法学最新文献

Based on an early 2020s survey of 3,500 police officers from nine countries, this paper explores perceived community and police adherence to the COVID-19 regulations. We propose that both public and police perceived adherence with the COVID-19 rules are related not only to individual-level factors (e.g., gender, concern for own health) but also to country-level factors (e.g., quality of governance, protection of citizens' rights). Our findings reveal that individual-level factors, such as the concerns for personal and family health, were strong and consistent predictors of perceived community and police adherence. While misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with the perceived community adherence, it was not related to the perceived police adherence. Moreover, country-level factors, such as the stringency of COVID-19 rules and regulations and the protection of citizens' rights, were also significantly related to both perceived community and police adherence.

Using administrative data from the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) from 2017 to 2019, this study examined child welfare involvement among Asian American subgroups, addressing gaps in research through disaggregated data analysis. Findings revealed significant racial and ethnic disparities in child welfare outcomes, including differences in prior referrals, re-referrals, and case durations. While certain Asian subgroups-such as Chinese families-experienced shorter case durations, lower odds of prior referrals and recurrence compared to White families, others, including Filipino, Cambodian, Hmong, and Laotian families, showed limited or inconsistent differences from their White counterparts across these outcomes. These findings challenge the model minority stereotype, highlighting the diverse experiences of Asian American families in the child welfare system. Addressing these disparities requires disaggregated data collection and culturally responsive policies that improve service accessibility, ensure timely interventions, and better support the unique needs of Asian American subgroups.

Obstetric violence includes multiple forms of mistreatment perpetrated by healthcare workers and institutions toward patients during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. A common manifestation is linguistic violence, often presented as mocking, threatening, or yelling at patients. Using critical narrative analysis of 105 semistructured interviews with health providers and patients in Medellín, Colombia, this study found that silence and silencing are forms of violence in obstetrics but can also function as acts of resistance. This study expands current research on language use in cases of violence against women in clinical settings and expands the concept of "linguistic obstetric violence" beyond verbal abuse.

This paper presents a new "Framework of Paramilitary-related Coercive Control." Based on empirical research in Northern Ireland, the paper evidences how coercive control can be used as an analytical lens to approach understanding of armed-actor-related intimate-partner violence, as well as being a form of conflict-related harm. The paper advances the concept of "conflict-related coercive control," showing how the predatory nature of armed group social control is the basis for the endemic gendered control of women. It expands the study of intimate partner-based coercive control towards group-based control of women, and by so doing, expands the concept of social control, evidencing the gendered nature of armed group governance.

Immigrant survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face particular risks and have unique strengths; IPV risk assessments must account for diverse lived experiences. This validation study of the Danger Assessment for Immigrant (DA-I) women assessed risk factors and experiences of IPV across four timepoints among immigrant IPV survivors from diverse world regions (n = 122). The Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve assessed the predictive validity of the DA-I, which ranged from .794 to .892 in the full sample and .652-.943 in regional subsamples. Used appropriately, the DA-I offers survivors an opportunity to make knowledgeable and empowered decisions regarding their safety.

This qualitative study examined what medical advocates do that is helpful and unhelpful in their interactions with sexual assault survivors from the perspective of nurses. Data were N = 22 semistructured interviews with sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) and non-SANEs. Inductive thematic analysis was used. Helpful ways advocates worked with survivors included providing emotional support, caring for tangible needs, providing information, supporting patient choice, staying with and focusing on the patient, and facilitating follow-up care. Unhelpful ways advocates worked with survivors included poor patient service and not respecting patient wishes. SANE training did not influence nurses' perceptions of advocate helpfulness.

The present study examined couples' childhood maltreatment (CM) profiles and their associations with both partners' sexual health over one year. Participants were 885 couples (M_{age =} 31.22) who completed measures of CM (baseline) and sexual satisfaction, distress and function (baseline, 6- and 12-months). Dyadic latent profile analyses yielded five profiles: Partner 1 Neglected, Low CM, Partner 2 Physically Abused, Partner 2 Sexually Abused, and Partner 1 Sexually Abused. Initial levels of sexual satisfaction, distress and function showed the greatest sexual health in Low CM and the worst in Partner 1 Neglected. Decreases in sexual satisfaction were steeper in Partner 1 Sexually Abused than Low CM; sexual distress decreased for Low CM and increased for Partner 1 Neglected and Partner 2 Sexually Abused; decreases in sexual function were steeper in Partner 1 Neglected and Partner 2 Sexually Abused than Low CM. Profiles involving greater CM are associated with worse sexual health.

Emotional neglect (EN) is severely underrepresented in child maltreatment research. The current study addressed this gap by estimating the prevalence and psychosocial consequences of EN in a sample of 1,926 low-income women who received home visiting services. Results indicated that 22% to 57% endured EN depending on the operational criteria, exceeding general population estimates. Rates of endorsement differed across racial/ethnic groups, underscoring the need to explore the extent to which prevalence varies along with sampling and measurement approaches. Regression analyses showed that EN was associated with mental health and relationship difficulties in adulthood, including higher depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores; lower levels of social support and relationship satisfaction; and an increased risk of intimate partner violence. Controlling for demographics and other adverse childhood experiences, EN was associated with small but robust effects on adult mental health and social relationships at two time points four years apart. Taken together, the findings confirm EN deserves greater attention from researchers and practitioners.

This qualitative study explored the dimensions of psychic restructuring (PR) in trauma recovery among Sri Lankan Tamil refugee women. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 women residing at refugee camps in southern India; the acquired data was analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. PR encompasses positive, negative, and neutral dimensions; it comprises the changes in social dynamics, healing of psychic wounds, and reunification of the individual and collective psyches. Its key positive dimensions included symbolic representations, channeling the attitudes and victimization experiences, and positive self-concept. Findings highlight the critical role of innovative PR-based mental health interventions in empowering refugee women by enhancing self-representation and agency.