Lipids are vital precursors to beef aroma compounds, but the exact lipid molecules influencing aroma generation remain unconfirmed. This study employs gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry and absolute quantitative lipidomics to identify beef's aroma and lipid profiles and to examine lipid alterations post-thermal processing. The aim is to understand the role of lipids in aroma generation during beef's raw-to-cooked transition. Eighteen key aroma compounds were identified as significant contributors to the aroma of beef. 265 lipid molecules were quantified accurately, and we found that triglycerides containing C18:1 or C18:2 chains, such as TG(16:0_18:1_18:1), TG(16:0_18:1_18:2), TG(16:0_16:1_18:1), as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine containing PC(16:1e_20:4), PC(16:0e_20:4), PC(18:2e_18:2), and PE(16:1e_20:4), played important roles in the generation of key aroma compounds in beef. C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:4 were key substrates for the formation of aroma compounds. In addition, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine containing unsaturated fatty acid chains may serve as important aroma retainers.
{"title":"Comprehensive foodomics analysis reveals key lipids affect aroma generation in beef.","authors":"Longzhu Zhou, Yimeng Ren, Yujie Shi, Shijie Fan, Liyuan Zhao, Miaomiao Dong, Jing Li, Youyou Yang, Yanan Yu, Qingyu Zhao, Junmin Zhang, Chaohua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipids are vital precursors to beef aroma compounds, but the exact lipid molecules influencing aroma generation remain unconfirmed. This study employs gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry and absolute quantitative lipidomics to identify beef's aroma and lipid profiles and to examine lipid alterations post-thermal processing. The aim is to understand the role of lipids in aroma generation during beef's raw-to-cooked transition. Eighteen key aroma compounds were identified as significant contributors to the aroma of beef. 265 lipid molecules were quantified accurately, and we found that triglycerides containing C18:1 or C18:2 chains, such as TG(16:0_18:1_18:1), TG(16:0_18:1_18:2), TG(16:0_16:1_18:1), as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine containing PC(16:1e_20:4), PC(16:0e_20:4), PC(18:2e_18:2), and PE(16:1e_20:4), played important roles in the generation of key aroma compounds in beef. C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:4 were key substrates for the formation of aroma compounds. In addition, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine containing unsaturated fatty acid chains may serve as important aroma retainers.</p>","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inhibitory properties and underlying mechanism of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) fumigation on the pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata (C. fimbriata) and resultant sweetpotato black rot were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results revealed that the ClO2 fumigation effectively inhibited fungal growth and induced obvious morphological variation of C. fimbriata mycelia. Furthermore, the mycelial membrane suffered damage, as evidenced by a significant increase in malondialdehyde content and the leakage of protein and nucleic acid from mycelia cells, accompanied by a marked decrease in ergosterol content. Additionally, ClO2 fumigation caused spores cell membrane damage, a notable decrease in spore viability, and induced cell apoptosis as indicated by reductions in spore germination rate, two fluorescence staining observations, and flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, the decay diameter of sweetpotato black rot lesions decreased significantly after ClO2 fumigation, and the growth of C. fimbriata was also inhibited. These findings present a novel and effective technology for inhibiting the progression of sweetpotato black rot.
{"title":"Biochemical mechanism of chlorine dioxide fumigation in inhibiting Ceratocystis fimbriata and black rot in postharvest sweetpotato.","authors":"Xinghua Lu, Shixin Yu, Bo Yu, Lijuan Chen, Yuwei Wang, Yiping Huang, Guoquan Lu, Jiyu Cheng, Yuge Guan, Liqing Yin, Mingyi Yang, Linjiang Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inhibitory properties and underlying mechanism of chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>) fumigation on the pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata (C. fimbriata) and resultant sweetpotato black rot were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results revealed that the ClO<sub>2</sub> fumigation effectively inhibited fungal growth and induced obvious morphological variation of C. fimbriata mycelia. Furthermore, the mycelial membrane suffered damage, as evidenced by a significant increase in malondialdehyde content and the leakage of protein and nucleic acid from mycelia cells, accompanied by a marked decrease in ergosterol content. Additionally, ClO<sub>2</sub> fumigation caused spores cell membrane damage, a notable decrease in spore viability, and induced cell apoptosis as indicated by reductions in spore germination rate, two fluorescence staining observations, and flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, the decay diameter of sweetpotato black rot lesions decreased significantly after ClO<sub>2</sub> fumigation, and the growth of C. fimbriata was also inhibited. These findings present a novel and effective technology for inhibiting the progression of sweetpotato black rot.</p>","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accumulation of small doses of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into food can cause many diseases in the human body, and it is urgent to develop efficient detection methods of H2O2. Herein, the hierarchical structure composite of NiCo-LDH nanosheets crosslinked NiMoO4 nanorods was grown in situ on carbon cloth (NiMoO4 NRs@NiCo-LDH NSs/CC) by micro-plasma assisted hydrothermal method. Thanks to the synergistic effect of three metals and (NiMoO4 NRs@NiCo-LDH NSs/CC) provided by nanorods/nanosheets hierarchical structure, NiMoO4 NRs@NiCo-LDH NSs/CC exposes more active sites and achieves rapid electron transfer. The H2O2 electrochemical sensor was constructed as the working electrode with a linear range of 1 μmol L-1 to 9.0 mmol L-1 and detection limit of 112 nmol L-1. In addition, the sensor has been successfully applied to the detection of H2O2 in food samples, the recovery rate is 95.2%-106.62%, RSD < 4.89%.
{"title":"Microplasma-assisted construction of cross-linked network hierarchical structure of NiMoO<sub>4</sub> nanorods @NiCo-LDH nanosheets for electrochemical sensing of non-enzymatic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in food.","authors":"Junchun Guo, Jiaying Wu, Li Xu, Xiangwei Yuan, Chao Tan, Qian Wang, Xiaoli Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accumulation of small doses of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) into food can cause many diseases in the human body, and it is urgent to develop efficient detection methods of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Herein, the hierarchical structure composite of NiCo-LDH nanosheets crosslinked NiMoO<sub>4</sub> nanorods was grown in situ on carbon cloth (NiMoO<sub>4</sub> NRs@NiCo-LDH NSs/CC) by micro-plasma assisted hydrothermal method. Thanks to the synergistic effect of three metals and (NiMoO<sub>4</sub> NRs@NiCo-LDH NSs/CC) provided by nanorods/nanosheets hierarchical structure, NiMoO<sub>4</sub> NRs@NiCo-LDH NSs/CC exposes more active sites and achieves rapid electron transfer. The H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrochemical sensor was constructed as the working electrode with a linear range of 1 μmol L<sup>-1</sup> to 9.0 mmol L<sup>-1</sup> and detection limit of 112 nmol L<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, the sensor has been successfully applied to the detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in food samples, the recovery rate is 95.2%-106.62%, RSD < 4.89%.</p>","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15Epub Date: 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141018
Patrycja Biernacka, Katarzyna Felisiak, Iwona Adamska
Fermentation enhances the nutritional profile of foods and beverages like beer, wine, and fermented teas. Ginkgo biloba, long utilized for its health-enhancing properties, contains bioactive compounds like terpene trilactones and flavonoids, known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. This study explores the feasibility of using dried Ginkgo biloba leaves in SCOBY-mediated fermentation to produce novel health-promoting beverages similar to kombucha. Infusions of dried Ginkgo biloba leaves with varying sugar concentrations are fermented over 21 days. Results showed that these beverages exhibited potent antioxidant properties, notably higher than tea-kombucha, attributed to increased polyphenol content. HPLC analysis identified significant levels of bioactive compounds such as catechin and apigenin. Sensory evaluation highlighted optimal acceptance of the seven-day fermented product. This research underscores the potential of Ginkgo biloba as a functional ingredient in fermented beverages, offering a healthier alternative to conventional soft drinks.
{"title":"The potential of dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves as a novel ingredient in fermented beverages of enhanced flavour and antioxidant properties.","authors":"Patrycja Biernacka, Katarzyna Felisiak, Iwona Adamska","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fermentation enhances the nutritional profile of foods and beverages like beer, wine, and fermented teas. Ginkgo biloba, long utilized for its health-enhancing properties, contains bioactive compounds like terpene trilactones and flavonoids, known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. This study explores the feasibility of using dried Ginkgo biloba leaves in SCOBY-mediated fermentation to produce novel health-promoting beverages similar to kombucha. Infusions of dried Ginkgo biloba leaves with varying sugar concentrations are fermented over 21 days. Results showed that these beverages exhibited potent antioxidant properties, notably higher than tea-kombucha, attributed to increased polyphenol content. HPLC analysis identified significant levels of bioactive compounds such as catechin and apigenin. Sensory evaluation highlighted optimal acceptance of the seven-day fermented product. This research underscores the potential of Ginkgo biloba as a functional ingredient in fermented beverages, offering a healthier alternative to conventional soft drinks.</p>","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15Epub Date: 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140958
Xuejing Gao, Tingting Tang, Junhua Li, Luping Gu, Cuihua Chang, Yujie Su, Yanjun Yang
In this study, the oxidation of egg yolk lipids (EYL) by salt-induced heat and non-heat treatments was investigated for quality and flavor. The correlation between physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation and antioxidant activity was modeled using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results indicated that the prolonged salt-induced synergistic heat treatment produced the highest level of lipid oxidation, antioxidant activity and oil exudation, along with the lowest level of polyunsaturated fatty acid content. In addition, higher contents of pyrazines and fewer acid species were detected, which was not the case with the salt-free heat treatment. In total, 14 identical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were produced, yet their overall flavor profiles determined by the electronic nose would remain dramatically distinguished. Therefore, heat treatment was particularly critical for lipid oxidation and the generation of aromatic compounds, implying that heat-treated EYL induced by salt is a flavor component with good antioxidant potential.
{"title":"Extraction of egg yolk lipids via salt-induced synergistic heat treatment: Fabrication, characterization and flavor analysis.","authors":"Xuejing Gao, Tingting Tang, Junhua Li, Luping Gu, Cuihua Chang, Yujie Su, Yanjun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the oxidation of egg yolk lipids (EYL) by salt-induced heat and non-heat treatments was investigated for quality and flavor. The correlation between physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation and antioxidant activity was modeled using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results indicated that the prolonged salt-induced synergistic heat treatment produced the highest level of lipid oxidation, antioxidant activity and oil exudation, along with the lowest level of polyunsaturated fatty acid content. In addition, higher contents of pyrazines and fewer acid species were detected, which was not the case with the salt-free heat treatment. In total, 14 identical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were produced, yet their overall flavor profiles determined by the electronic nose would remain dramatically distinguished. Therefore, heat treatment was particularly critical for lipid oxidation and the generation of aromatic compounds, implying that heat-treated EYL induced by salt is a flavor component with good antioxidant potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2326007
Keon Kim, Hee-Hong Kim, Jae-Beom Joo, Ock-Kyu Kim, Sin-Wook Park, Guk-Hyun Suh, Woong-Bin Ro, Chang-Min Lee
Pancreatic alpha amylase (P-AMY) is used as a biomarker of acute pancreatitis (AP) in human medicine. To our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the usefulness of P-AMY in dogs with AP. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of P-AMY, currently not verified in veterinary medicine. The AP group (n = 40) consisted of dogs with AP diagnosed using clinical signs and laboratory examinations, including abnormal canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) concentration, and compatible abdominal ultrasound examination at first presentation. Evaluation of the canine AP severity (CAPS) score was performed. The control group (n = 38) was composed of normal dogs without any abnormalities in clinical findings, blood exams or diagnostic imaging. The correlation of P-AMY with cPL was confirmed by Pearson's correlation analysis (r = 0.564, p < .001). The sensitivity and specificity for the most appropriate cut-off values of P-AMY were recorded similar to the values of DGGR. The dogs with AP and CAPS ≥11 had significantly higher serum P-AMY (p = .016) contrary to DGGR lipase and cPL. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the median P-AMY dependent on the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (p = .001). P-AMY showed similar level of diagnostic accuracy along with sensitivity and specificity compared to DGGR lipase. In addition, P-AMY showed a significant association with CAPS score, contrary to cPL and DGGR lipase. Along with other biomarkers associated with AP, P-AMY has the potential of usefulness as a supportive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of AP in dogs.
在人类医学中,胰腺α-淀粉酶(P-AMY)被用作急性胰腺炎(AP)的生物标志物。据我们所知,目前还没有研究评估 P-AMY 在犬急性胰腺炎患者中的作用。在这项研究中,我们评估了 P-AMY 的诊断价值,目前在兽医学中尚未得到验证。AP 组(n = 40)由首次发病时通过临床症状和实验室检查(包括犬胰脂肪酶(cPL)浓度异常)以及腹部超声波检查确诊为 AP 的犬组成。对犬 AP 严重程度(CAPS)进行了评估。对照组(n = 38)由临床表现、血液检查或诊断成像均无异常的正常犬组成。Pearson 相关性分析(r = 0.564,p p = .016)证实了 P-AMY 与 cPL 的相关性,与 DGGR 脂肪酶和 cPL 的相关性相反。此外,P-AMY 的中位数与全身炎症反应综合征的存在有显著差异(p = .001)。与 DGGR 脂肪酶相比,P-AMY 显示出相似的诊断准确性、灵敏度和特异性。此外,与 cPL 和 DGGR 脂肪酶相比,P-AMY 与 CAPS 评分有显著关联。与其他与 AP 相关的生物标记物一起,P-AMY 有可能成为狗 AP 的辅助诊断和预后生物标记物。
{"title":"Evaluation of the clinical usefulness of pancreatic alpha amylase as a novel biomarker in dogs with acute pancreatitis: a pilot study.","authors":"Keon Kim, Hee-Hong Kim, Jae-Beom Joo, Ock-Kyu Kim, Sin-Wook Park, Guk-Hyun Suh, Woong-Bin Ro, Chang-Min Lee","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2326007","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2326007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic alpha amylase (P-AMY) is used as a biomarker of acute pancreatitis (AP) in human medicine. To our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the usefulness of P-AMY in dogs with AP. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of P-AMY, currently not verified in veterinary medicine. The AP group (<i>n</i> = 40) consisted of dogs with AP diagnosed using clinical signs and laboratory examinations, including abnormal canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) concentration, and compatible abdominal ultrasound examination at first presentation. Evaluation of the canine AP severity (CAPS) score was performed. The control group (<i>n</i> = 38) was composed of normal dogs without any abnormalities in clinical findings, blood exams or diagnostic imaging. The correlation of P-AMY with cPL was confirmed by Pearson's correlation analysis (<i>r</i> = 0.564, <i>p</i> < .001). The sensitivity and specificity for the most appropriate cut-off values of P-AMY were recorded similar to the values of DGGR. The dogs with AP and CAPS ≥11 had significantly higher serum P-AMY (<i>p</i> = .016) contrary to DGGR lipase and cPL. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the median P-AMY dependent on the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (<i>p</i> = .001). P-AMY showed similar level of diagnostic accuracy along with sensitivity and specificity compared to DGGR lipase. In addition, P-AMY showed a significant association with CAPS score, contrary to cPL and DGGR lipase. Along with other biomarkers associated with AP, P-AMY has the potential of usefulness as a supportive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of AP in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual plant belonging to the family of Cannabaceae with several varieties characterized by different fatty acid profile, content in flavonoids, polyphenols, and cannabinoid compounds. Hemp is mostly used in livestock nutrition as oil or as protein cake, but not as inflorescences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary hemp inflorescences on milk yield and composition in grazing dairy goats. Twenty Camosciata delle Alpi goats at their 3rd parity and with a mean body weight of 45.2 ± 2.0 kg, immediately after kidding, were equally allocated into two groups (G: Grazing and GH: grazing and hemp). For three months, all goats were fed on a permanent pasture and received 700/head/day of concentrate; diet of group GH was supplemented with 20 g/head/day of hemp inflorescences. Goats' body weight did not change during the trial. Individual milk yield was daily recorded and samples collected every 20 days for chemical composition and fatty acid profile analysis. No significant differences were found for milk yield and chemical composition. Caproic (C6:0) (1.80 vs. 1.74%; p < 0.01) and lauric acids (C12:0) were significantly higher in milk of group GH (4.83 vs. 4.32%; p < 0.01) as well as linoleic (C18:2) (2.04 vs. 1.93%; p < 0.05), adrenic acid (C22:4) (0.046 vs. 0.031%, p < 0.05), omega-6/omega-3 ratio (3.17 vs. 2.93, p < 0.05) and total conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) (0.435 vs. 0.417%; p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the supplementation of grazing goats' diet with hemp inflorescences may enhance the milk nutritional characteristics by increasing its content of CLAs and other beneficial fatty acids.
大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)是一种属于大麻科的一年生植物,有多个品种,其脂肪酸组成、类黄酮、多酚和大麻素化合物含量各不相同。大麻主要作为油或蛋白饼用于牲畜营养,但不作为花序使用。本研究旨在评估放牧奶山羊食用大麻花序对产奶量和牛奶成分的影响。将刚产仔的 20 只 Camosciata delle Alpi 奶山羊平均分成两组(G 组:放牧组;GH 组:放牧加麻花组),每组 3 个月。在三个月的时间里,所有山羊都在永久性牧场上饲养,每天每头山羊摄入 700 克精料;GH 组每天每头山羊日粮中添加 20 克大麻花序。试验期间,山羊的体重没有变化。每天记录单只山羊的产奶量,每隔 20 天采集样品进行化学成分和脂肪酸谱分析。在产奶量和化学成分方面没有发现明显差异。己酸(C6:0)(1.80 vs. 1.74%;p vs. 4.32%;p vs. 1.93%;p vs. 0.031%,p vs. 2.93,p vs. 0.417%;p
{"title":"Diet supplementation with hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa L.</i>) inflorescences: effects on quanti-qualitative milk yield and fatty acid profile on grazing dairy goats.","authors":"Ruggero Amato, Marianna Oteri, Biagina Chiofalo, Fabio Zicarelli, Nadia Musco, Fiorella Sarubbi, Severina Pacifico, Marialuisa Formato, Pietro Lombardi, Federica Di Bennardo, Piera Iommelli, Federico Infascelli, Raffaella Tudisco","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2388715","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2388715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa L</i>.) is an annual plant belonging to the family of Cannabaceae with several varieties characterized by different fatty acid profile, content in flavonoids, polyphenols, and cannabinoid compounds. Hemp is mostly used in livestock nutrition as oil or as protein cake, but not as inflorescences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary hemp inflorescences on milk yield and composition in grazing dairy goats. Twenty Camosciata delle Alpi goats at their 3rd parity and with a mean body weight of 45.2 ± 2.0 kg, immediately after kidding, were equally allocated into two groups (G: Grazing and GH: grazing and hemp). For three months, all goats were fed on a permanent pasture and received 700/head/day of concentrate; diet of group GH was supplemented with 20 g/head/day of hemp inflorescences. Goats' body weight did not change during the trial. Individual milk yield was daily recorded and samples collected every 20 days for chemical composition and fatty acid profile analysis. No significant differences were found for milk yield and chemical composition. Caproic (C6:0) (1.80 <i>vs.</i> 1.74%; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and lauric acids (C12:0) were significantly higher in milk of group GH (4.83 <i>vs.</i> 4.32%; <i>p</i> < 0.01) as well as linoleic (C18:2) (2.04 <i>vs.</i> 1.93%; <i>p</i> < 0.05), adrenic acid (C22:4) (0.046 <i>vs.</i> 0.031%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), omega-6/omega-3 ratio (3.17 <i>vs.</i> 2.93, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and total conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) (0.435 <i>vs.</i> 0.417%; <i>p</i> < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the supplementation of grazing goats' diet with hemp inflorescences may enhance the milk nutritional characteristics by increasing its content of CLAs and other beneficial fatty acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2379327
Chien-Hui Chen, Chao-Chin Chang, Wei-Che Chen, Ya-Jane Lee
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and a questionnaire were used as indicators of chronic stress status and quality of life (QoL), respectively, in cats. To date, there has been limited research on the simultaneous application of both indicators in unwell cats. Our aim was to evaluate HCC and questionnaire data obtained from a healthy cat cohort (n = 61) and cat cohorts with either chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 78) or suspected feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (n = 24). Furthermore, we also investigated the correlation between HCC and clinical pathological data. For this study, hair from the abdomen of cats was collected and analyzed for HCC using a commercial ELISA kit. Owners also completed a questionnaire, from which average-item-weighted-impact-scores (AWISs) were calculated. Cats with late-stage-CKD (median, HCC = 330.15 pg/mg, AWIS = -0.43) presented with a significantly higher HCC (p < 0.01) and a significantly lower AWIS (p < 0.01) than cats with early-stage-CKD (HCC = 183.56 pg/mg, AWIS = 1.08). Similarly, there were significant differences in both HCC (p < 0.001) and AWIS (p < 0.001) between cats with suspected FIP (HCC = 896.27 pg/mg, AWIS = -1.97) and healthy cats (HCC = 181.24 pg/mg, AWIS = 1.24). The degree of consistency between the HCC results and the questionnaire results reminds us that the severity of a chronic disease or the presence of a life-threatening disease can significantly increase stress and thus can affect the QoL of cats.
毛发皮质醇浓度(HCC)和问卷调查分别被用作猫咪慢性压力状态和生活质量(QoL)的指标。迄今为止,将这两个指标同时应用于不健康猫咪的研究还很有限。我们的目的是评估从健康猫群组(61 只)和患有慢性肾病 (CKD) (78 只)或疑似猫传染性腹膜炎 (FIP) (24 只)的猫群组中获得的 HCC 和问卷调查数据。此外,我们还调查了 HCC 与临床病理数据之间的相关性。在这项研究中,我们收集了猫腹部的毛发,并使用商业 ELISA 试剂盒对毛发进行了 HCC 分析。猫主人还填写了一份调查问卷,并从中计算出平均项目加权影响分数(AWIS)。晚期 CKD 猫(中位数,HCC = 330.15 pg/mg,AWIS = -0.43)的 HCC 明显更高(p p p p
{"title":"Evaluation of chronic stress status and quality of life in cats suffering from chronic kidney disease and suspected feline infectious peritonitis based on hair cortisol concentration analysis and a questionnaire.","authors":"Chien-Hui Chen, Chao-Chin Chang, Wei-Che Chen, Ya-Jane Lee","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2379327","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2379327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and a questionnaire were used as indicators of chronic stress status and quality of life (QoL), respectively, in cats. To date, there has been limited research on the simultaneous application of both indicators in unwell cats. Our aim was to evaluate HCC and questionnaire data obtained from a healthy cat cohort (<i>n</i> = 61) and cat cohorts with either chronic kidney disease (CKD) (<i>n</i> = 78) or suspected feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (<i>n</i> = 24). Furthermore, we also investigated the correlation between HCC and clinical pathological data. For this study, hair from the abdomen of cats was collected and analyzed for HCC using a commercial ELISA kit. Owners also completed a questionnaire, from which average-item-weighted-impact-scores (AWISs) were calculated. Cats with late-stage-CKD (median, HCC = 330.15 pg/mg, AWIS = -0.43) presented with a significantly higher HCC (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and a significantly lower AWIS (<i>p</i> < 0.01) than cats with early-stage-CKD (HCC = 183.56 pg/mg, AWIS = 1.08). Similarly, there were significant differences in both HCC (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and AWIS (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between cats with suspected FIP (HCC = 896.27 pg/mg, AWIS = -1.97) and healthy cats (HCC = 181.24 pg/mg, AWIS = 1.24). The degree of consistency between the HCC results and the questionnaire results reminds us that the severity of a chronic disease or the presence of a life-threatening disease can significantly increase stress and thus can affect the QoL of cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11262211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2298089
B Agüero, F Berrios, C Pardo-Roa, N Ariyama, B Bennett, R A Medina, V Neira
SARS-CoV-2's rapid global spread caused the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. Alongside humans, domestic dogs and cats are also susceptible to infection. However, limited reports on pet infections in Chile prompted a comprehensive study to address this knowledge gap. Between March 2021 and March 2023, the study assessed 65 pets (26 dogs and 39 cats) from 33 COVID-19+ households alongside 700 nasal swabs from animals in households with unknown COVID-19 status. Using RT-PCR, nasal, fecal, and environmental samples were analyzed for the virus. In COVID-19+ households, 6.06% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, belonging to 3 dogs, indicating human-to-pet transmission. Pets from households with unknown COVID-19 status tested negative for the virus. We obtained 2 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from animals, that belonged to Omicron BA.4.1 variant, marking the first report of pets infected with this lineage globally. Phylogenetic analysis showed these sequences clustered with human sequences collected in Chile during the same period when the BA.4.1 variant was prevalent in the country. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Chilean pets was relatively low, likely due to the country's high human vaccination rate. Our study highlights the importance of upholding and strengthening human vaccination strategies to mitigate the risk of interspecies transmission. It underscores the critical role of the One Health approach in addressing emerging zoonotic diseases, calling for further research on infection dynamics and risk factors for a comprehensive understanding.
{"title":"First detection of Omicron variant BA.4.1 lineage in dogs, Chile.","authors":"B Agüero, F Berrios, C Pardo-Roa, N Ariyama, B Bennett, R A Medina, V Neira","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2298089","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2298089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2's rapid global spread caused the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. Alongside humans, domestic dogs and cats are also susceptible to infection. However, limited reports on pet infections in Chile prompted a comprehensive study to address this knowledge gap. Between March 2021 and March 2023, the study assessed 65 pets (26 dogs and 39 cats) from 33 COVID-19+ households alongside 700 nasal swabs from animals in households with unknown COVID-19 status. Using RT-PCR, nasal, fecal, and environmental samples were analyzed for the virus. In COVID-19+ households, 6.06% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, belonging to 3 dogs, indicating human-to-pet transmission. Pets from households with unknown COVID-19 status tested negative for the virus. We obtained 2 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from animals, that belonged to Omicron BA.4.1 variant, marking the first report of pets infected with this lineage globally. Phylogenetic analysis showed these sequences clustered with human sequences collected in Chile during the same period when the BA.4.1 variant was prevalent in the country. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Chilean pets was relatively low, likely due to the country's high human vaccination rate. Our study highlights the importance of upholding and strengthening human vaccination strategies to mitigate the risk of interspecies transmission. It underscores the critical role of the One Health approach in addressing emerging zoonotic diseases, calling for further research on infection dynamics and risk factors for a comprehensive understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10769545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2364641
Asad Sultan, Syed Murtaza, Shabana Naz, Ziaul Islam, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Rifat Ullah Khan, Samia H Abdelrahman, A Chandrasekaran
Animal industry seeks cost-effective solutions to enhance performance and health of domestic animals. This study investigated the effects of supplementing Bacillus spp. probiotics and xylanase on 2000 one-day-old Japanese quails, randomly assigned to four treatment groups (10 replicates). The control group received no supplementation, while the others were supplemented with a Bacillus-based probiotic at 7.5 × 107 cfu/kg of feed, xylanase enzyme (2,000 U/kg) alone or in combination. Quails receiving both probiotic and enzyme exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher weekly and overall weight gain, and lower feed conversion ratios compared to the control group. Dressing percentage was higher (p < 0.01), and mortality lower in birds supplemented with a combination of enzyme and probiotic. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in quails receiving combined probiotic and enzyme supplementation, while titres against Newcastle disease virus were higher (p < 0.01) in groups supplemented with probiotic and enzyme individually or in combination. Additionally, digestibility was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in groups receiving combined enzyme and probiotic supplementation, with higher apparent metabolizable energy compared to the control. The populations of beneficial Lactobacillus increased, while harmful E. coli and Salmonella decreased significantly in quails supplemented with both probiotic and enzyme. In conclusion, supplementing xylanase enzyme and probiotic together in Japanese quails positively influenced growth, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and cecal microbiota.
{"title":"Live performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response and fecal microbial load modulation in Japanese quails fed a <i>Bacillus</i>-based probiotic alone or combination with xylanase.","authors":"Asad Sultan, Syed Murtaza, Shabana Naz, Ziaul Islam, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Rifat Ullah Khan, Samia H Abdelrahman, A Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2364641","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2364641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal industry seeks cost-effective solutions to enhance performance and health of domestic animals. This study investigated the effects of supplementing <i>Bacillus</i> spp. probiotics and xylanase on 2000 one-day-old Japanese quails, randomly assigned to four treatment groups (10 replicates). The control group received no supplementation, while the others were supplemented with a <i>Bacillus</i>-based probiotic at 7.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/kg of feed, xylanase enzyme (2,000 U/kg) alone or in combination. Quails receiving both probiotic and enzyme exhibited significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher weekly and overall weight gain, and lower feed conversion ratios compared to the control group. Dressing percentage was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and mortality lower in birds supplemented with a combination of enzyme and probiotic. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher in quails receiving combined probiotic and enzyme supplementation, while titres against Newcastle disease virus were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in groups supplemented with probiotic and enzyme individually or in combination. Additionally, digestibility was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher in groups receiving combined enzyme and probiotic supplementation, with higher apparent metabolizable energy compared to the control. The populations of beneficial <i>Lactobacillus</i> increased, while harmful <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> decreased significantly in quails supplemented with both probiotic and enzyme. In conclusion, supplementing xylanase enzyme and probiotic together in Japanese quails positively influenced growth, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and cecal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}