首页 > 最新文献

环境科学与生态学最新文献

英文 中文
IF:
Assessing the resource potential of paper and board in lightweight packaging waste sorting plants through manual analysis and sensor-based material flow monitoring. 通过人工分析和基于传感器的物料流监测,评估轻质包装废弃物分拣厂中纸张和纸板的资源潜力。
IF 7.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.034
Alena Maria Spies, Nils Kroell, Annika Ludes, Bastian Küppers, Karoline Raulf, Kathrin Greiff

The recycling of paper and board (PB) yields economic and environmental advantages compared to primary paper production. However, PB from lightweight packaging (LWP) waste is currently not comprehensively reintegrated into the paper value stream. To develop an adapted recycling process for PB from LWP, PB quantities, qualities, and fluctuations ranges in LWP are required. Currently, no sufficient database is available. Therefore, we developed a methodical approach and conducted a case study to access the PB potential in LWP sorting plants using manual analysis and sensor-based material flow monitoring. Differences resulting from seasonal variations, materials from different settlement structures, and fluctuation ranges in LWP composition over two weeks have been investigated. PB contents in the input of 6.5 wt% (ww) and 5.9 wt% (ww) were determined for winter and summer sampling campaigns, respectively. The PB product stream amounted to 5.7 wt% (ww, winter) and 4.8 wt% (ww, summer). Around 45 wt% (ww) of PB from the PB product stream was classified as misplaced by the consumer and should have been discarded in separate paper collections. Based on the determined PB quantities and qualities, a potential of usable and in the PB product stream available PB in LWP was determined. The technically available and usable PB potential in German LWP waste amounts to 89,000 to 100,000tons per year (average PB yield of around 65 wt% (ww)). The methodical approach can be adapted for sorting plant balances. The results can contribute to developing an adapted recycling process for PB from LWP.

与原纸生产相比,纸和纸板(PB)的回收利用具有经济和环境优势。然而,从轻量包装(LWP)废料中回收的纸和纸板目前还没有全面地重新融入纸张价值流中。要开发出一套适用于轻量包装废纸中 PB 的回收工艺,需要了解轻量包装废纸中 PB 的数量、质量和波动范围。目前还没有足够的数据库。因此,我们开发了一种方法,并进行了一项案例研究,利用人工分析和基于传感器的物料流监测,来获取低浓纸浆分拣厂中可再生纸浆的潜力。研究了季节性变化、不同沉降结构的材料以及两周内 LWP 成分波动范围造成的差异。在冬季和夏季取样活动中,分别测定了 6.5 wt%(湿重)和 5.9 wt%(湿重)的 PB 含量。产品流中的多溴联苯含量分别为 5.7 wt%(湿重,冬季)和 4.8 wt%(湿重,夏季)。生化纸产品流中约有 45%(重量比)的生化纸被消费者归类为放错地方的纸,本应丢弃在单独的纸张收集中。根据已确定的生化酚的数量和质量,确定了生化酚产品流中的可用生化酚在生化纸浆中的潜力。从技术上看,德国轻质纸浆废弃物中可利用和可用的酚醛潜力为每年 89,000 至 100,000 吨(平均酚醛产量约为 65 wt%)。该方法可用于分拣工厂的平衡。研究结果将有助于开发出一种适用于从 LWP 中提取 PB 的回收工艺。
{"title":"Assessing the resource potential of paper and board in lightweight packaging waste sorting plants through manual analysis and sensor-based material flow monitoring.","authors":"Alena Maria Spies, Nils Kroell, Annika Ludes, Bastian Küppers, Karoline Raulf, Kathrin Greiff","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recycling of paper and board (PB) yields economic and environmental advantages compared to primary paper production. However, PB from lightweight packaging (LWP) waste is currently not comprehensively reintegrated into the paper value stream. To develop an adapted recycling process for PB from LWP, PB quantities, qualities, and fluctuations ranges in LWP are required. Currently, no sufficient database is available. Therefore, we developed a methodical approach and conducted a case study to access the PB potential in LWP sorting plants using manual analysis and sensor-based material flow monitoring. Differences resulting from seasonal variations, materials from different settlement structures, and fluctuation ranges in LWP composition over two weeks have been investigated. PB contents in the input of 6.5 wt% (ww) and 5.9 wt% (ww) were determined for winter and summer sampling campaigns, respectively. The PB product stream amounted to 5.7 wt% (ww, winter) and 4.8 wt% (ww, summer). Around 45 wt% (ww) of PB from the PB product stream was classified as misplaced by the consumer and should have been discarded in separate paper collections. Based on the determined PB quantities and qualities, a potential of usable and in the PB product stream available PB in LWP was determined. The technically available and usable PB potential in German LWP waste amounts to 89,000 to 100,000tons per year (average PB yield of around 65 wt% (ww)). The methodical approach can be adapted for sorting plant balances. The results can contribute to developing an adapted recycling process for PB from LWP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Historical evolution of olive oil production processes focusing on the role of water, the contribution of energy sources, and the by-product management: The case-study of Crete, Greece. 橄榄油生产过程的历史演变,重点关注水的作用、能源的贡献以及副产品的管理:希腊克里特岛案例研究。
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175861
Iosif E Kapellakis, Konstantinos P Tsagarakis

There are numerous studies dealing with olive oil management from ancient civilizations to the mid last century, but they are limited on the historical value of information. At the same time, much knowledge is widely available and accessible on the contemporaneous production of olive oil, the necessary inputs (water and energy) and outputs (by-products) of the production process. The present study aims to shed light on olive oil extraction management from antiquity to present and to bridge the gap between archaeological and modern agricultural, engineering, and environmental disciplines. For the purposes of this study, Crete, Greece, a well-known and traditional olive oil producing region is investigated. This study is dedicated to unveil practices concerning: (a) the processing of the olives, (b) the various energy aspects per era, (c) the role of water and energy at each stage of the extraction process, and (d) management of by-products per era. The main findings support that: (a) the evolution of the extraction processes was relatively slow and remained almost the same from Minoan times until the middle of the 20th century, (b) the importance of water has been demonstrated from the beginning in the efficient extraction of the maximum amount of olive oil, (c) wastewater was first reported during the Hellenistic-Roman period due to the increased quantities produced, (d) by-product management was only considered in the previous century for environmental purposes, (e) olive oil production has been a human-based process for centuries and was greatly increased by the introduction of animals, and (f) olive oil production was further increased with the utilization of mechanical and electrical energy. It can be therefore clearly concluded that past practices have both similarities and differences with the present ones, which in turn have been optimized in terms of energy sources, water uses, olive mill equipment, and environmental considerations, to result in maximum olive oil production with minimum environmental impacts. Based on this work, important lessons can be drawn that show the historical evolution of extraction and management practices.

从古代文明到上世纪中叶,关于橄榄油管理的研究不胜枚举,但这些研究的历史价值有限。与此同时,关于当代橄榄油的生产、生产过程中必要的投入(水和能源)和产出(副产品),有许多知识是可以广泛获得和利用的。本研究旨在阐明从古至今的橄榄油榨取管理,并弥合考古与现代农业、工程和环境学科之间的差距。本研究对希腊克里特岛这一著名的传统橄榄油产区进行了调查。这项研究致力于揭示以下方面的实践:(a) 橄榄的加工,(b) 每个时代的各种能源,(c) 水和能源在榨油过程每个阶段的作用,以及 (d) 每个时代的副产品管理。主要研究结果表明(a) 榨油工艺的演变相对缓慢,从米诺斯时代到 20 世纪中叶几乎没有变化,(b) 水的重要性从一开始就得到了证明,它能有效地榨取最大数量的橄榄油,(c) 由于产量的增加,废水最早出现在希腊-罗马时期、(d) 副产品管理只是在上个世纪出于环保目的才被考虑,(e) 几个世纪以来,橄榄油生产一直是以人类为基础的过程,由于引进了动物而大大增加,(f) 随着机械和电力能源的利用,橄榄油产量进一步增加。因此,可以清楚地得出结论,过去的做法与现在的做法既有相似之处,也有不同之处,而现在的做法又在能源、用水、橄榄油磨坊设备和环境因素等方面进行了优化,从而以最小的环境影响获得最大的橄榄油产量。在这项工作的基础上,我们可以总结出重要的经验教训,显示出开采和管理方法的历史演变。
{"title":"Historical evolution of olive oil production processes focusing on the role of water, the contribution of energy sources, and the by-product management: The case-study of Crete, Greece.","authors":"Iosif E Kapellakis, Konstantinos P Tsagarakis","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are numerous studies dealing with olive oil management from ancient civilizations to the mid last century, but they are limited on the historical value of information. At the same time, much knowledge is widely available and accessible on the contemporaneous production of olive oil, the necessary inputs (water and energy) and outputs (by-products) of the production process. The present study aims to shed light on olive oil extraction management from antiquity to present and to bridge the gap between archaeological and modern agricultural, engineering, and environmental disciplines. For the purposes of this study, Crete, Greece, a well-known and traditional olive oil producing region is investigated. This study is dedicated to unveil practices concerning: (a) the processing of the olives, (b) the various energy aspects per era, (c) the role of water and energy at each stage of the extraction process, and (d) management of by-products per era. The main findings support that: (a) the evolution of the extraction processes was relatively slow and remained almost the same from Minoan times until the middle of the 20th century, (b) the importance of water has been demonstrated from the beginning in the efficient extraction of the maximum amount of olive oil, (c) wastewater was first reported during the Hellenistic-Roman period due to the increased quantities produced, (d) by-product management was only considered in the previous century for environmental purposes, (e) olive oil production has been a human-based process for centuries and was greatly increased by the introduction of animals, and (f) olive oil production was further increased with the utilization of mechanical and electrical energy. It can be therefore clearly concluded that past practices have both similarities and differences with the present ones, which in turn have been optimized in terms of energy sources, water uses, olive mill equipment, and environmental considerations, to result in maximum olive oil production with minimum environmental impacts. Based on this work, important lessons can be drawn that show the historical evolution of extraction and management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surprising minimisation of CO2 emissions from a sandy loam soil over a rye growing period achieved by liming (CaCO3). 在黑麦生长期间,通过施用石灰(CaCO3),沙质壤土的二氧化碳排放量竟然降到了最低。
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175973
Camille Rousset, Henri Bréfort, Rafael Frederico Fonseca, Guillaume Guyerdet, Florian Bizouard, Mustapha Arkoun, Catherine Hénault

Agricultural liming improves acidic soils productivity and is considered a lever for mitigating nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils. However, the benefit of liming in reducing soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions depends on the evolution of carbon from the calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and on the evolution of soil organic carbon (SOC) after CaCO3 application. The literature, based on limited field data, presents contrasting effects of liming on inorganic- and SOC-derived CO2 emissions, raising concerns that the reduction in N2O emissions could be offset by increased CO2 emissions. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor N2O and CO2 emissions following the application of lime materials to an acidic soil. In situ, we monitored the effect of two liming products (SC = synthetic CaCO3 and MC = marine CaCO3) on soil CO2 emissions and compared this with control plots, during the growing season of a winter rye, using the static chamber method. Soil pH, N2O emissions, mineral nitrogen concentrations, soil moisture and temperature were measured during the experiment, as were plant biomass and SOC (stock and composition) on the day of harvest. Lime addition increased soil pH from 5.7 to around 7.0, kernel yield from 320 to >400 g m-2 and resulted in a significant reduction in soil CO2 emissions by approximately 40 % for both liming materials while it slightly increased N2O emissions, that had nevertheless remained very low during the experiment. SOC at harvest was not significantly affected, while an increase in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon in the soil was observed. Further investigations is needed to clarify the mechanisms explaining these observations and to define conditions where liming application could act as a potential lever for carbon storage. Our results suggest that the IPCC principles, predicting increased CO2 emissions from lime-derived C, may need to be re-examined in the future.

农业施用石灰可提高酸性土壤的生产力,被认为是减少土壤一氧化二氮(N2O)排放的杠杆。然而,施用石灰水对减少土壤温室气体(GHG)排放的益处取决于碳酸钙(CaCO3)中碳的演变以及施用 CaCO3 后土壤有机碳(SOC)的演变。基于有限的实地数据,文献显示了施用石灰对无机物和 SOC 衍生的 CO2 排放量的不同影响,从而引发了人们的担忧:N2O 排放量的减少可能会被 CO2 排放量的增加所抵消。因此,本研究旨在监测酸性土壤施用石灰材料后的一氧化二氮和二氧化碳排放量。在一种冬季黑麦的生长季节,我们采用静态室法现场监测了两种石灰产品(SC = 合成 CaCO3 和 MC = 海洋 CaCO3)对土壤二氧化碳排放的影响,并与对照地块进行了比较。实验期间测量了土壤 pH 值、N2O 排放量、矿物氮浓度、土壤湿度和温度,收获当天还测量了植物生物量和 SOC(存量和组成)。添加石灰后,土壤 pH 值从 5.7 提高到 7.0 左右,果仁产量从 320 克/平方米提高到 400 克/平方米以上,两种石灰材料的土壤二氧化碳排放量都显著减少了约 40%,而一氧化二氮排放量则略有增加,但在试验期间仍然很低。收获时的 SOC 没有受到明显影响,但观察到土壤中溶解的有机碳和无机碳有所增加。需要进行进一步的研究,以阐明这些观察结果的解释机制,并确定在哪些条件下施用石灰可以作为碳储存的潜在杠杆。我们的研究结果表明,未来可能需要重新审查 IPCC 原则,该原则预测石灰产生的碳会增加二氧化碳排放量。
{"title":"Surprising minimisation of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from a sandy loam soil over a rye growing period achieved by liming (CaCO<sub>3</sub>).","authors":"Camille Rousset, Henri Bréfort, Rafael Frederico Fonseca, Guillaume Guyerdet, Florian Bizouard, Mustapha Arkoun, Catherine Hénault","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural liming improves acidic soils productivity and is considered a lever for mitigating nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions from soils. However, the benefit of liming in reducing soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions depends on the evolution of carbon from the calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), and on the evolution of soil organic carbon (SOC) after CaCO<sub>3</sub> application. The literature, based on limited field data, presents contrasting effects of liming on inorganic- and SOC-derived CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, raising concerns that the reduction in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions could be offset by increased CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor N<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions following the application of lime materials to an acidic soil. In situ, we monitored the effect of two liming products (SC = synthetic CaCO<sub>3</sub> and MC = marine CaCO<sub>3</sub>) on soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and compared this with control plots, during the growing season of a winter rye, using the static chamber method. Soil pH, N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, mineral nitrogen concentrations, soil moisture and temperature were measured during the experiment, as were plant biomass and SOC (stock and composition) on the day of harvest. Lime addition increased soil pH from 5.7 to around 7.0, kernel yield from 320 to >400 g m<sup>-2</sup> and resulted in a significant reduction in soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by approximately 40 % for both liming materials while it slightly increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, that had nevertheless remained very low during the experiment. SOC at harvest was not significantly affected, while an increase in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon in the soil was observed. Further investigations is needed to clarify the mechanisms explaining these observations and to define conditions where liming application could act as a potential lever for carbon storage. Our results suggest that the IPCC principles, predicting increased CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from lime-derived C, may need to be re-examined in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An unconventional approach to evaluating the environmental role of a productive system: An environmental assessment of beef farms in North-West Italy. 以非常规方法评估生产系统的环境作用:意大利西北部牛肉农场环境评估。
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176100
Davide Biagini, Marco Betta
<p><p>The environmental impact of livestock is often evaluated separately from the other agricultural activities involved in an integrated system, such as that of the rearing of Piemontese cattle in the area of origin of the breed. The most frequently used assessment methods (e.g. Footprint approaches or a Life Cycle Assessment) are in fact often used, through a product-based approach, to analyse a single productive process, but such methods do not consider the production of agro-ecological services, and they neglect the interactions that characterise complex systems. Moreover, such methods often only consider the negative aspects of the environmental impact and misrepresent less intensive agriculture practices. However the current gaps in knowledge about the carbon sequestration of agricultural ecosystems, which are complex and integrated systems, require further investigation and other types of analysis tools. A carbon (C) balance of 1223 Piemontese breed beef farms, located in North-West Italy, has been calculated to evaluate whether such a method could be applied to overcome the aforementioned limitations, to evaluate whether it could be used to describe a complex and integrated system, to highlight the relationships that exist between rearing and agricultural activities and to characterise their environmental roles. Conducting a mass balance involves considering the input and output material flows and their accumulation within a system. Thus, the data necessary to quantify the C input, output and internal fluxes of a system at the farm gate, pertaining to the vegetable and animal production processes (productive factors, crop yields, animal performances, productions and sales, reuses), were collected from official documentation, and were then completed and verified through site visits. The mass balance of the system was transformed into C fluxes using stoichiometric coefficients. The fluxes evaluated for the balance were then used to estimate the changes in the C stocks to highlight not only the C emissions or losses from the system, but also their contributions towards reducing environmental hazards. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the uncertainty and the robustness of the obtained results. The net C exchange from plants was the flux that contributed the most, amounting to 94.3 % of the inputs, and this was followed by soil losses and animal gases released through respiration and enteric fermentation, which amounted to 42.8 and 36.2 % of the outputs, respectively. The C stored and released by the considered system was calculated considering the C fluxes. Plant, animal and soil storage sites were included in the system, whereas the air site was left out. A constant C content was assumed for the soil. The productive activities of the selected group of beef farms in the Consortium were calculated to remove 96.1 10<sup>3</sup> t of C from the atmosphere (air site) over a period of one year, and that this amount of C was trans
畜牧业对环境的影响往往与综合系统中涉及的其他农业活动分开评估,例如在皮埃蒙特牛的原产地饲养畜牧业对环境的影响。事实上,最常用的评估方法(如足迹法或生命周期评估)往往是通过基于产品的方法来分析单一的生产过程,但这些方法并不考虑农业生态服务的生产,也忽视了复杂系统所特有的相互作用。此外,这些方法往往只考虑环境影响的消极方面,错误地反映了集约程度较低的农业实践。然而,农业生态系统是复杂的综合系统,目前对农业生态系统碳固存的认识还存在差距,需要进一步调查并采用其他类型的分析工具。我们对位于意大利西北部的 1223 个皮埃蒙特肉牛养殖场进行了碳(C)平衡计算,以评估这种方法是否可用于克服上述局限性,评估这种方法是否可用于描述复杂的综合系统,强调饲养和农业活动之间存在的关系,并描述其环境作用。进行质量平衡需要考虑输入和输出物质流及其在系统中的积累。因此,从官方文件中收集了必要的数据,以量化系统在农场入口处与蔬菜和动物生产过程(生产要素、作物产量、动物表现、生产和销售、再利用)有关的碳输入、输出和内部通量,然后通过实地考察完成并验证了这些数据。利用化学计量系数将系统的质量平衡转化为碳通量。然后,利用对平衡进行评估后得出的通量来估算碳储量的变化,以突出系统中的碳排放或损失,以及它们对减少环境危害的贡献。为评估所得结果的不确定性和稳健性,还进行了敏感性分析。植物的净碳交换量是贡献最大的通量,占输入量的 94.3%,其次是土壤流失以及动物通过呼吸和肠道发酵释放的气体,分别占输出量的 42.8% 和 36.2%。考虑到碳通量,计算了所考虑的系统储存和释放的碳。系统中包括植物、动物和土壤储存点,而不包括空气储存点。假设土壤中的碳含量不变。根据计算,联合体中选定的一组肉牛养殖场的生产活动在一年内从大气(空气)中清除了 96.1 103 吨的碳,这些碳被转移到植物生长和农产品(植物)中,并增加了动物的活重(动物)。一年内储存的碳向农业区和林地以及屠宰动物的活重的转移率分别为 1.18 吨/公顷和 2.24 吨/吨活重。敏感性分析表明,即使在最坏的情况下,碳平衡也始终为正。这项研究表明,如果将所研究的牛肉生产系统作为一个综合复杂的系统进行分析,它可以被视为一个重要的碳汇,因此有必要重新考虑牲畜,尤其是反刍动物在全球温室效应中所扮演的角色。
{"title":"An unconventional approach to evaluating the environmental role of a productive system: An environmental assessment of beef farms in North-West Italy.","authors":"Davide Biagini, Marco Betta","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176100","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The environmental impact of livestock is often evaluated separately from the other agricultural activities involved in an integrated system, such as that of the rearing of Piemontese cattle in the area of origin of the breed. The most frequently used assessment methods (e.g. Footprint approaches or a Life Cycle Assessment) are in fact often used, through a product-based approach, to analyse a single productive process, but such methods do not consider the production of agro-ecological services, and they neglect the interactions that characterise complex systems. Moreover, such methods often only consider the negative aspects of the environmental impact and misrepresent less intensive agriculture practices. However the current gaps in knowledge about the carbon sequestration of agricultural ecosystems, which are complex and integrated systems, require further investigation and other types of analysis tools. A carbon (C) balance of 1223 Piemontese breed beef farms, located in North-West Italy, has been calculated to evaluate whether such a method could be applied to overcome the aforementioned limitations, to evaluate whether it could be used to describe a complex and integrated system, to highlight the relationships that exist between rearing and agricultural activities and to characterise their environmental roles. Conducting a mass balance involves considering the input and output material flows and their accumulation within a system. Thus, the data necessary to quantify the C input, output and internal fluxes of a system at the farm gate, pertaining to the vegetable and animal production processes (productive factors, crop yields, animal performances, productions and sales, reuses), were collected from official documentation, and were then completed and verified through site visits. The mass balance of the system was transformed into C fluxes using stoichiometric coefficients. The fluxes evaluated for the balance were then used to estimate the changes in the C stocks to highlight not only the C emissions or losses from the system, but also their contributions towards reducing environmental hazards. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the uncertainty and the robustness of the obtained results. The net C exchange from plants was the flux that contributed the most, amounting to 94.3 % of the inputs, and this was followed by soil losses and animal gases released through respiration and enteric fermentation, which amounted to 42.8 and 36.2 % of the outputs, respectively. The C stored and released by the considered system was calculated considering the C fluxes. Plant, animal and soil storage sites were included in the system, whereas the air site was left out. A constant C content was assumed for the soil. The productive activities of the selected group of beef farms in the Consortium were calculated to remove 96.1 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; t of C from the atmosphere (air site) over a period of one year, and that this amount of C was trans","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Associations between co-exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and metabolic diseases: The mediating roles of inflammation and oxidative stress. 共同暴露于全氟和多氟烷基物质与代谢性疾病之间的关系:炎症和氧化应激的中介作用。
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176187
Zuhai Chen, Wanting Wei, Yunhua Hu, Qiang Niu, Yizhong Yan

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose potential risks to human health. In real-world settings, humans are exposed to various PFAS through numerous pathways.

Objectives: This study evaluated the associations between co-exposure to PFAS and obesity and its comorbidities, along with the mediating roles of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Methods: We analyzed 11,090 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2018. Linear regression, logistic regression, and generalized additive models were used to assess the individual effects of PFAS exposure on obesity and its comorbidities. The environmental risk score (ERS) was calculated using the adaptive elastic-net model to assess the co-exposure effects. Linear and logistic regression models explored the associations between ERS and obesity and its comorbidities. Mediation analyses explored the roles of inflammatory (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and alkaline phosphatase) and oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and uric acid) markers in the associations between ERS and obesity and its comorbidities.

Results: For each unit increase in ERS, the odds of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increased 3.60-fold (95 % CI: 2.03, 6.38) and 1.91-fold (95 % CI: 1.28, 2.86), respectively. For each unit increase in ERS, BMI increased by 2.36 (95 % CI: 1.24, 3.48) kg/m2, waist circumference increased by 6.47 (95 % CI: 3.56, 9.37) cm, and waist-to-height ratio increased by 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.06). Lymphocytes, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin were significantly associated with both ERS and obesity, with mediation proportions of 4.17 %, 3.62 %, and 7.37 %, respectively. Lymphocytes, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and uric acid were significantly associated with both ERS and T2DM, with the mediation proportions of 8.90 %, 8.74 %, 29.73 %, and 38.19 %, respectively.

Conclusions: Co-exposure to PFAS was associated with obesity and T2DM, and these associations may be mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Further mechanistic and prospective studies are required to verify these associations.

背景:全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)对人类健康构成潜在风险。在现实世界中,人类通过多种途径接触到各种 PFAS:本研究评估了共同暴露于 PFAS 与肥胖及其合并症之间的关联,以及炎症和氧化应激的中介作用:我们分析了 2003-2018 年美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)的 11,090 名参与者。我们采用线性回归、逻辑回归和广义相加模型来评估PFAS暴露对肥胖及其合并症的个体影响。采用自适应弹性网模型计算环境风险评分(ERS),以评估共同暴露效应。线性回归和逻辑回归模型探讨了ERS与肥胖症及其合并症之间的关联。中介分析探讨了炎症指标(中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和碱性磷酸酶)和氧化应激指标(γ-谷氨酰转移酶、总胆红素和尿酸)在 ERS 与肥胖及其合并症之间关系中的作用:ERS每增加一个单位,肥胖和 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)的几率分别增加 3.60 倍(95 % CI:2.03, 6.38)和 1.91 倍(95 % CI:1.28, 2.86)。ERS 每增加一个单位,体重指数(BMI)增加 2.36(95 % CI:1.24,3.48)千克/平方米,腰围增加 6.47(95 % CI:3.56,9.37)厘米,腰高比增加 0.04(95 % CI:0.02,0.06)。淋巴细胞、碱性磷酸酶和总胆红素与 ERS 和肥胖均有显著相关性,中介比例分别为 4.17%、3.62% 和 7.37%。淋巴细胞、碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素和尿酸与 ERS 和 T2DM 均有显著相关性,中介比例分别为 8.90 %、8.74 %、29.73 % 和 38.19 %:共同暴露于全氟辛烷磺酸与肥胖和 T2DM 有关,这些关联可能是由炎症和氧化应激介导的。需要进一步的机理研究和前瞻性研究来验证这些关联。
{"title":"Associations between co-exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and metabolic diseases: The mediating roles of inflammation and oxidative stress.","authors":"Zuhai Chen, Wanting Wei, Yunhua Hu, Qiang Niu, Yizhong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose potential risks to human health. In real-world settings, humans are exposed to various PFAS through numerous pathways.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the associations between co-exposure to PFAS and obesity and its comorbidities, along with the mediating roles of inflammation and oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 11,090 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2018. Linear regression, logistic regression, and generalized additive models were used to assess the individual effects of PFAS exposure on obesity and its comorbidities. The environmental risk score (ERS) was calculated using the adaptive elastic-net model to assess the co-exposure effects. Linear and logistic regression models explored the associations between ERS and obesity and its comorbidities. Mediation analyses explored the roles of inflammatory (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and alkaline phosphatase) and oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and uric acid) markers in the associations between ERS and obesity and its comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For each unit increase in ERS, the odds of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increased 3.60-fold (95 % CI: 2.03, 6.38) and 1.91-fold (95 % CI: 1.28, 2.86), respectively. For each unit increase in ERS, BMI increased by 2.36 (95 % CI: 1.24, 3.48) kg/m<sup>2</sup>, waist circumference increased by 6.47 (95 % CI: 3.56, 9.37) cm, and waist-to-height ratio increased by 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.06). Lymphocytes, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin were significantly associated with both ERS and obesity, with mediation proportions of 4.17 %, 3.62 %, and 7.37 %, respectively. Lymphocytes, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and uric acid were significantly associated with both ERS and T2DM, with the mediation proportions of 8.90 %, 8.74 %, 29.73 %, and 38.19 %, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-exposure to PFAS was associated with obesity and T2DM, and these associations may be mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Further mechanistic and prospective studies are required to verify these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bimetallic FeCu-MOF derivatives as heterogeneous catalysts with enhanced stability for electro-Fenton degradation of lisinopril. 作为异相催化剂的双金属 FeCu-MOF 衍生物在电-芬顿降解利辛普利时具有更高的稳定性。
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176110
Lele Zhao, María F Murrieta, José A Padilla, Sonia Lanzalaco, Pere L Cabot, Ignasi Sirés

A bimetallic FeCu/NC core-shell catalyst, consisting in nanoparticles where zero-valent Fe and Cu atoms, slightly oxidized on their surface, are encapsulated by carbon has been successfully prepared by modifying the synthesis route of MIL(Fe)-88B. FeCu/NC possessed well-balanced textural and electrochemical properties. According to voltammetric responses, in-situ Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) by low-valent Cu was feasible, whereas the high double-layer capacitance confirmed the presence of a great number of electroactive sites that was essential for continuous H2O2 activation to OH via Fenton's reaction. Electrochemical impedance and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis informed about the strong leaching resistance of FeCu/NC. To validate the promising features of this catalyst, the advanced oxidation of the antihypertensive lisinopril (LSN) was investigated for the first time. The heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) treatment of 16.1 mg L-1 LSN solutions was carried out in a DSA/air-diffusion cell. At pH 3, complete degradation was achieved within 6 min using only 0.05 g L-1 FeCu/NC; at near-neutral pH, 100 % removal was also feasible even in actual urban wastewater, requiring 60-75 min. The FeCu/NC catalyst demonstrated high stability, still maintaining 86.5 % of degradation efficiency after 5 cycles and undergoing low iron leaching. It outperformed the monometallic (Fe/NC and Cu/NC) catalysts, which is explained by the Cu(0)/Cu(I)-catalyzed Fe(II) regeneration mechanism that maintains the Fenton's cycle. LC-MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of two main primary LSN by-products. It can then be concluded that the FeCu/NC-based HEF process merits to be further scaled up for wastewater treatment.

通过修改 MIL(Fe)-88B 的合成路线,成功制备出了一种双金属铁铜/数核芯壳催化剂,这种催化剂由纳米颗粒组成,颗粒表面的零价铁原子和铜原子被轻微氧化,并被碳包裹。FeCu/NC具有良好的质构和电化学性能。根据伏安反应,低价 Cu 可以将 Fe(III) 原位还原为 Fe(II),而高双层电容则证实了大量电活性位点的存在,这对于通过 Fenton 反应将 H2O2 持续活化为 -OH 至关重要。电化学阻抗和弛豫时间分布(DRT)分析表明,FeCu/NC 具有很强的抗浸出性。为了验证这种催化剂的良好性能,我们首次研究了抗高血压药物赖欣普利(LSN)的高级氧化。在 DSA/空气扩散池中对 16.1 mg L-1 的 LSN 溶液进行了异相电-芬顿(HEF)处理。在 pH 值为 3 的条件下,仅使用 0.05 g L-1 的 FeCu/NC 就能在 6 分钟内实现完全降解;在接近中性 pH 值的条件下,即使在实际的城市污水中也能实现 100%的去除,但需要 60-75 分钟。FeCu/NC 催化剂具有很高的稳定性,经过 5 次循环后仍能保持 86.5% 的降解效率,而且铁的浸出率很低。它的性能优于单金属(Fe/NC 和 Cu/NC)催化剂,这是因为 Cu(0)/Cu(I)催化的 Fe(II) 再生机制维持了芬顿循环。通过 LC-MS/MS 分析,可以确定两种主要的 LSN 副产物。由此可以得出结论,基于 FeCu/NC 的 HEF 工艺值得进一步放大用于废水处理。
{"title":"Bimetallic FeCu-MOF derivatives as heterogeneous catalysts with enhanced stability for electro-Fenton degradation of lisinopril.","authors":"Lele Zhao, María F Murrieta, José A Padilla, Sonia Lanzalaco, Pere L Cabot, Ignasi Sirés","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A bimetallic FeCu/NC core-shell catalyst, consisting in nanoparticles where zero-valent Fe and Cu atoms, slightly oxidized on their surface, are encapsulated by carbon has been successfully prepared by modifying the synthesis route of MIL(Fe)-88B. FeCu/NC possessed well-balanced textural and electrochemical properties. According to voltammetric responses, in-situ Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II) by low-valent Cu was feasible, whereas the high double-layer capacitance confirmed the presence of a great number of electroactive sites that was essential for continuous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation to <sup>•</sup>OH via Fenton's reaction. Electrochemical impedance and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis informed about the strong leaching resistance of FeCu/NC. To validate the promising features of this catalyst, the advanced oxidation of the antihypertensive lisinopril (LSN) was investigated for the first time. The heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) treatment of 16.1 mg L<sup>-1</sup> LSN solutions was carried out in a DSA/air-diffusion cell. At pH 3, complete degradation was achieved within 6 min using only 0.05 g L<sup>-1</sup> FeCu/NC; at near-neutral pH, 100 % removal was also feasible even in actual urban wastewater, requiring 60-75 min. The FeCu/NC catalyst demonstrated high stability, still maintaining 86.5 % of degradation efficiency after 5 cycles and undergoing low iron leaching. It outperformed the monometallic (Fe/NC and Cu/NC) catalysts, which is explained by the Cu(0)/Cu(I)-catalyzed Fe(II) regeneration mechanism that maintains the Fenton's cycle. LC-MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of two main primary LSN by-products. It can then be concluded that the FeCu/NC-based HEF process merits to be further scaled up for wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors controlling the water quality of rock glacier springs in European and American mountain ranges. 控制欧洲和美洲山脉岩石冰川泉水水质的因素。
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175706
Stefano Brighenti, Nicola Colombo, Thomas Wagner, Michael Pettauer, Nicolas Guyennon, Karl Krainer, Monica Tolotti, Michela Rogora, Luca Paro, Sandra M Steingruber, Chantal Del Siro, Cristian Scapozza, Noelia R Sileo, Cristian D Villarroel, Masaki Hayashi, Jeffrey Munroe, Dario Trombotto Liaudat, Leonardo Cerasino, Werner Tirler, Francesco Comiti, Michele Freppaz, Franco Salerno, M Iggy Litaor, Edoardo Cremonese, Umberto Morra di Cella, Gerfried Winkler

Rock glaciers (RGs) provide significant water resources in mountain areas under climate change. Recent research has highlighted high concentrations of solutes including trace elements in RG-fed waters, with negative implications on water quality. Yet, sparse studies from a few locations hinder conclusions about the main drivers of solute export from RGs. Here, in an unprecedented effort, we collected published and unpublished data on rock glacier hydrochemistry around the globe. We considered 201 RG springs from mountain ranges across Europe, North and South America, using a combination of machine learning, multivariate and univariate analyses, and geochemical modeling. We found that 35 % of springs issuing from intact RGs (containing internal ice) have water quality below drinking water standards, compared to 5 % of springs connected to relict RGs (without internal ice). The interaction of ice and bedrock lithology is responsible for solute concentrations in RG springs. Indeed, we found higher concentrations of sulfate and trace elements in springs sourcing from intact RGs compared to water originating from relict RGs, mostly in specific lithological settings. Enhanced sulfide oxidation in intact RGs is responsible for the elevated trace element concentrations. Challenges for water management may arise in mountain catchments rich in intact RGs, and where the predisposing geology would make these areas geochemical RG hotspots. Our work represents a first comprehensive attempt to identify the main drivers of solute concentrations in RG waters.

在气候变化的情况下,岩石冰川(RG)为山区提供了重要的水资源。最近的研究突出表明,冰川融水中的溶质(包括微量元素)浓度很高,对水质产生了负面影响。然而,对少数几个地点进行的稀少研究阻碍了对 RG 溶质输出的主要驱动因素得出结论。在此,我们史无前例地收集了全球已发表和未发表的岩冰川水化学数据。我们采用机器学习、多变量和单变量分析以及地球化学建模相结合的方法,研究了欧洲、北美洲和南美洲山脉中的 201 个岩冰川泉水。我们发现,从完整的区域地质构造(含有内部冰层)中涌出的泉水有 35% 的水质低于饮用水标准,而与之相连的遗迹区域地质构造(不含内部冰层)中的泉水只有 5%。冰与基岩岩性的相互作用是造成区域地质构造泉水中溶质浓度的原因。事实上,我们发现,与源自残余地下水源的泉水相比,源自完整地下水源的泉水中硫酸盐和微量元素的浓度更高,主要是在特定的岩性环境中。完整区域地质中硫化物氧化作用的增强是微量元素浓度升高的原因。在富含完整地下水层的山区集水区,水管理可能会面临挑战,因为这些地区的地质条件会使其成为地下水层地球化学热点。我们的工作是首次全面尝试确定 RG 水体中溶质浓度的主要驱动因素。
{"title":"Factors controlling the water quality of rock glacier springs in European and American mountain ranges.","authors":"Stefano Brighenti, Nicola Colombo, Thomas Wagner, Michael Pettauer, Nicolas Guyennon, Karl Krainer, Monica Tolotti, Michela Rogora, Luca Paro, Sandra M Steingruber, Chantal Del Siro, Cristian Scapozza, Noelia R Sileo, Cristian D Villarroel, Masaki Hayashi, Jeffrey Munroe, Dario Trombotto Liaudat, Leonardo Cerasino, Werner Tirler, Francesco Comiti, Michele Freppaz, Franco Salerno, M Iggy Litaor, Edoardo Cremonese, Umberto Morra di Cella, Gerfried Winkler","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rock glaciers (RGs) provide significant water resources in mountain areas under climate change. Recent research has highlighted high concentrations of solutes including trace elements in RG-fed waters, with negative implications on water quality. Yet, sparse studies from a few locations hinder conclusions about the main drivers of solute export from RGs. Here, in an unprecedented effort, we collected published and unpublished data on rock glacier hydrochemistry around the globe. We considered 201 RG springs from mountain ranges across Europe, North and South America, using a combination of machine learning, multivariate and univariate analyses, and geochemical modeling. We found that 35 % of springs issuing from intact RGs (containing internal ice) have water quality below drinking water standards, compared to 5 % of springs connected to relict RGs (without internal ice). The interaction of ice and bedrock lithology is responsible for solute concentrations in RG springs. Indeed, we found higher concentrations of sulfate and trace elements in springs sourcing from intact RGs compared to water originating from relict RGs, mostly in specific lithological settings. Enhanced sulfide oxidation in intact RGs is responsible for the elevated trace element concentrations. Challenges for water management may arise in mountain catchments rich in intact RGs, and where the predisposing geology would make these areas geochemical RG hotspots. Our work represents a first comprehensive attempt to identify the main drivers of solute concentrations in RG waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An estimation of future county-level cement production and associated air pollutant emissions in China through artificial neural networks. 通过人工神经网络估算中国未来县级水泥产量及相关大气污染物排放。
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176036
Jiayu Xu, Jinya Yang, Jiaxin Dong, Siwei Li, Jia Xing, Yu Zhao

Cement production and its air pollutant and carbon dioxides (CO2) emissions in China will be relocated greatly as a joint effect of diverse development of industrial economy and implementation of environmental policies for different regions. The future pathway and spatial pattern of emissions are important for policy making of air quality improvement and CO2 emission abatement, as well as coordinating regional development. In this study, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict cement production at the county level and to calculate the associated emissions of air pollutants and CO2 at the county level till 2060. Results show that the cement production will decline from 2327 million metric tons (Mt) in 2015 to 704 Mt. in 2060 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1 (SSP1). Counties closer to provincial capital will experience greater retirement of cement industry. Likewise, the emissions of air pollutants and CO2 will experience a steady downward trend driven by the declining cement production and the improvement of pollution control technologies. There will be a more significant regional heterogeneity in the reduction of production and emissions at city level compared to the province level. With the clearance for nearly two-thirds of counties, future cement production and emissions will be more intensively distributed in a few cities. The shares of emissions in southwestern regions will grow from 2015 to 2060 while those of eastern regions will continue decreasing. The comparison between the changing spatial distributions of emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) indicates a positive effect of existing policies in reconciling regional economic development and air pollution controls. The outcome could support the analyses on the impact of industrial development on air quality and public health, and the method can be applied widely for other industrial sectors for a more comprehensive understanding of future emission relocation.

在工业经济多元化发展和不同地区环境政策实施的共同作用下,中国的水泥生产及其大气污染物和二氧化碳(CO2)排放将发生巨大的迁移。未来的排放路径和空间格局对于制定空气质量改善和二氧化碳减排政策以及协调区域发展具有重要意义。在本研究中,我们建立了一个人工神经网络(ANN)模型来预测县一级的水泥产量,并计算直到 2060 年县一级的相关大气污染物和二氧化碳排放量。结果表明,在共享社会经济路径 1(SSP1)下,水泥产量将从 2015 年的 2.327 亿吨下降到 2060 年的 7.04 亿吨。离省会较近的县将会有更多的水泥行业退出。同样,由于水泥产量的下降和污染控制技术的改进,空气污染物和二氧化碳的排放量将呈稳步下降趋势。与省一级相比,市一级在减产减排方面的区域差异将更加明显。随着近三分之二的县被清理,未来水泥生产和排放将更集中地分布在少数城市。从 2015 年到 2060 年,西南地区的排放份额将增长,而东部地区的排放份额将继续下降。排放量和国内生产总值(GDP)空间分布变化的比较表明,现有政策在协调区域经济发展和空气污染控制方面具有积极作用。研究结果可为分析工业发展对空气质量和公众健康的影响提供支持,该方法还可广泛应用于其他工业部门,以更全面地了解未来的排放迁移情况。
{"title":"An estimation of future county-level cement production and associated air pollutant emissions in China through artificial neural networks.","authors":"Jiayu Xu, Jinya Yang, Jiaxin Dong, Siwei Li, Jia Xing, Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cement production and its air pollutant and carbon dioxides (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions in China will be relocated greatly as a joint effect of diverse development of industrial economy and implementation of environmental policies for different regions. The future pathway and spatial pattern of emissions are important for policy making of air quality improvement and CO<sub>2</sub> emission abatement, as well as coordinating regional development. In this study, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict cement production at the county level and to calculate the associated emissions of air pollutants and CO<sub>2</sub> at the county level till 2060. Results show that the cement production will decline from 2327 million metric tons (Mt) in 2015 to 704 Mt. in 2060 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1 (SSP1). Counties closer to provincial capital will experience greater retirement of cement industry. Likewise, the emissions of air pollutants and CO<sub>2</sub> will experience a steady downward trend driven by the declining cement production and the improvement of pollution control technologies. There will be a more significant regional heterogeneity in the reduction of production and emissions at city level compared to the province level. With the clearance for nearly two-thirds of counties, future cement production and emissions will be more intensively distributed in a few cities. The shares of emissions in southwestern regions will grow from 2015 to 2060 while those of eastern regions will continue decreasing. The comparison between the changing spatial distributions of emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) indicates a positive effect of existing policies in reconciling regional economic development and air pollution controls. The outcome could support the analyses on the impact of industrial development on air quality and public health, and the method can be applied widely for other industrial sectors for a more comprehensive understanding of future emission relocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Holocene precipitation variations in the northwestern half of the Chinese Loess Plateau: Pollen-based reconstructions. 中国黄土高原西北半部全新世降水变化:基于花粉的重建
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176249
Zijuan Yong, Zhaodong Feng

The northwestern half of the Chinese Loess Plateau (i.e., the examined area) is reported to have been sensitive to the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and might have also been exposed to the influence of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) during the Holocene. This study utilizes the already reported pollen data from four high-resolution fossil pollen sequences to quantitatively reconstruct the Holocene mean annual precipitation (Pann) in the examined area. It also incorporates those quantitative precipitation reconstructions from the same area reported by others to delineate the regional Pann patterns. It finally brings the regional Pann patterns into the perceived forcing contexts to explore the underlying mechanisms. Our delineation shows that the Holocene Pann exhibits different temporal trends between the western part and the northern part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. That is, the "higher-than-average" Pann occurred in the early mid-Holocene from ~10.0 to ~5.5 cal. kyr BP in the western part and the "higher-than-average" Pann occurred in the late mid-Holocene from ~8.0 to ~2.5 cal. kyr BP in the northern part. We propose that the Pann differences between the western part and the northern part might have been associated with two mechanisms: (1) differences in the thermal sensitivity to the solar insolation between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and (2) differences in terms of the relative importance of precipitable water vapor transports either from the ISM or from the EASM between the western part and the northern part.

据报道,中国黄土高原西北半部(即考察区)在全新世期间对东亚夏季季候风(EASM)十分敏感,也可能受到印度夏季季候风(ISM)的影响。本研究利用已报道的来自四个高分辨率化石花粉序列的花粉数据,定量重建了考察地区全新世平均年降水量(Pann)。该研究还结合了其他研究报告中对同一地区降水量的定量重建,以划分区域性的 Pann 模式。最后,它将区域 Pann 模式带入可感知的强迫背景中,以探索其背后的机制。我们的划分表明,中国黄土高原西部和北部的全新世 Pann 呈现出不同的时间趋势。也就是说,西部地区的 "高于平均水平 "的Pann发生在全新世中期早期的~10.0~~5.5 kyr BP,而北部地区的 "高于平均水平 "的Pann发生在全新世中期晚期的~8.0~~2.5 kyr BP。我们认为,西部和北部的潘恩差异可能与两个机制有关:(1)印度洋和太平洋对太阳日照的热敏感性不同;(2)西部和北部之间可降水水汽从 ISM 或 EASM 转移的相对重要性不同。
{"title":"Holocene precipitation variations in the northwestern half of the Chinese Loess Plateau: Pollen-based reconstructions.","authors":"Zijuan Yong, Zhaodong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The northwestern half of the Chinese Loess Plateau (i.e., the examined area) is reported to have been sensitive to the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and might have also been exposed to the influence of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) during the Holocene. This study utilizes the already reported pollen data from four high-resolution fossil pollen sequences to quantitatively reconstruct the Holocene mean annual precipitation (Pann) in the examined area. It also incorporates those quantitative precipitation reconstructions from the same area reported by others to delineate the regional Pann patterns. It finally brings the regional Pann patterns into the perceived forcing contexts to explore the underlying mechanisms. Our delineation shows that the Holocene Pann exhibits different temporal trends between the western part and the northern part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. That is, the \"higher-than-average\" Pann occurred in the early mid-Holocene from ~10.0 to ~5.5 cal. kyr BP in the western part and the \"higher-than-average\" Pann occurred in the late mid-Holocene from ~8.0 to ~2.5 cal. kyr BP in the northern part. We propose that the Pann differences between the western part and the northern part might have been associated with two mechanisms: (1) differences in the thermal sensitivity to the solar insolation between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and (2) differences in terms of the relative importance of precipitable water vapor transports either from the ISM or from the EASM between the western part and the northern part.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reporting population size in wastewater-based epidemiology: A scoping review. 在基于废水的流行病学中报告人口规模:范围审查。
IF 8.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176076
Mackay Price, Bradley S Simpson, Benjamin J Tscharke, Fahad Ahmed, Emma L Keller, Hannah Sussex, Melanie Kah, Katarzyna Sila-Nowicka, Andrew Chappell, Cobus Gerber, Sam Trowsdale

Knowledge of the number of people present in a catchment is fundamental for the assessment of spatio-temporal trends in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Accurately estimating the number of people connected to wastewater catchments is challenging however, because populations are dynamic. Methods used to estimate population size can significantly influence the calculation and interpretation of population-normalised wastewater data (PNWD). This paper systematically reviews the reporting of population data in 339 WBE studies. Studies were evaluated based on their reporting of population size, the source of population data, the population calculation methods, and the uncertainties in population estimates. Most papers reported population size (96 %) and the source of population data (60 %). Fewer studies reported the uncertainties in their population data (50 %) and the methods used to calculate these estimates (28 %). This is relevant because different methods have unique strengths and limitations which can affect the accuracy of PNWD. Only 64 studies (19 %) reported all four components of population data. The reporting of population data has remained consistent in the past decade. Based on the findings, we recommend generalised reporting criteria for population data in WBE. As WBE is further mainstreamed and applied, the clear and comprehensive reporting of population data will only become increasingly important.

了解集水区的人口数量对于评估基于废水的流行病学(WBE)的时空趋势至关重要。然而,由于人口是动态变化的,因此准确估算与废水集水区相连的人口数量具有挑战性。用于估算人口数量的方法会极大地影响人口归一化废水数据 (PNWD) 的计算和解释。本文系统回顾了 339 项世界水资源评估研究中对人口数据的报告。评估的依据包括对人口规模的报告、人口数据的来源、人口计算方法以及人口估计值的不确定性。大多数论文报告了人口数量(96%)和人口数据来源(60%)。较少的研究报告了人口数据的不确定性(50%)和计算这些估计值的方法(28%)。这一点很重要,因为不同的方法有其独特的优势和局限性,可能会影响预测人口出生率的准确性。只有 64 项研究(19%)报告了人口数据的所有四个组成部分。在过去十年中,人口数据的报告情况保持一致。根据研究结果,我们建议在世界教育局中采用通用的人口数据报告标准。随着世界教育大会的进一步主流化和应用,明确、全面地报告人口数据将变得越来越重要。
{"title":"Reporting population size in wastewater-based epidemiology: A scoping review.","authors":"Mackay Price, Bradley S Simpson, Benjamin J Tscharke, Fahad Ahmed, Emma L Keller, Hannah Sussex, Melanie Kah, Katarzyna Sila-Nowicka, Andrew Chappell, Cobus Gerber, Sam Trowsdale","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of the number of people present in a catchment is fundamental for the assessment of spatio-temporal trends in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Accurately estimating the number of people connected to wastewater catchments is challenging however, because populations are dynamic. Methods used to estimate population size can significantly influence the calculation and interpretation of population-normalised wastewater data (PNWD). This paper systematically reviews the reporting of population data in 339 WBE studies. Studies were evaluated based on their reporting of population size, the source of population data, the population calculation methods, and the uncertainties in population estimates. Most papers reported population size (96 %) and the source of population data (60 %). Fewer studies reported the uncertainties in their population data (50 %) and the methods used to calculate these estimates (28 %). This is relevant because different methods have unique strengths and limitations which can affect the accuracy of PNWD. Only 64 studies (19 %) reported all four components of population data. The reporting of population data has remained consistent in the past decade. Based on the findings, we recommend generalised reporting criteria for population data in WBE. As WBE is further mainstreamed and applied, the clear and comprehensive reporting of population data will only become increasingly important.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
全部 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Conserv. Lett. Ecol. Lett. Front. Ecol. Environ. Funct. Ecol. Global Change Biol. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. J. Ecol. Methods Ecol. Evol. Aquat. Toxicol. Atmos. Environ. Chemosphere CURR OPIN ENV SUST ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE Environ. Int. Environ. Model. Softw. Environ. Pollut. Environ. Res. Environ. Sci. Policy J. Cleaner Prod. J. Environ. Manage. J. Hazard. Mater. Sci. Total Environ. Water Res. Ambio B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX Chemoecology CURR POLLUT REP ENVIRON DEV SUSTAIN Environ. Chem. Lett. Environ. Earth Sci. ENVIRON MANAGE Environ. Monit. Assess. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Environ. Sci. Eur. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. J ENVIRON HEALTH SCI J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage. REV ENVIRON SCI BIO Aerosol Air Qual. Res. Aerosol Sci. Technol. Adv. Water Resour. AEROBIOLOGIA Afr. J. Ecol. Afr. J. Aquat. Sci. ANN LIMNOL-INT J LIM APPL ECOL ENV RES Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. AQUAT INVASIONS Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manage. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health Aquat. Ecol. ARCH ENVIRON PROT Appl. Water Sci. ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX Atmos. Pollut. Res. Austral Ecol. Basic Appl. Ecol. Biochar Behav. Ecol. Biodivers. Conserv. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY Biorem. J. BIOTROPICA Biol. Invasions Bird Conserv. Int. Chem. Ecol. Clean-Soil Air Water Clean Technol. Environ. Policy Clim. Change Communications Earth & Environment COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C Conserv. Genet. Resour. Conserv. Biol. CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC ECOSYSTEMS Ecol. Processes Ecol. Res. Ecol. Indic. ECOLOGY Ecol. Eng. ECOL RESTOR ECOTOXICOLOGY Ecol. Monogr. Energy Ecol Environ ENG SANIT AMBIENT Energy Environ. Environ. Eng. Manage. J. ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB ENVIRONMENT Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy Environ. Eng. Res. Environ. Prot. Eng. Environ. Chem. Environ. Technol. Innovation Environ. Educ. Res, Environ. Res. Lett. Environ. Geochem. Health
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1