Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献

A rapid method for pixel-wise categorization and quantification of typical solid wastes using hyperspectral imaging and lightweight convolutional neural network 一种基于高光谱成像和轻量级卷积神经网络的典型固体废物逐像素快速分类和定量方法

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00307-z

Tingwei Wu, Pinjing He, Dongying Lan, Fan Lü, Hua Zhang

Accurate and timely determination of solid waste composition, categories, and dimensions is vital for effective waste management. However, significant challenges in identifying and sorting diverse, contaminated, and stacked solid waste persist. This study integrates hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with the improved lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN), FreeNet, to enhance waste identification accuracy and efficiency. To facilitate real-world industrial applications, the model architecture was optimized to support efficient batch training on large-scale datasets. The 10-fold cross-validation strategy and grid search strategy were further employed to ensure model stability, and data augmentation was used to enhance hyperspectral image utilization. After training on a self-generated dataset with 10 typical solid wastes (specifically including wood, paper, fabric, plastic, rubber, leather, sponge filler, concrete aggregate, tile, and metal), the model demonstrated superior performance. Experimental results indicate that FreeNet achieves an ultra-fast inference speed of 4 ms per image, which is significantly faster than the 523 ms of the baseline model, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). In terms of classification accuracy, FreeNet achieved a weighted F1-score of 94.04%, outperforming XGBoost (92.42%). Furthermore, FreeNet attained a weighted intersection over union (IoU) score of 89.37% (compared to XGBoost’s 86.79%), showcasing its superior capability for pixel-wise representation of waste areas. Therefore, the fusion of HSI and lightweight CNN holds promising potential for real-time waste identification, providing a robust solution for addressing waste pollution challenges through advanced technologies. This manuscript represents a pioneering application of integrating advanced HSI with lightweight CNN in the field of intelligent solid waste characterization, which holds substantial promise for advancing the field of waste management toward intelligent and efficient waste sorting and treatment strategies. Furthermore, this work also contributes to helping related researchers understand how HSI can be used to measure and examine waste pollutants non-destructively in different scenes and can provide in-situ and real-time intelligent identification.

Graphical Abstract

准确和及时地确定固体废物的成分、类别和尺寸对于有效的废物管理至关重要。然而，在识别和分类各种污染和堆积的固体废物方面仍然存在重大挑战。本研究将高光谱成像（HSI）与改进的轻量级卷积神经网络（CNN） FreeNet相结合，以提高垃圾识别的准确性和效率。为了促进现实世界的工业应用，优化了模型架构，以支持大规模数据集上的高效批处理训练。采用10倍交叉验证策略和网格搜索策略确保模型的稳定性，并采用数据增强技术提高高光谱图像的利用率。在一个包含10种典型固体废物（具体包括木材、纸张、织物、塑料、橡胶、皮革、海绵填料、混凝土骨料、瓷砖和金属）的自生成数据集上进行训练后，该模型显示出优越的性能。实验结果表明，FreeNet实现了每幅图像4 ms的超快推理速度，明显快于基线模型极限梯度增强（XGBoost）的523 ms。在分类准确率方面，FreeNet的加权f1得分为94.04%，优于XGBoost的92.42%。此外，FreeNet获得了89.37%的加权交联（IoU）分数（与XGBoost的86.79%相比），展示了其在逐像素表示废物区域方面的卓越能力。因此，HSI和轻量级CNN的融合在实时废物识别方面具有广阔的潜力，为通过先进技术应对废物污染挑战提供了强有力的解决方案。该手稿代表了将先进的HSI与轻量级CNN集成在智能固体废物表征领域的开创性应用，这对于推进废物管理领域朝着智能和高效的废物分类和处理策略有很大的希望。此外，该工作还有助于帮助相关研究人员了解如何使用HSI在不同场景中对废物污染物进行非破坏性测量和检测，并提供原位和实时的智能识别。图形抽象

{"title":"A rapid method for pixel-wise categorization and quantification of typical solid wastes using hyperspectral imaging and lightweight convolutional neural network","authors":"Tingwei Wu, Pinjing He, Dongying Lan, Fan Lü, Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00307-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00307-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate and timely determination of solid waste composition, categories, and dimensions is vital for effective waste management. However, significant challenges in identifying and sorting diverse, contaminated, and stacked solid waste persist. This study integrates hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with the improved lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN), FreeNet, to enhance waste identification accuracy and efficiency. To facilitate real-world industrial applications, the model architecture was optimized to support efficient batch training on large-scale datasets. The 10-fold cross-validation strategy and grid search strategy were further employed to ensure model stability, and data augmentation was used to enhance hyperspectral image utilization. After training on a self-generated dataset with 10 typical solid wastes (specifically including wood, paper, fabric, plastic, rubber, leather, sponge filler, concrete aggregate, tile, and metal), the model demonstrated superior performance. Experimental results indicate that FreeNet achieves an ultra-fast inference speed of 4 ms per image, which is significantly faster than the 523 ms of the baseline model, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). In terms of classification accuracy, FreeNet achieved a weighted F1-score of 94.04%, outperforming XGBoost (92.42%). Furthermore, FreeNet attained a weighted intersection over union (IoU) score of 89.37% (compared to XGBoost’s 86.79%), showcasing its superior capability for pixel-wise representation of waste areas. Therefore, the fusion of HSI and lightweight CNN holds promising potential for real-time waste identification, providing a robust solution for addressing waste pollution challenges through advanced technologies. This manuscript represents a pioneering application of integrating advanced HSI with lightweight CNN in the field of intelligent solid waste characterization, which holds substantial promise for advancing the field of waste management toward intelligent and efficient waste sorting and treatment strategies. Furthermore, this work also contributes to helping related researchers understand how HSI can be used to measure and examine waste pollutants non-destructively in different scenes and can provide in-situ and real-time intelligent identification.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"483 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green conversion of coal gangue acid leaching residue into a K2Si4O9 fertilizer material: a sustainable strategy for solid waste upcycling 煤矸石酸浸渣绿色转化为K2Si4O9肥料材料：固体废物升级回收的可持续策略

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-05-26 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00306-0

Junli Zhang, Zhumei Sun, Yucen Gao, Ying Li, Rui Ma, Yanfang Chai, Haifang Wang

Coal gangue acid leaching residue (CG-alr) is a large solid waste generated during the extraction of aluminum-containing resources from coal gangue (CG), and its high-value-added resource utilization faces challenges. This study proposes a two-step strategy, which is high-temperature thermal alkali activation (1100 °C and 0.5 h) and low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis (95 °C and 30 h), to efficiently convert CG-alr into silicon–potassium compound fertilizer (SPCF) with a gradient structure. The system optimized three key parameters: KOH concentration, SiO₂-to-K₂O mass ratio, and reaction time. Under the optimal conditions (55% KOH concentrarion, SiO₂:K₂O=1:5, reaction time of 30 h), a silicon conversion rate of 99.64% was achieved. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the product is mainly composed of layered potassium tetrasilicate (K₂Si₄O₉), accompanied by a small amount of kalsilite (KAlSiO₄). Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that for the first time, the unique gradient structure of SPCF particles: the surface is a water-soluble potassium-rich layer (K₂CO₃), and the bulk phase is a well-crystallized layered silicandate (K₂Si₄O₉+KAlSiO₄), which lays a theoretical foundation for the synergistic supply of potassium through “surface quick-acting & bulk slow-release”. The environmental safety assessment shows that the heavy metal content in SPCF is below the detection limit and meets the national agricultural standards. This study not only provides a new approach for the efficient resource utilization of CG-alr but also reveals a gradient structure that provides a scientific basis for the development of new slow-release SPCF.

Graphical Abstract

The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

煤矸石酸浸渣是从煤矸石中提取含铝资源过程中产生的大型固体废弃物，其高附加值资源化利用面临挑战。本研究提出了高温热碱活化（1100℃，0.5 h）和低温水热合成（95℃，30 h）两步策略，高效地将gc -alr转化为具有梯度结构的硅钾复合肥（SPCF）。系统优化了三个关键参数：KOH浓度、SiO2-to-K2O质量比和反应时间。在最佳条件下（KOH浓度为55%，SiO2:K2O=1:5，反应时间为30 h），硅的转化率为99.64%。x射线衍射（XRD）分析证实该产物主要由层状四硅酸钾（K2Si4O9）组成，并伴有少量的千硅石（KAlSiO4）。扫描电镜结合能量色散x射线能谱（SEM-EDS）和x射线光电子能谱（XPS）首次揭示了SPCF颗粒独特的梯度结构：表面为水溶性富钾层（K2CO3），体相为结晶良好的层状硅酸盐（K2Si4O9+KAlSiO4），为通过“表面速效&体缓释”协同供钾奠定了理论基础。环境安全评价表明，SPCF中重金属含量低于检测限，符合国家农业标准。该研究不仅为CG-alr的高效资源利用提供了新途径，而且揭示了梯度结构，为开发新型缓释SPCF提供了科学依据。此图像的替代文本可能是使用AI生成的。

{"title":"Green conversion of coal gangue acid leaching residue into a K2Si4O9 fertilizer material: a sustainable strategy for solid waste upcycling","authors":"Junli Zhang, Zhumei Sun, Yucen Gao, Ying Li, Rui Ma, Yanfang Chai, Haifang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00306-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00306-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coal gangue acid leaching residue (CG-alr) is a large solid waste generated during the extraction of aluminum-containing resources from coal gangue (CG), and its high-value-added resource utilization faces challenges. This study proposes a two-step strategy, which is high-temperature thermal alkali activation (1100 °C and 0.5 h) and low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis (95 °C and 30 h), to efficiently convert CG-alr into silicon–potassium compound fertilizer (SPCF) with a gradient structure. The system optimized three key parameters: KOH concentration, SiO<sub>2</sub>-to-K<sub>2</sub>O mass ratio, and reaction time. Under the optimal conditions (55% KOH concentrarion, SiO<sub>2</sub>:K<sub>2</sub>O=1:5, reaction time of 30 h), a silicon conversion rate of 99.64% was achieved. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the product is mainly composed of layered potassium tetrasilicate (K<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub>), accompanied by a small amount of kalsilite (KAlSiO<sub>4</sub>). Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that for the first time, the unique gradient structure of SPCF particles: the surface is a water-soluble potassium-rich layer (K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>), and the bulk phase is a well-crystallized layered silicandate (K<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub>+KAlSiO<sub>4</sub>), which lays a theoretical foundation for the synergistic supply of potassium through “surface quick-acting & bulk slow-release”. The environmental safety assessment shows that the heavy metal content in SPCF is below the detection limit and meets the national agricultural standards. This study not only provides a new approach for the efficient resource utilization of CG-alr but also reveals a gradient structure that provides a scientific basis for the development of new slow-release SPCF.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":"433 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valorization of waste cooking oil and coconut coir into bio-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications 废食用油和椰壳转化为生物基相变材料用于热能储存的研究

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00303-3

Sathish Thanikodi, Rathinasamy Saravanan, Murad Irshied Al-Maaitah, Jaloladdin Rajabov, Ramya Maranan, Arul Gnana Dhas Anderson, Arumugam Thanikasalam

With the booming sustainable thermal energy storage (TES) materials and an increasing concern about the environmental issues accompanying organic waste disposal, eco-friendly phase change materials (PCMs) are being sought in an increasingly competitive race. The valorization of waste cooking oil (WCO) and coconut coir into bio-composite PCM for a sustainable TES application is demonstrated in this study. The significance of this research is to efficiently convert two abundant agro-industrial wastes into high-performance thermal storage materials; it meets the concept of the circular economy and reduces the dependence on petroleum-derived PCMs. The WCO-to-coconut coir (W/C) ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 were used to fabricate composite PCM samples, which were then characterized for their thermophysical properties. The 80:20 W/C composite PCM among the formulations showed an optimum performance compared to other compositions, and maximum latent heat storage with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting peak of 31.1 mW and solidification peak of −21.5 mW was obtained. It was found that the thermal conductivity increased up to 0.972 W/(m·K) at 60 °C and the specific heat increased from 1.78 kJ/(kg·K) to 1.97 kJ/(kg·K) and confirmed good shape stability through leakage tests. The TG results showed prominent thermal resistance with almost 99.9% weight retention even at temperatures as high as 50 °C. In addition, this composite PCM still maintained approximately 96.8% thermal stability under a range of 500 heating–cooling cycles, indicating its durable performance. These results render the 80:20 W/C composite PCM a potential long lifetime, affordable and sustainable total bio-based PCMs for solar-thermal collectors, heat exchangers and low-grade energy storage.

Graphical abstract

随着可持续热能储存（TES）材料的蓬勃发展以及人们对有机废物处理过程中环境问题的日益关注，环保相变材料（PCMs）的竞争日益激烈。本研究展示了废食用油（WCO）和椰子椰壳为可持续TES应用的生物复合PCM的增值。本研究的意义在于将两种丰富的农工废弃物高效转化为高性能储热材料；它符合循环经济的概念，减少了对石油衍生PCMs的依赖。采用wco -椰壳（W/C）比分别为100:0、95:5、90:10、85:15和80:20制备复合PCM样品，并对其热物理性质进行表征。与其他配方相比，80:20 W/C的复合PCM表现出最佳性能，其最大潜热蓄积量为31.1 mW，凝固峰值为- 21.5 mW。在60℃时，其导热系数可达0.972 W/(m·K)，比热从1.78 kJ/（kg·K）增加到1.97 kJ/(kg·K)，并通过泄漏试验证实了其良好的形状稳定性。热重测试结果表明，即使在高达50℃的温度下，其耐热性也达到99.9%。此外，该复合PCM在500次加热-冷却循环下仍保持约96.8%的热稳定性，表明其耐用性能。这些结果表明，80:20 W/C的复合PCM是一种潜在的长寿命、经济实惠和可持续的全生物基PCM，可用于太阳能集热器、热交换器和低级储能。图形抽象

{"title":"Valorization of waste cooking oil and coconut coir into bio-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications","authors":"Sathish Thanikodi, Rathinasamy Saravanan, Murad Irshied Al-Maaitah, Jaloladdin Rajabov, Ramya Maranan, Arul Gnana Dhas Anderson, Arumugam Thanikasalam","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00303-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00303-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the booming sustainable thermal energy storage (TES) materials and an increasing concern about the environmental issues accompanying organic waste disposal, eco-friendly phase change materials (PCMs) are being sought in an increasingly competitive race. The valorization of waste cooking oil (WCO) and coconut coir into bio-composite PCM for a sustainable TES application is demonstrated in this study. The significance of this research is to efficiently convert two abundant agro-industrial wastes into high-performance thermal storage materials; it meets the concept of the circular economy and reduces the dependence on petroleum-derived PCMs. The WCO-to-coconut coir (<i>W</i>/<i>C</i>) ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 were used to fabricate composite PCM samples, which were then characterized for their thermophysical properties. The 80:20 <i>W</i>/<i>C</i> composite PCM among the formulations showed an optimum performance compared to other compositions, and maximum latent heat storage with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting peak of 31.1 mW and solidification peak of −21.5 mW was obtained. It was found that the thermal conductivity increased up to 0.972 W/(m·K) at 60 °C and the specific heat increased from 1.78 kJ/(kg·K) to 1.97 kJ/(kg·K) and confirmed good shape stability through leakage tests. The TG results showed prominent thermal resistance with almost 99.9% weight retention even at temperatures as high as 50 °C. In addition, this composite PCM still maintained approximately 96.8% thermal stability under a range of 500 heating–cooling cycles, indicating its durable performance. These results render the 80:20 <i>W</i>/<i>C</i> composite PCM a potential long lifetime, affordable and sustainable total bio-based PCMs for solar-thermal collectors, heat exchangers and low-grade energy storage.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"663 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Segregation inhibition and performance enhancement of low carbon large-volume cast stone from molten silicomanganese slag 硅锰熔渣低碳大体积铸石的偏析抑制及性能提高

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00301-5

Yi Huang, Zhixiang Xiao, Yu Li, Shenghan Pan, Daqiang Cang

The integrated utilization of energy and materials from pyrometallurgical slags (>1 billion tonnes per year globally) remains a universal challenge. This study converted 1600 °C molten silicomanganese slag (SMS) into the low-carbon large-volume cast stone (1.50 m×0.45 m×0.65 m) in tonne-scale field experiments by optimizing its heat treatment regime (10 h crystallization holding at 900 °C, furnace cooling), processable into building slabs. The results show that controlling the internal temperature gradient of molten slag during solidification and crystallization is feasible for preparing cast stone with uniform overall properties. A rapid heating process was adopted in optimized tests, avoiding secondary heating of slag at the mold edge and keeping the global temperature of cast stones stable within the 900–1100 °C crystallization range, thus achieving synchronized crystallization and inhibiting segregation. The optimized cast stone exhibited enhanced overall compositional uniformity with reduced mass fraction standard deviations (σ_m) of CaO (from 1.05% to 0.18%, mass fraction) and SiO₂ (from 0.77% to 0.19%), and a more homogeneous size and distribution of crystals. Consequently, stress and crack formation were suppressed, and the standard deviations of flexural and compressive strengths (σ_s) dropped from 23.70 and 116.06 to 6.17 and 22.99 MPa, respectively. This novel producing process of slag-based cast stone cut CO₂ emissions by 79.5% vs. traditional processes, promoting industrial molten slag recycling and carbon emission reduction via efficient synergistic utilization of its heat and materials.

Graphical Abstract

综合利用来自火法冶炼渣的能源和材料（全球每年10亿吨）仍然是一个全球性的挑战。本研究通过优化热处理制度（900°C 10 h结晶，炉内冷却），在1600°C熔融硅锰渣（SMS）的吨级现场实验中将其转化为低碳大体积铸石（1.50 m×0.45 m×0.65 m），可加工成建筑板材。结果表明，控制熔渣在凝固和结晶过程中的内部温度梯度是制备整体性能均匀的铸石的可行方法。优化试验采用快速加热工艺，避免了渣在模边的二次加热，使铸石整体温度稳定在900 ~ 1100℃结晶范围内，实现了同步结晶，抑制了偏析。优化后的铸石整体组成均匀性增强，CaO（质量分数从1.05%降至0.18%）和SiO2（质量分数从0.77%降至0.19%）的质量分数标准差（σm）降低，晶体尺寸和分布更加均匀。应力和裂纹的形成得到抑制，抗折强度标准差（σs）分别从23.70和116.06降至6.17和22.99 MPa。这种新型的渣基铸石生产工艺与传统工艺相比，二氧化碳排放量减少了79.5%，通过其热量和材料的高效协同利用，促进了工业熔渣的回收和碳减排。图形抽象

{"title":"Segregation inhibition and performance enhancement of low carbon large-volume cast stone from molten silicomanganese slag","authors":"Yi Huang, Zhixiang Xiao, Yu Li, Shenghan Pan, Daqiang Cang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00301-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00301-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The integrated utilization of energy and materials from pyrometallurgical slags (>1 billion tonnes per year globally) remains a universal challenge. This study converted 1600 °C molten silicomanganese slag (SMS) into the low-carbon large-volume cast stone (1.50 m×0.45 m×0.65 m) in tonne-scale field experiments by optimizing its heat treatment regime (10 h crystallization holding at 900 °C, furnace cooling), processable into building slabs. The results show that controlling the internal temperature gradient of molten slag during solidification and crystallization is feasible for preparing cast stone with uniform overall properties. A rapid heating process was adopted in optimized tests, avoiding secondary heating of slag at the mold edge and keeping the global temperature of cast stones stable within the 900–1100 °C crystallization range, thus achieving synchronized crystallization and inhibiting segregation. The optimized cast stone exhibited enhanced overall compositional uniformity with reduced mass fraction standard deviations (<i>σ</i><sub>m</sub>) of CaO (from 1.05% to 0.18%, mass fraction) and SiO<sub>2</sub> (from 0.77% to 0.19%), and a more homogeneous size and distribution of crystals. Consequently, stress and crack formation were suppressed, and the standard deviations of flexural and compressive strengths (<i>σ</i><sub>s</sub>) dropped from 23.70 and 116.06 to 6.17 and 22.99 MPa, respectively. This novel producing process of slag-based cast stone cut CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 79.5% vs. traditional processes, promoting industrial molten slag recycling and carbon emission reduction via efficient synergistic utilization of its heat and materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"695 - 711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving biomethane production from co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste through inoculum mixtures and recirculation of liquid biofertilizer 通过接种混合物和液体生物肥料的再循环提高果蔬废物共消化的生物甲烷产量

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00302-4

Daniela dos Santos Santana, Jonathan da Cunha Teixeira, Maria Odete Holanda Mariano, José Fernando Thome Jucá

This study investigated the energy recovery potential of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) from the Pernambuco Supply and Logistics Center (CEASA-PE) through anaerobic digestion (AD), aiming to increase biomethane production by using different inoculum mixtures and recirculating stabilized liquid biofertilizer (BIO). Combinations of digestate (R3), cattle rumen content (RU), and sewage sludge (SS) were tested using a mixture experimental design based on the simplex-centroid method and response surface methodology, which allowed us to systematically evaluate the interactions between the inocula and identify optimal proportions to produce biomethane. The experiments were conducted in an Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS II) under mesophilic conditions, with an inoculum-to-substrate ratio of 2:1 on a volatile solids (VS) basis and an organic load of 3.0384 g VS. The combination of 25% BIO and 75% RU provided the highest biomethane yield, reaching 453.1 NmL/g VS, approximately four times higher than the positive control. The mixture of 25% BIO and 75% R3 resulted in 256.7 NmL/g VS, about 2.5 times the control. The first-order and modified Gompertz kinetic models showed good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, the statistical modeling revealed that the special cubic model obtained the best fit (R² ~0.98, E_RMSE ~8.07 NmL/g VS), demonstrating significant synergistic effects between the components. Additionally, based on the amount of FVW generated at CEASA-PE, a deterministic analysis of potential generation of 124 MWh per month in electricity was performed. The probabilistic analysis via Monte Carlo simulation estimated an electricity generation potential of approximately 1.0 GWh/a for CEASA-PE. The results confirm the technical and energetic viability of using optimized inoculum mixtures for the valorization of urban organic waste in decentralized systems.

本研究研究了来自Pernambuco供应和物流中心（CEASA-PE）的水果和蔬菜废物（FVWs）通过厌氧消化（AD）的能量回收潜力，旨在通过使用不同的接种混合物和循环稳定的液体生物肥料（BIO）来增加生物甲烷的产量。采用基于简单质心法和响应面法的混合试验设计，对消化液（R3）、牛瘤胃含量（RU）和污水污泥（SS）的组合进行了测试，从而系统地评估了接种剂之间的相互作用，并确定了产生生物甲烷的最佳比例。实验在中亲氧条件下的自动甲烷电位测试系统（AMPTS II）中进行，在挥发性固体（VS）的基础上，接种物与底物的比例为2:1，有机负荷为3.0384 g VS. 25% BIO和75% RU的组合提供了最高的生物甲烷产量，达到453.1 NmL/g VS，约为阳性对照的4倍。25% BIO和75% R3的混合物产生256.7 NmL/g VS，约为对照的2.5倍。一阶和修正的Gompertz动力学模型与实验数据吻合较好。此外，统计建模结果显示，特殊立方模型拟合最佳（R2 ~0.98, ERMSE ~8.07 NmL/g VS），表明各组分之间具有显著的协同效应。此外，根据CEASA-PE产生的FVW数量，对每月124兆瓦时的潜在发电量进行了确定性分析。通过蒙特卡罗模拟的概率分析估计，CEASA-PE的发电潜力约为1.0 GWh/a。结果证实了在分散系统中使用优化的接种混合物进行城市有机废物增殖的技术和能量可行性。

{"title":"Improving biomethane production from co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste through inoculum mixtures and recirculation of liquid biofertilizer","authors":"Daniela dos Santos Santana, Jonathan da Cunha Teixeira, Maria Odete Holanda Mariano, José Fernando Thome Jucá","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00302-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00302-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the energy recovery potential of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) from the Pernambuco Supply and Logistics Center (CEASA-PE) through anaerobic digestion (AD), aiming to increase biomethane production by using different inoculum mixtures and recirculating stabilized liquid biofertilizer (BIO). Combinations of digestate (R3), cattle rumen content (RU), and sewage sludge (SS) were tested using a mixture experimental design based on the simplex-centroid method and response surface methodology, which allowed us to systematically evaluate the interactions between the inocula and identify optimal proportions to produce biomethane. The experiments were conducted in an Automatic Methane Potential Test System (AMPTS II) under mesophilic conditions, with an inoculum-to-substrate ratio of 2:1 on a volatile solids (VS) basis and an organic load of 3.0384 g VS. The combination of 25% BIO and 75% RU provided the highest biomethane yield, reaching 453.1 NmL/g VS, approximately four times higher than the positive control. The mixture of 25% BIO and 75% R3 resulted in 256.7 NmL/g VS, about 2.5 times the control. The first-order and modified Gompertz kinetic models showed good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, the statistical modeling revealed that the special cubic model obtained the best fit (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ~0.98, <i>E</i><sub>RMSE</sub> ~8.07 NmL/g VS), demonstrating significant synergistic effects between the components. Additionally, based on the amount of FVW generated at CEASA-PE, a deterministic analysis of potential generation of 124 MWh per month in electricity was performed. The probabilistic analysis via Monte Carlo simulation estimated an electricity generation potential of approximately 1.0 GWh/a for CEASA-PE. The results confirm the technical and energetic viability of using optimized inoculum mixtures for the valorization of urban organic waste in decentralized systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"613 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-026-00302-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valorization of waste barbecue ash and bamboo biochar as sustainable scaffolds for high-conductivity phase change materials 废弃烧烤灰和竹制生物炭作为高导电性相变材料可持续支架的价值评价

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00304-2

Chaoen Li, Chengzhi Guo, Xiaodong Wen, JingJing Shao, Wei Cai, Jiayu Wu, Mei Zhao, Yin Tang, Meng Wang, Dongjing Liu, Yang He, Jiang Wu

This study develops high-performance shape-stabilized phase change materials (SSPCMs) by valorizing waste bamboo charcoal ash (BCA) and bamboo biochar (BB) as porous scaffolds. N-octadecane was encapsulated via vacuum infiltration, with expanded graphite (EG) added to enhance thermal conductivity. Characterization results reveal that BCA’s mesoporous structure (average pore diameter: 9.46 nm) enables a superior phase change material (PCM) loading of 55% (mass fraction) compared to BB (50%). The optimized composites exhibit high latent heat capacities (up to 124.2 J/g) and a tenfold increase in thermal conductivity (reaching 1.68 W/(m·K)). Notably, the BCA-based SSPCMs demonstrate excellent thermal reliability, maintain stability after 600 thermal cycles, and reduce supercooling by 36% due to the nucleation effect of inorganic ash residues. This work offers a sustainable, low-cost pathway for converting biomass waste into efficient energy storage materials.

Graphical abstract

本研究通过对废竹炭灰分（BCA）和竹生物炭（BB）作为多孔支架进行活化，开发了高性能的形状稳定相变材料（SSPCMs）。采用真空浸渍法对正十八烷进行包封，并加入膨胀石墨（EG）增强其导热性。表征结果表明，BCA的介孔结构（平均孔径为9.46 nm）使其相变材料（PCM）的负载比BB（50%）高55%（质量分数）。优化后的复合材料具有较高的潜热容（高达124.2 J/g），导热系数提高了10倍（达到1.68 W/(m·K)）。值得注意的是，基于bca的SSPCMs表现出优异的热可靠性，在600次热循环后仍保持稳定性，并且由于无机灰渣的成核作用，过冷性降低了36%。这项工作为将生物质废物转化为高效的储能材料提供了一个可持续的、低成本的途径。图形抽象

{"title":"Valorization of waste barbecue ash and bamboo biochar as sustainable scaffolds for high-conductivity phase change materials","authors":"Chaoen Li, Chengzhi Guo, Xiaodong Wen, JingJing Shao, Wei Cai, Jiayu Wu, Mei Zhao, Yin Tang, Meng Wang, Dongjing Liu, Yang He, Jiang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00304-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00304-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops high-performance shape-stabilized phase change materials (SSPCMs) by valorizing waste bamboo charcoal ash (BCA) and bamboo biochar (BB) as porous scaffolds. N-octadecane was encapsulated via vacuum infiltration, with expanded graphite (EG) added to enhance thermal conductivity. Characterization results reveal that BCA’s mesoporous structure (average pore diameter: 9.46 nm) enables a superior phase change material (PCM) loading of 55% (mass fraction) compared to BB (50%). The optimized composites exhibit high latent heat capacities (up to 124.2 J/g) and a tenfold increase in thermal conductivity (reaching 1.68 W/(m·K)). Notably, the BCA-based SSPCMs demonstrate excellent thermal reliability, maintain stability after 600 thermal cycles, and reduce supercooling by 36% due to the nucleation effect of inorganic ash residues. This work offers a sustainable, low-cost pathway for converting biomass waste into efficient energy storage materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"645 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening and characterization of microbial consortia for biodegradation of high-salt and high-oil food waste 高盐高油食物垃圾生物降解菌群的筛选与表征

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00294-1

Meng Wang, Lirong Xia, Minghui Yang, Hua Yang, Zhongsheng Tang, Yebao Chen, Siming Zhu, Junlin Wu

Food waste, characterized by high salinity and oil content, resists biodegradation, making conventional disposal methods inefficient. This study aimed to screen microbial strains tolerant to these conditions to enhance degradation efficiency. Strains were isolated from food waste, followed by gradient screening for salt/oil tolerance and amylase activity. Four efficient degraders were obtained: Kocuria sp. (M1-1), Raoultella ornithinolytica (M3-2), Candida tropicalis (Y4-2), and Trichosporon sp. (Y4-4), all exhibiting high stress tolerance, amylase production, and emulsifying ability. In simulated fermentation, the bacterial-fungal consortium (bacteria:fungi=1:2; 2% inoculum) achieved a high dry weight reduction within five days, with the E₄/E₆ ratio indicating resource recovery potential. This tailored consortium synergistically degrades high-salt-oil food waste, providing key microbial resources and a scientific basis for advancing industrial-scale biotreatment and green waste-management strategies.

Graphic Abstract

食物垃圾的特点是高盐度和含油量，难以生物降解，使传统的处理方法效率低下。本研究旨在筛选耐这些条件的微生物菌株，以提高降解效率。从食物垃圾中分离菌株，然后进行盐/油耐受性和淀粉酶活性梯度筛选。获得了4种高效降解菌：Kocuria sp. （M1-1）、Raoultella ornithinolytica （M3-2）、Candida tropicalis （Y4-2）和Trichosporon sp. (Y4-4)，均表现出较高的抗逆性、淀粉酶产量和乳化能力。在模拟发酵中，细菌-真菌联合体（细菌：真菌=1:2；接种量2%）在5天内实现了较高的干重减少，E4/E6比值表明资源回收潜力。这个量身定制的联盟协同降解高盐油食物垃圾，为推进工业规模的生物处理和绿色废物管理战略提供关键的微生物资源和科学基础。图形抽象

{"title":"Screening and characterization of microbial consortia for biodegradation of high-salt and high-oil food waste","authors":"Meng Wang, Lirong Xia, Minghui Yang, Hua Yang, Zhongsheng Tang, Yebao Chen, Siming Zhu, Junlin Wu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00294-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00294-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food waste, characterized by high salinity and oil content, resists biodegradation, making conventional disposal methods inefficient. This study aimed to screen microbial strains tolerant to these conditions to enhance degradation efficiency. Strains were isolated from food waste, followed by gradient screening for salt/oil tolerance and amylase activity. Four efficient degraders were obtained: <i>Kocuria</i> sp. (M1-1), <i>Raoultella ornithinolytica</i> (M3-2), <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (Y4-2), and <i>Trichosporon</i> sp. (Y4-4), all exhibiting high stress tolerance, amylase production, and emulsifying ability. In simulated fermentation, the bacterial-fungal consortium (bacteria:fungi=1:2; 2% inoculum) achieved a high dry weight reduction within five days, with the E<sub>4</sub>/E<sub>6</sub> ratio indicating resource recovery potential. This tailored consortium synergistically degrades high-salt-oil food waste, providing key microbial resources and a scientific basis for advancing industrial-scale biotreatment and green waste-management strategies.</p><h3>Graphic Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"599 - 612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermo-kinetic and reactivity analysis of rice husk and its macromolecular constituents during thermochemical conversion for sustainable valorization 稻壳及其大分子成分在热化学转化过程中的热动力学和反应性分析

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00297-y

Hamado Ouedraogo, Yohan Richardson, María González Martínez, Sayon dit Sadio Sidibe, Ange Nzihou

Rice husk (RH), an abundant agricultural by-product, offers significant potential for sustainable energy generation and material recovery due to its lignocellulosic composition and high silica content. We conducted a detailed thermo-kinetic analysis of RH under inert and oxidative atmospheres. Initial characterization showed that RH is primarily composed of cellulose (56.6%, mass fraction), lignin (30.3%), and hemicellulose (7.5%), with a high ash content (25.2%) dominated by silica (SiO₂: 254086.65 mg/kg). This makes RH a valuable source of amorphous silica, though it may cause slagging, fouling, and maintenance challenges in high-temperature thermochemical systems. Under combustion, oxygen accelerated devolatilization, resulting in higher mass loss, lower activation energies (99.09–114.95 kJ/mol), and faster kinetics compared to pyrolysis (hemicellulose: 4.06–29.17 kJ/mol; cellulose: 158.80–188.71 kJ/mol; lignin: 61.43–79.81 kJ/mol). Thermodynamic analysis indicated that oxidation promoted more ordered transition states and reduced energy barriers, enhancing the conversion efficiency. Performance indices were introduced to evaluate combustibility, ignition, and reactor safety. During pyrolysis, RH components transitioned from diffusion- or nucleation-controlled kinetics at low conversions to reaction-order control at higher conversions. Combustion initially followed chemical control, shifted to diffusion-limited kinetics as char and ash accumulated, and reverted to chemical control during residual carbon oxidation. Lignin displayed complex, multi-step kinetics under both conditions. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of RH thermal behavior, supporting the design of more efficient and safer thermochemical systems and valorization strategies, including energy recovery, biochar, syngas generation, and amorphous silica extraction for sustainable bio-based industries.

Graphical abstract

稻壳是一种丰富的农业副产品，由于其木质纤维素成分和高硅含量，稻壳在可持续能源生产和材料回收方面具有巨大的潜力。我们在惰性气氛和氧化气氛下对RH进行了详细的热动力学分析。初步表征表明，RH主要由纤维素（56.6%，质量分数）、木质素（30.3%）和半纤维素（7.5%）组成，以二氧化硅（SiO2: 254086.65 mg/kg）为主，灰分含量高（25.2%）。这使得RH成为无定形二氧化硅的宝贵来源，尽管它可能在高温热化学系统中导致结渣、结垢和维护挑战。在燃烧过程中，氧气加速了脱挥发过程，与热解过程（半纤维素：4.06-29.17 kJ/mol；纤维素：158.80-188.71 kJ/mol；木质素：61.43-79.81 kJ/mol）相比，其质量损失更高，活化能更低（99.09-114.95 kJ/mol），动力学更快。热力学分析表明，氧化促进了更有序的过渡态，降低了能垒，提高了转化效率。引入了性能指标来评价可燃性、点火性和反应堆安全性。在热解过程中，RH组分从低转化率时的扩散或成核控制动力学转变为高转化率时的反应顺序控制动力学。燃烧最初遵循化学控制，随着炭和灰分的积累转向扩散限制动力学，并在残余碳氧化期间恢复到化学控制。两种条件下木质素均表现出复杂的多步动力学。这些结果提供了对RH热行为的全面理解，支持设计更高效、更安全的热化学系统和增值策略，包括能源回收、生物炭、合成气生成和无定形二氧化硅萃取，用于可持续的生物基工业。图形抽象

{"title":"Thermo-kinetic and reactivity analysis of rice husk and its macromolecular constituents during thermochemical conversion for sustainable valorization","authors":"Hamado Ouedraogo, Yohan Richardson, María González Martínez, Sayon dit Sadio Sidibe, Ange Nzihou","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00297-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00297-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice husk (RH), an abundant agricultural by-product, offers significant potential for sustainable energy generation and material recovery due to its lignocellulosic composition and high silica content. We conducted a detailed thermo-kinetic analysis of RH under inert and oxidative atmospheres. Initial characterization showed that RH is primarily composed of cellulose (56.6%, mass fraction), lignin (30.3%), and hemicellulose (7.5%), with a high ash content (25.2%) dominated by silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>: 254086.65 mg/kg). This makes RH a valuable source of amorphous silica, though it may cause slagging, fouling, and maintenance challenges in high-temperature thermochemical systems. Under combustion, oxygen accelerated devolatilization, resulting in higher mass loss, lower activation energies (99.09–114.95 kJ/mol), and faster kinetics compared to pyrolysis (hemicellulose: 4.06–29.17 kJ/mol; cellulose: 158.80–188.71 kJ/mol; lignin: 61.43–79.81 kJ/mol). Thermodynamic analysis indicated that oxidation promoted more ordered transition states and reduced energy barriers, enhancing the conversion efficiency. Performance indices were introduced to evaluate combustibility, ignition, and reactor safety. During pyrolysis, RH components transitioned from diffusion- or nucleation-controlled kinetics at low conversions to reaction-order control at higher conversions. Combustion initially followed chemical control, shifted to diffusion-limited kinetics as char and ash accumulated, and reverted to chemical control during residual carbon oxidation. Lignin displayed complex, multi-step kinetics under both conditions. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of RH thermal behavior, supporting the design of more efficient and safer thermochemical systems and valorization strategies, including energy recovery, biochar, syngas generation, and amorphous silica extraction for sustainable bio-based industries.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"547 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxic effects of benzotriazole (BTA) in corrosion inhibitor wastewater on photosynthesis and metabolic pathways of Chlorella pyrenoidosa 缓蚀剂废水中苯并三唑（BTA）对核核小球藻光合作用和代谢途径的毒性影响

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00298-x

Dongwei Jia, Jun Cheng, Junchen Xu, Shiwei Qin, Xiangbo Zou, Mumin Rao, Ying Liu, Wanlin Liu, Ruhan Guo

To reutilize corrosion inhibitor wastewater in various industries for microalgae cultivation, the toxic effects of benzotriazole (BTA), a common and refractory pollutant, on photosynthesis and metabolic pathways of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were first investigated. When the BTA concentration increased from 0 to 400 mg/L, C. pyrenoidosa cells became more wrinkled and broken. This structural damage led to an increase in cell fractal dimensions, a higher ratio of cell fragments, and elevated levels of humic-like substances in soluble extracellular polymeric substances. Due to the toxicity of BTA, both superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased substantially, indicating severe lipid peroxidation. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, proteomic analysis was employed, revealing that BTA significantly downregulated key components like the D1 protein and photosynthetic antenna pathways. Consequently, when exposed to higher BTA concentrations (≥300 mg/L), the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic oxygen release rates markedly decreased. Furthermore, the synthesis of pigments was severely inhibited at these concentrations, resulting in a drastic reduction in overall microalgal biomass production. Instead, upregulated DNA replication and sulfur assimilation indicated the activation of cellular tolerance mechanisms under moderate stress. However, exposure to 100 mg/L BTA exhibited lower toxicity toward chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment synthesis, leading to a marginal decrease in biomass production rather than severe inhibition. Therefore, wastewater containing low concentrations of BTA can be effectively utilized for practical microalgae cultivation.

Graphical abstract

为了将不同行业的缓蚀剂废水用于微藻培养，研究了常见难降解污染物苯并三唑（BTA）对小球藻（C. pyrenoidosa）光合作用和代谢途径的毒性影响。当BTA浓度从0 ~ 400 mg/L增加时，C. pyrenoidosa细胞皱褶增多、破裂。这种结构损伤导致细胞分形维数增加，细胞碎片比例增加，可溶性细胞外聚合物质中腐殖质样物质水平升高。由于BTA的毒性作用，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著升高，表明脂质过氧化严重。为了阐明潜在的机制，蛋白质组学分析显示BTA显著下调了D1蛋白和光合天线通路等关键成分。因此，当暴露于较高BTA浓度（≥300 mg/L）时，叶绿素荧光参数和光合氧释放率显著降低。此外，在这些浓度下，色素的合成受到严重抑制，导致微藻生物量的总体产量急剧下降。相反，DNA复制和硫同化的上调表明，在中等胁迫下，细胞耐受机制被激活。然而，暴露于100 mg/L BTA对叶绿素荧光和光合色素合成的毒性较低，导致生物量产量轻微下降，而不是严重抑制。因此，含有低浓度BTA的废水可以有效地用于实际微藻培养。图形抽象

{"title":"Toxic effects of benzotriazole (BTA) in corrosion inhibitor wastewater on photosynthesis and metabolic pathways of Chlorella pyrenoidosa","authors":"Dongwei Jia, Jun Cheng, Junchen Xu, Shiwei Qin, Xiangbo Zou, Mumin Rao, Ying Liu, Wanlin Liu, Ruhan Guo","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00298-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00298-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reutilize corrosion inhibitor wastewater in various industries for microalgae cultivation, the toxic effects of benzotriazole (BTA), a common and refractory pollutant, on photosynthesis and metabolic pathways of <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> (<i>C. pyrenoidosa</i>) were first investigated. When the BTA concentration increased from 0 to 400 mg/L, <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> cells became more wrinkled and broken. This structural damage led to an increase in cell fractal dimensions, a higher ratio of cell fragments, and elevated levels of humic-like substances in soluble extracellular polymeric substances. Due to the toxicity of BTA, both superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased substantially, indicating severe lipid peroxidation. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, proteomic analysis was employed, revealing that BTA significantly downregulated key components like the D1 protein and photosynthetic antenna pathways. Consequently, when exposed to higher BTA concentrations (≥300 mg/L), the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic oxygen release rates markedly decreased. Furthermore, the synthesis of pigments was severely inhibited at these concentrations, resulting in a drastic reduction in overall microalgal biomass production. Instead, upregulated DNA replication and sulfur assimilation indicated the activation of cellular tolerance mechanisms under moderate stress. However, exposure to 100 mg/L BTA exhibited lower toxicity toward chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment synthesis, leading to a marginal decrease in biomass production rather than severe inhibition. Therefore, wastewater containing low concentrations of BTA can be effectively utilized for practical microalgae cultivation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"627 - 643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of non-fired bricks from granite washing sludge and other solid wastes by hydration reaction 花岗岩洗涤污泥及其它固体废物水化反应制备免烧结砖

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-026-00291-4

Zilong Zeng, Xiaohong Chen, Tingting Xiao, Hong Zhou, Zhiquan Pan, Hanjun Wu, Xuyang Fan

The present study utilized granite washing sludge (GWS) as the primary raw material, supplemented by quicklime (CaO), cement, phosphogypsum, and silica fume for the preparation of non-fired bricks. At the optimum ratio of GWS:CaO:cement:phosphogypsum:silica fume of 55:5:5:25:10, the non-fired bricks produced after 28 d of natural curing, reached a compressive strength of 15.04 MPa with a density of 1580 kg/m³ and a hollow ratio of 0.93%, having a higher stability with only 2% strength loss after soaking in water for 4 d. The compressive strength reached 17.80 MPa after 35 d. These properties meet the requirements for the MU15 strength grade specified in standard JC/T 422-2007. The hydration process was effectively described by the Avrami model, revealing a transition from an initial reaction-controlled stage to a subsequent diffusion-controlled stage. Microstructural and chemical characterization were obtained through microstructural and chemical characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that GWS, synergistically interacting with multiple supplementary solid wastes, undergoes crystalline phase reconstruction. This process leads to the formation of interlaced platy, needle/rod-like crystalline phases of ettringite (AFt), calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C–A–S–H). These microstructures interpenetrate and are tightly bonded within the geopolymeric network of the non-fired bricks, enhancing their mechanical strength while effectively immobilizing the heavy metal constituents within the brick matrix.

Graphical abstract

本研究以花岗岩洗涤污泥（GWS）为主要原料，辅以生石灰（CaO）、水泥、磷石膏和硅灰制备免烧结砖。的最佳比率千瓦:曹:水泥:磷石膏:55:5:5:25:10硅灰,不燃砖生产后28 d自然固化,抗压强度达到15.04 MPa的密度1580 kg / m3和空心率为0.93%,有更高的稳定性只有2%强度损失在水浸泡后4 d。35 d后的抗压强度达到17.80 MPa。这些属性满足需求MU15强度等级中指定标准JC / T 422 - 2007。Avrami模型有效地描述了水化过程，揭示了从最初的反应控制阶段到随后的扩散控制阶段的过渡。通过x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）、导数热重分析（DTG）、扫描电镜（SEM）等微观结构和化学表征手段，获得了样品的微观结构和化学表征。结果表明，GWS与多种补充固体废物协同作用，发生结晶相重构。这一过程导致钙矾石（AFt）、水合硅酸钙（C-S-H）和水合硅酸铝钙（C-A-S-H）的交错板状、针状/棒状结晶相的形成。这些微观结构相互渗透，并在非烧结砖的地聚合物网络中紧密结合，提高了它们的机械强度，同时有效地固定了砖基体中的重金属成分。图形抽象

{"title":"Preparation of non-fired bricks from granite washing sludge and other solid wastes by hydration reaction","authors":"Zilong Zeng, Xiaohong Chen, Tingting Xiao, Hong Zhou, Zhiquan Pan, Hanjun Wu, Xuyang Fan","doi":"10.1007/s42768-026-00291-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-026-00291-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study utilized granite washing sludge (GWS) as the primary raw material, supplemented by quicklime (CaO), cement, phosphogypsum, and silica fume for the preparation of non-fired bricks. At the optimum ratio of GWS:CaO:cement:phosphogypsum:silica fume of 55:5:5:25:10, the non-fired bricks produced after 28 d of natural curing, reached a compressive strength of 15.04 MPa with a density of 1580 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and a hollow ratio of 0.93%, having a higher stability with only 2% strength loss after soaking in water for 4 d. The compressive strength reached 17.80 MPa after 35 d. These properties meet the requirements for the MU15 strength grade specified in standard JC/T 422-2007. The hydration process was effectively described by the Avrami model, revealing a transition from an initial reaction-controlled stage to a subsequent diffusion-controlled stage. Microstructural and chemical characterization were obtained through microstructural and chemical characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that GWS, synergistically interacting with multiple supplementary solid wastes, undergoes crystalline phase reconstruction. This process leads to the formation of interlaced platy, needle/rod-like crystalline phases of ettringite (AFt), calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C–A–S–H). These microstructures interpenetrate and are tightly bonded within the geopolymeric network of the non-fired bricks, enhancing their mechanical strength while effectively immobilizing the heavy metal constituents within the brick matrix.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"8 3","pages":"677 - 694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0