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Plant Sex Influences Cadmium Detoxification via Mediating Cadmium Transport and Cell Wall Modification Under Different Nitrogen Forms. 不同氮素形态下植物性别通过介导镉转运和细胞壁修饰影响镉脱毒。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70050
Liyun Ye, Di Zhang, Qihang Yang, Chengwei Pan, Yudan Xie, Keying Liu, Kemin Wang, Miao Liu

Although the link between cadmium (Cd) and N availability has been studied, the mechanisms of Cd transport and detoxification in dioecious plants remain underexplored. This study examined sex-specific Cd transport, accumulation, and cell wall detoxification in Populus cathayana using histochemical assays, ecophysiological measures, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and transcriptomic analyses. Bark accumulated 85% Cd in the shoots of both sexes, while leaf Cd was highest in females under NH4 + supply. Root Cd accumulation was greater with NO3 - than NH4 +, with 40%-60% of Cd sequestrated in cell walls, more so in males. In root cell walls, 60% of Cd was bound to pectin, and 30% was sequestrated in hemicellulose 1. Females sequestrated root Cd by increasing saccharide content, while males enhanced pectin demethylation to bind Cd in cell walls, especially under NO3 - supply. In females under NH4 + supply, endogenous nitric oxide (NO) burst decreased root Cd uptake and cell wall accumulation. In males, endogenous NO upregulated the expression of genes related to Cd transport, detoxification, and cell wall biosynthesis. In conclusion, plant sex adjusted their Cd detoxification strategies in response to the changed soil nutrient availability. Understanding the sex-specific detoxification strategies facilitated to the engineering application to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils.

虽然镉(Cd)与氮有效性之间的联系已被研究,但Cd在雌雄异株植物中的转运和解毒机制仍未得到充分探讨。本研究通过组织化学分析、生态生理测量、能量色散x射线微分析和转录组学分析,研究了中国白杨(Populus cathayana)的性别特异性Cd转运、积累和细胞壁解毒。在NH4 +条件下,雌雄植株茎部累积Cd达85%,叶片累积Cd以雌性植株最高。NO3 -处理的根Cd积累量大于NH4 +处理,40% ~ 60%的Cd被固存于细胞壁中,雄性更明显。在根细胞壁中,60%的Cd与果胶结合,30%的Cd与半纤维素1相隔离。雌性通过增加糖含量来固定根Cd,而雄性通过增强果胶去甲基化来结合细胞壁中的Cd,特别是在NO3 -供应的情况下。在NH4 +胁迫下,内源性一氧化氮(NO)的爆发降低了根系对Cd的吸收和细胞壁的积累。在雄性中,内源性NO上调了与镉转运、解毒和细胞壁生物合成相关的基因的表达。综上所述,植物性别会根据土壤养分有效性的变化调整其Cd解毒策略。了解性别特异性解毒策略有助于重金属污染土壤修复的工程应用。
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引用次数: 0
Cell-type-specific response to silicon treatment in soybean leaves revealed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing and targeted gene editing 单核RNA测序和靶向基因编辑揭示大豆叶片对硅处理的细胞类型特异性反应
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70309
Vikas Devkar, Leonidas D'Agostino, Arjun Ojha Kshetry, Yi Chen, Kaushik Ghose, Yong-Villalobos Lenin, Altafhusain B. Nadaf, V. P. Thirumalaikumar, Aleksandra Skirycz, Humira Sonah, Jianxin Ma, Robert M. Stupar, Anthony J. Miller, Luis Herrera-Estrella, Rupesh Deshmukh, Gunvant B. Patil

Mineral nutrient uptake and deposition profoundly influence plant development, stress resilience, and productivity. Silicon (Si), though classified as a non-essential element, significantly influences a plant's physiology, particularly in fortifying defense responses and mitigating stress. While the genetic and molecular mechanisms of Si uptake and transport are well studied in monocots, particularly rice, their role in dicot species, such as soybean, remains unclear at the cellular and molecular levels. In this study, we utilized single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to dissect cellular responses to Si accumulation in soybean leaves. We identified distinct cellular populations, including a unique Si-induced or Si-associated cell cluster within vascular cells, suggesting a specialized mechanism of Si distribution. Si treatment notably induced the expression of defense-related genes, with a pronounced enrichment in vascular cells, underscoring their pivotal role in activating plant defense mechanisms. Moreover, Si modulated the expression of genes involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis, salicylic acid, and immune receptor signaling, suggesting transcriptional priming of genes involved in defense responses. Further investigation of Si transporters revealed precise expression of an Si efflux gene in epidermal cells in response to Si treatment. We also validated the role of efflux Si transporters using a Xenopus oocyte assay and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of composite soybean plant roots. This study provides critical insights into the biotic stress regulatory networks influenced by Si treatment in soybean leaves at the single-cell level, thus laying the foundation for enhancing stress tolerance through optimized mineral nutrient uptake.

矿质养分的吸收和沉积对植物的发育、抗逆性和生产力有着深远的影响。硅(Si)虽然被归类为非必需元素,但对植物的生理有重要影响,特别是在加强防御反应和减轻压力方面。虽然硅吸收和运输的遗传和分子机制在单子植物,特别是水稻中得到了很好的研究,但它们在双子植物,如大豆中的作用在细胞和分子水平上仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们利用单核RNA测序(snRNA-seq)来解剖大豆叶片中硅积累的细胞反应。我们发现了不同的细胞群,包括血管细胞内独特的硅诱导或硅相关的细胞簇,表明硅分布的特殊机制。Si处理显著诱导了防御相关基因的表达,并在维管细胞中显著富集,强调了它们在激活植物防御机制中的关键作用。此外,硅还调节了参与植物抗菌素生物合成、水杨酸和免疫受体信号传导的基因的表达,表明参与防御反应的基因转录启动。对硅转运体的进一步研究表明,在硅处理下,表皮细胞中有一个硅外排基因的精确表达。我们还利用非洲爪蟾卵母细胞测定和复合大豆植物根系的CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑验证了外排Si转运体的作用。本研究在单细胞水平上对Si处理对大豆叶片生物胁迫调控网络的影响提供了重要的认识,从而为通过优化矿质养分吸收来增强胁迫耐受性奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding the Root Economics Space With Root Nitrogen Reallocation. 利用根系氮素再分配扩大根系经济空间。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70051
Ying Zhang, Ruzhen Wang, Kaili Xue, Feike A Dijkstra, Jordi Sardans, Heyong Liu, Matthias C Rillig, Josep Peñuelas, Xingguo Han, Yong Jiang

Harnessing root nitrogen reallocation (RNR) to enhance plant productivity commences with positioning RNR in the root economics space, about which we still know little. We conducted an inclusive synthesis linking RNR to root traits, combined with a 2-year 15N-labelling field experiment, to position RNR in the root economics space under acidification. RNR was negatively correlated with specific root length (SRL) and mycorrhizal colonisation in the synthesis, suggesting that RNR is a conservative trait. Sedges, grasses and forbs coordinated root traits (e.g., RD and SRL) from acquisitive to conservative and from low to high RNR reliance (and vice versa for their direct root N uptake) in the 15N-tracing experiment. Along the collaboration gradient, mycorrhizal symbiosis contributed more to N acquisition in grasses and forbs than in sedges, correlating inversely with SRL but remaining orthogonal to RD and RNR, thus partially reflecting the root economics space. Specifically, sedges and forbs exhibited the lowest and highest RNR that increased and decreased with acidification, respectively. Grasses associated well with mycorrhizal fungi, showing moderate RNR and root traits. Our results demonstrated the significance of RNR in plant growth, and the need to consider RNR as a conservative trait.

利用根系氮素再分配(RNR)来提高植物生产力,首先要在根系经济学空间中定位RNR,但我们对其知之甚少。我们进行了一项将RNR与根系性状联系起来的综合研究,并结合为期2年的15n标记田间试验,以确定酸化条件下RNR在根系经济空间中的位置。在合成过程中,RNR与特定根长(SRL)和菌根定植呈负相关,表明RNR是一种保守性状。在15n追踪实验中,莎草、禾草和草本植物的根系性状(如RD和SRL)从获取到保守,从低到高依赖RNR(反之亦然)。在协同梯度上,菌根共生对禾本科和蕨类植物氮素吸收的贡献大于莎草,与SRL呈负相关,与RD和RNR呈正交关系,部分反映了根系经济空间。其中,莎草和牧草的RNR最低、最高,随酸化程度的增加而增加、降低。禾本科与菌根真菌有良好的亲和性,表现出中等的RNR和根系性状。我们的研究结果证明了RNR在植物生长中的重要意义,需要将RNR视为一种保守性状。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-Elemental Analysis for Geographical Tracing of Chickpeas Produced in Nearby Locations Around a Protected Geographical Indication. 地理标志保护产地鹰嘴豆地理溯源的多元素分析。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70047
Ana Sayago, Raúl González-Domínguez, Ángeles Fernández-Recamales

The multi-elemental profile has repeatedly been proposed as a reliable indicator of the geographical origin of plant-derived foods, as mineral composition accurately reflects the local soil geochemistry and environmental factors. However, this approach may fail in distinguishing specimens from nearby locations, which are expected to be exposed to similar geoclimatic conditions. Herein, we studied 70 chickpea samples collected in four southwestern Spanish provinces, two located within the Protected Geographical Indication 'Garbanzo de Escacena' (i.e., Huelva and Sevilla), as well as other two boundary areas (i.e., Cádiz and Córdoba). Then, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry was employed to simultaneously determine 31 trace elements and 16 rare-earth elements. Interestingly, we found great similarities in the mineral content of chickpeas cultivated in the regions ascribed to the Protected Geographical Indication, but these could be clearly discriminated from the rest of the samples. Afterward, the application of state-of-the-art machine learning tools provided predictive models with good performance in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the combination of multi-elemental analysis and advanced chemometrics could be a powerful strategy for food authentication and traceability according to the geographical origin.

由于矿物成分准确地反映了当地土壤地球化学和环境因素,多元素剖面已多次被提出作为植物性食物地理来源的可靠指标。然而,这种方法可能无法区分来自附近地点的标本,这些地点预计将暴露在类似的地理气候条件下。在此,我们研究了在西班牙西南部四个省收集的70个鹰嘴豆样本,其中两个位于受保护地理标志“Garbanzo de Escacena”(即韦尔瓦和塞维利亚),以及另外两个边界地区(即Cádiz和Córdoba)。然后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定了31种微量元素和16种稀土元素。有趣的是,我们发现在地理标志保护地区种植的鹰嘴豆的矿物质含量非常相似,但这些可以从其他样品中明显区分出来。随后,应用最先进的机器学习工具提供了在分类精度、灵敏度和特异性方面具有良好性能的预测模型。总之,我们已经证明了多元素分析和先进化学计量学的结合可能是一种强有力的食品认证和根据地理来源可追溯的策略。
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引用次数: 0
New insights into bryophyte arabinogalactan-proteins from a hornwort and a moss model organism 一种角苔和一种苔藓模式生物对苔藓植物阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白的新认识
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70312
Kim-Kristine Mueller, Lukas Pfeifer, Linus Wegner, Katrin Ehlers, Birgit Classen

Two bryophyte models, the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis (Anthoceros) and the moss Physcomitrium patens (Physcomitrium), were analyzed for the presence of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), as the emergence of these signaling glycoproteins in evolution is still under debate. AGPs of both species had a galactan core structure similar to that of other bryophyte and fern AGPs, but different from angiosperm AGPs, as 1,6-linked pyranosidic galactose was almost absent. In the Physcomitrium AGP, furanosidic arabinose (Araf) linkages were mainly terminal (10%) or 5-linked (13%), while in Anthoceros, terminal Araf dominated (26%) and was accompanied by very low amounts of 1,3-Araf and pyranosidic terminal Ara. Unusual 3-O-methylated pyranosidic rhamnose, which has never been detected in cell walls of angiosperms, occurred in both bryophyte AGPs (5% in Anthoceros, 10% in Physcomitrium AGP). This was comparable to AGPs of other spore-producing land plants. A bioinformatic search in the genomes of 14 bryophyte species revealed that most hornworts lack sequences encoding GPI-anchored classical AGPs. Generally, hornworts contained fewer sequences for AGP protein backbones compared with the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the moss P. patens. All of them comprise sequences for chimeric AGPs, and among those, surprisingly xylogen-like AGPs. Homologous sequences encoding glycosyltransferases and other enzymes involved in the synthesis and decoration of the AGP galactan framework were present in all bryophyte genomes. Immunocytochemistry of Anthoceros tissue detected AGPs at the plasma membrane/cell wall interface but also at the tonoplast, suggesting new functions of AGPs in bryophytes.

由于这些信号糖蛋白在进化过程中的出现仍存在争议,我们分析了两种苔藓植物模型——角苔Anthoceros agrestis (Anthoceros)和苔藓Physcomitrium patens (Physcomitrium)——是否存在阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白(AGPs)。两种AGPs的核心结构与其他苔藓植物和蕨类AGPs相似,但与被子植物AGPs不同,几乎不含1,6-链pyransidic半乳糖。在Physcomitrium AGP中,furanosidic arabinose (Araf)以末端连接为主(10%)或5连接为主(13%),而在Anthoceros中,末端Araf占主导地位(26%),并伴有极少量的1,3-Araf和吡喃苷末端Ara。在被子植物细胞壁中从未检测到异常的3- o甲基化pyranosidic鼠李糖,在两种苔藓植物AGP中均出现(Anthoceros中为5%,Physcomitrium AGP中为10%)。这与其他产孢子陆地植物的agp相当。通过对14种苔藓植物基因组的生物信息学研究发现,大多数角苔缺乏编码gpi锚定经典AGPs的序列。一般而言,角苔的AGP蛋白主干序列少于地茅和苔藓。它们都包含嵌合AGPs的序列,其中令人惊讶的是,类似木原的AGPs。所有苔藓植物基因组中都存在编码糖基转移酶和其他参与AGP半乳框架合成和修饰的酶的同源序列。花椒组织免疫细胞化学检测到AGPs存在于质膜/细胞壁界面,也存在于叶绿体,提示AGPs在苔藓植物中的新功能。
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引用次数: 0
MDR1 DNA glycosylase regulates the expression of genomically imprinted genes and Helitrons MDR1 DNA糖基化酶调控基因组印迹基因和helitron的表达
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70304
Kaitlin Higgins, Jonathan Gent, Sarah Anderson

Targeted demethylation by DNA glycosylases (DNGs) results in differential methylation between parental alleles in the endosperm, which drives imprinted expression. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on endosperm derived from DNG mutant mdr1 and wild-type (WT) endosperm. Consistent with the role of DNA methylation in gene silencing, we find 108 genes and 96 TEs differentially expressed (DE) transcripts that lost expression in the hypermethylated mdr1 mutant. Compared with other endosperm transcripts, the mdr1 targets are enriched for TEs (particularly Helitrons), and DE genes are depleted for both core genes and GO term assignments, suggesting that the majority of DE transcripts are TEs and pseudo-genes. By comparing DE genes to imprinting calls from prior studies, we find that the majority of DE genes have maternally biased expression, and approximately half of all maternally expressed genes (MEGs) are DE in this study. In contrast, no paternally expressed genes (PEGs) are DE. DNG-dependent imprinted genes are distinguished by maternal demethylation and expression primarily in the endosperm, so we also performed Enzymatic Methyl-seq on hybrids to identify maternal demethylation and utilized a W22 gene expression atlas to identify genes expressed primarily in the endosperm. Overall, approximately ⅔ of all MEGs show evidence of regulation by DNGs. Taken together, this study solidifies the role of MDR1 in the regulation of maternally expressed, imprinted genes and TEs and identifies subsets of genes with DNG-independent imprinting regulation.

DNA糖基酶(DNGs)的靶向去甲基化导致胚乳亲本等位基因之间的甲基化差异,从而驱动印迹表达。在这里,我们对DNG突变体mdr1和野生型(WT)胚乳进行了RNA测序。与DNA甲基化在基因沉默中的作用一致,我们发现108个基因和96个TEs差异表达(DE)转录本在高甲基化的mdr1突变体中失去表达。与其他胚乳转录本相比,mdr1靶基因对于TEs(尤其是helitron)是富集的,而DE基因对于核心基因和GO term赋值都是缺失的,这表明大多数DE转录本是TEs和伪基因。通过将DE基因与先前研究的印迹呼叫进行比较,我们发现大多数DE基因具有母系偏表达,并且在本研究中,大约一半的母系表达基因(meg)是DE。相比之下,没有父本表达基因(peg)是DE依赖的印迹基因。dng依赖的印迹基因是通过母体去甲基化和主要在胚乳中表达来区分的,因此我们还对杂交后代进行了酶促甲基化测序来鉴定母体去甲基化,并利用W22基因表达图谱来鉴定主要在胚乳中表达的基因。总体而言,大约三分之二的meg显示出dng监管的证据。综上所述,本研究明确了MDR1在母系表达、印迹基因和TEs调控中的作用,并鉴定了与dng无关的印迹调控基因亚群。
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引用次数: 0
The E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFEDL3 mediates salt stress response by degradation of IbPP2CA2 to regulate ABA signaling in sweetpotato E3泛素连接酶SCFEDL3通过降解IbPP2CA2调控甘薯ABA信号,介导盐胁迫反应
IF 6.2 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.70307
Dandan Wang, Chengyang Li, Weihan Song, Wei Tang, Yuyu Chen, Meng Kou, Runfei Gao, Tianqi Gao, Chen Li, Hui Yan, Aicen Zhang, Xin Wang, Yungang Zhang, Qiang Li

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a critical role as a signaling molecule, mediating adaptive responses of plants to salt stress. However, the orchestration of ABA signaling in response to salt stress in sweetpotato remains poorly understood. In this study, we cloned a gene of unknown function, IbEDL3, which is significantly upregulated in sweetpotato under salt stress conditions. Transgenic sweetpotato plants overexpressing IbEDL3 exhibited enhanced proline accumulation, reaction oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, stomatal closure, and Na+ efflux compared with wild-type (WT) plants under salt stress. Further investigation revealed that IbEDL3 interacts with IbSKP1-1, forming part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFEDL3 complex. Although IbEDL3 interacted with IbABI1, IbABI2, and IbPP2CA2, the SCFEDL3 complex only ubiquitinated and degraded IbPP2CA2. Under salt stress, SCFEDL3 accelerated the ubiquitination and degradation of IbPP2CA2, leading to the release of more IbSnRK2.6, which further promoted ABA signaling to regulate stomatal closure, proline accumulation and Na+ efflux. Inhibition of IbPP2CA2 resulted in enhanced salt tolerance in sweetpotato. Collectively, the SCFIbEDL3-IbPP2CA2 module provides insight into the mechanisms underlying ABA signaling in response to salt stress and offers a new avenue for genetic improvement of salt tolerance in sweetpotato.

植物激素脱落酸(ABA)作为一种信号分子,在植物对盐胁迫的适应性反应中起着至关重要的作用。然而,甘薯在盐胁迫下ABA信号的调控机制仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们克隆了一个功能未知的基因IbEDL3,该基因在盐胁迫条件下在甘薯中显著上调。与野生型(WT)植物相比,过表达IbEDL3的转基因甘薯在盐胁迫下表现出脯氨酸积累、活性氧(ROS)清除、气孔关闭和Na+外排的增强。进一步的研究表明,IbEDL3与IbSKP1-1相互作用,形成E3泛素连接酶SCFEDL3复合物的一部分。虽然IbEDL3与IbABI1、IbABI2和IbPP2CA2相互作用,但SCFEDL3复合物仅泛素化和降解IbPP2CA2。在盐胁迫下,SCFEDL3加速了IbPP2CA2的泛素化和降解,导致IbSnRK2.6的释放增加,进而促进ABA信号通路调节气孔关闭、脯氨酸积累和Na+外排。抑制IbPP2CA2导致甘薯耐盐性增强。总的来说,SCFIbEDL3-IbPP2CA2模块提供了ABA信号响应盐胁迫的机制,并为甘薯耐盐性的遗传改良提供了新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Safety Margins and Peak Leaf Temperatures Predict Vulnerability of Diverse Plant Species to an Experimental Heatwave. 热安全边际和叶峰值温度预测不同植物物种对实验热浪的脆弱性。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70041
Diana Cox, Renée M Marchin, David S Ellsworth, Agnieszka Wujeska-Klause, Alessandro Ossola, Kristine Y Crous, Michelle R Leishman, Paul D Rymer, Mark G Tjoelker

Extreme heat can push plants beyond their thermal safety margin (TSM) if maximum leaf temperature (Tleaf_max) exceeds leaf critical temperature (Tcrit). The TSM is potentially useful for assessing heat vulnerability across species but needs further validation, so we exposed 50 tree/shrub species in controlled glasshouses to a 6-day heatwave (peak air temperature = 41°C). Many species increased their mean Tcrit during the heatwave (42%), with ΔTcrit ranging from +1°C to 4°C, but other species did not acclimate or were impaired by heat stress (58%). Species Tleaf_max explained ~55% of the variation in species Tcrit and was a key correlate of the plasticity of Tcrit among species. Species with high ΔTcrit also had higher ΔTleaf_max, with leaves being 7°‒12°C hotter during the heatwave than under baseline conditions. Both Tleaf_max and TSMs were correlated with heatwave damage across diverse species from contrasting climate zones. Species differences in TSMs were stable across measurement temperatures, correctly identified the most vulnerable species, and were strongly associated with Tleaf_max. Our results suggest that (1) Tleaf_max alone is more informative than Tcrit for ranking species heat tolerance, and (2) species vulnerability to heatwaves is most reliably assessed by using TSMs that integrate Tleaf_max with Tcrit across species.

当叶片最高温度(Tleaf_max)超过叶片临界温度(Tcrit)时,极端高温会使植物超出其热安全边际(TSM)。TSM对评估不同物种的热脆弱性可能有用,但需要进一步验证,因此我们将50种乔灌木物种暴露在受控温室中6天的热浪中(最高空气温度= 41°C)。许多物种在热浪期间增加了它们的平均温度(42%),ΔTcrit在+1°C到4°C之间,但其他物种没有适应或受到热应激的损害(58%)。物种Tleaf_max解释了物种Tcrit变异的55%,是物种间Tcrit可塑性的关键相关因子。ΔTcrit较高的物种的ΔTleaf_max也较高,在热浪期间叶片温度比基线条件下高7°-12°C。不同气候带不同物种间的Tleaf_max和TSMs均与热浪灾害相关。TSMs的物种差异在不同的测量温度下是稳定的,正确地识别了最脆弱的物种,并且与Tleaf_max密切相关。结果表明:(1)单独使用Tleaf_max对物种耐热性排序的信息量比Tcrit更大;(2)将Tleaf_max与Tcrit结合使用的tsm对物种对热浪的脆弱性评价最可靠。
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引用次数: 0
Overexpression of the Receptor-Like Kinase BIR1 Causes SOBIR1- and EDS1-Dependent Cell Death Phenotypes in Arabidopsis. 受体样激酶BIR1的过表达导致拟南芥中SOBIR1-和eds1依赖性细胞死亡表型
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1111/pce.70036
Irene Guzmán-Benito, Carmen Robinson, Marta Núñez-Salvador, Isabel Punzón, Gustavo Gómez, César Llave

The receptor-like kinase BAK1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 (BIR1) negatively regulates multiple resistance signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies showed that loss of BIR1 function causes extensive cell death and constitutive activation of immune responses. Using a dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible system, we investigated the effects of BIR1 overexpression on plant development and immunity. Overexpression of BIR1, in the absence of microbes or elicitors, led to cell death phenotypes that resembled the effects of BIR1 depletion in knockout plants. We also observed transcriptional outputs that greatly overlap with canonical pathogen-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), suggesting that BIR1 modulates immune responses by influencing both pathways. To investigate the genetic basis of BIR1 phenotypes, we conditionally expressed BIR1 in various Arabidopsis immune mutants including sobir1, bak1, eds1, sid2 and eds5. We found that ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1 (SOBIR1) are necessary for ETI-type cell death seen with BIR1 overexpression. These results support the hypothesis that an excess of BIR1 may be detected by guarding NLR proteins, triggering a cell death response in which SOBIR1 and EDS1 cooperate to transduce signals downstream of R proteins.

受体样激酶bak1 -相互作用受体样激酶1 (BIR1)负调控拟南芥多种抗性信号通路。先前的研究表明,BIR1功能的丧失会导致广泛的细胞死亡和免疫反应的组成性激活。利用地塞米松诱导系统,研究了BIR1过表达对植物发育和免疫的影响。在缺乏微生物或激发子的情况下,BIR1的过表达导致细胞死亡表型,类似于敲除植物中BIR1缺失的影响。我们还观察到转录输出与典型病原体触发免疫和效应触发免疫(ETI)有很大的重叠,这表明BIR1通过影响这两种途径来调节免疫反应。为了研究BIR1表型的遗传基础,我们在拟南芥免疫突变体sobir1、bak1、eds1、sid2和eds5中有条件地表达BIR1。我们发现增强的疾病易感性1 (EDS1)和BIR1-1抑制因子(SOBIR1)对于BIR1过表达的et型细胞死亡是必要的。这些结果支持了一种假设,即过量的BIR1可能通过保护NLR蛋白而被检测到,从而引发细胞死亡反应,其中SOBIR1和EDS1合作转导R蛋白下游的信号。
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引用次数: 0
Sketching T cell atlases in the single-cell era: challenges and recommendations. 绘制单细胞时代的T细胞图谱:挑战和建议。
IF 3.2 4区 医学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.70040
Itana Bojović, António Gg Sousa, Sini Junttila, Laura L Elo

Recent advances in single-cell technologies have enabled the creation of comprehensive cell atlases, reference maps of various cell types within organisms. Here we specifically focus on T cell atlases, which offer a detailed catalog of the adaptive immune system at single-cell resolution. As such, they capture cellular diversity, functional states, and spatial dynamics across tissues, developmental stages, and disease conditions. Given the central role of T cells in orchestrating immune responses, their dysregulation underpins autoimmune disorders, cancer progression and failed immunotherapies. Therefore, a unified T cell atlas is critical for decoding such disease mechanisms, identifying therapeutic targets, and advancing personalized treatments. In this article, we explore the latest advances in T cell atlases, describing breakthroughs in multi-omics technologies, spatial profiling and computational frameworks that resolve transcriptional, epigenetic and proteomic heterogeneity. We also address persistent challenges and highlight strategies to address these gaps. Finally, we discuss emerging frontiers set to reshape our understanding of T cell dynamics in both health and diseases. Together, these insights underscore the transformative potential of T cell atlases in reconstructing precision immunology and accelerating therapeutic innovation.

单细胞技术的最新进展已经能够创建全面的细胞图谱,生物体内各种细胞类型的参考图谱。在这里,我们特别关注T细胞图谱,它提供了单细胞分辨率下适应性免疫系统的详细目录。因此,它们捕获了细胞多样性、功能状态和跨组织、发育阶段和疾病状况的空间动态。鉴于T细胞在协调免疫反应中的核心作用,它们的失调是自身免疫性疾病、癌症进展和免疫治疗失败的基础。因此,统一的T细胞图谱对于解码此类疾病机制、确定治疗靶点和推进个性化治疗至关重要。在本文中,我们探讨了T细胞图谱的最新进展,描述了多组学技术、空间分析和计算框架的突破,这些技术解决了转录、表观遗传和蛋白质组学的异质性。我们还应对持续存在的挑战,并强调解决这些差距的战略。最后,我们讨论了重塑我们对健康和疾病中T细胞动力学的理解的新兴前沿。总之,这些见解强调了T细胞图谱在重建精确免疫学和加速治疗创新方面的变革潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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