 0
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