Pub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00803
Guijian Zhang, Chengyue Li, Qinghong Zeng, Jingbo Li, Zuyi Du, Tian Geng, Shun He, Jianhong Li, Le Guo, Hu Wan
Cascading regulation of signaling pathways plays a crucial role in insect growth, development, and adaptation. However, how insects employ signaling cascades to regulate detoxification gene expression and enhance resistance is not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the MAPK signaling pathway in mediating nitenpyram resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. qRT-PCR and western-blot analyses revealed that both transcription and protein levels of NlJNK and NlERK were upregulated in the nitenpyram resistant strain, and these changes can be induced by exposure to nitenpyram. Moreover, the expression of P450 genes including NlCYP6ER1, NlCYP302A1, and NlCYP6AY1, which were closely associated with nitenpyram resistance, was significantly decreased following the silencing of NlJNK and NlERK or inhibitor treatments. Further studies showed that NlERK–NlJNK comediated transcription factors NlCREB and NlAP-1 to regulate P450 gene expression. These findings highlight the critical role of the MAPK pathway in N. lugens resistance and offer the potential targets for the insecticide resistance management.
{"title":"JNK-ERK Synergistic Regulation of P450 Gene Expression Confers Nitenpyram Resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)","authors":"Guijian Zhang, Chengyue Li, Qinghong Zeng, Jingbo Li, Zuyi Du, Tian Geng, Shun He, Jianhong Li, Le Guo, Hu Wan","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00803","url":null,"abstract":"Cascading regulation of signaling pathways plays a crucial role in insect growth, development, and adaptation. However, how insects employ signaling cascades to regulate detoxification gene expression and enhance resistance is not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the MAPK signaling pathway in mediating nitenpyram resistance in <i>Nilaparvata lugens</i>. qRT-PCR and western-blot analyses revealed that both transcription and protein levels of NlJNK and NlERK were upregulated in the nitenpyram resistant strain, and these changes can be induced by exposure to nitenpyram. Moreover, the expression of P450 genes including <i>NlCYP6ER1</i>, <i>NlCYP302A1</i>, and <i>NlCYP6AY1</i>, which were closely associated with nitenpyram resistance, was significantly decreased following the silencing of <i>NlJNK</i> and <i>NlERK</i> or inhibitor treatments. Further studies showed that <i>NlERK</i>–<i>NlJNK</i> comediated transcription factors <i>NlCREB</i> and <i>NlAP-1</i> to regulate P450 gene expression. These findings highlight the critical role of the MAPK pathway in <i>N. lugens</i> resistance and offer the potential targets for the insecticide resistance management.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00525
Ali Dai, Zhiguo Zheng, Dengke Ma, Ronghao Wu, You Mo, Liusheng Duan, Weiming Tan
A well-developed root system is a key factor in improving crop quality, as it can absorb water, nourish and resist stress. A series of arylthiourea derivatives were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated in this study. The results indicate that compound A2 significantly promotes rice root growth, exhibiting effects more than twice those of the naphthylacetic acid (NAA). Additionally, A2 enhances dry matter accumulation and increases chlorophyll content, thereby improving the disease resistance of rice. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that compound A2 mimics auxin-like activity, similar to NAA, A2 interacts with SER438 and PHE82, demonstrating strong binding affinity to the auxin receptor TIR1. Moreover, compound A2 upregulates the auxin-responsive gene ARF, promoting cell elongation and accelerating lateral root development, leading to a larger root system in rice. Compound A2 may have application potential as an auxin receptor agonist, providing a molecular basis for the design of root growth regulators.
{"title":"Synthesis, Biological Activity and Mechanism of Action of Pyridine-Containing Arylthiourea Derivatives","authors":"Ali Dai, Zhiguo Zheng, Dengke Ma, Ronghao Wu, You Mo, Liusheng Duan, Weiming Tan","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00525","url":null,"abstract":"A well-developed root system is a key factor in improving crop quality, as it can absorb water, nourish and resist stress. A series of arylthiourea derivatives were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated in this study. The results indicate that compound <b>A2</b> significantly promotes rice root growth, exhibiting effects more than twice those of the naphthylacetic acid (NAA). Additionally, <b>A2</b> enhances dry matter accumulation and increases chlorophyll content, thereby improving the disease resistance of rice. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that compound <b>A2</b> mimics auxin-like activity, similar to NAA, <b>A2</b> interacts with SER438 and PHE82, demonstrating strong binding affinity to the auxin receptor TIR1. Moreover, compound <b>A2</b> upregulates the auxin-responsive gene ARF, promoting cell elongation and accelerating lateral root development, leading to a larger root system in rice. Compound <b>A2</b> may have application potential as an auxin receptor agonist, providing a molecular basis for the design of root growth regulators.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c13144
Chao Guo, Xinquan Wang, Zhenzhen Liu, Huiyu Zhao, Ge Yin, Yuele Lu, Peipei Qi, Zhiwei Wang, Shanshan Di
Pesticide residues on vegetables may affect microbes and metabolites during the fermentation process, leading to effects and potential risks. Here, the enantioselective effects and potential risks of chiral penflufen on pickled cowpea were investigated by using microbiome and metabolomics analyses. Correlation analysis was conducted to construct bacterial–metabolite interaction networks. Penflufen enantiomers were degraded little during the fermentation process. Rac-penflufen treatment significantly decreased the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus while increasing Weissella, but the opposite effects were found in R- and S-penflufen treatments. These shifts were linked to content and functional changes of metabolites. R-/S-/Rac-penflufen upregulated rose aroma metabolites (e.g., β-damascenone), while R- and S-penflufen downregulated floral aroma metabolites (e.g., β-ionone, 2-nonenal) and green leaf aroma metabolites (e.g., (E)-2-hexenal). S-Penflufen reduced alcohols and increased esters more significantly, and altered a higher number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and chiral amino acids than R-penflufen, showing a greater risk to food flavor and nutritional quality.
{"title":"Effects and Potential Risks of Chiral Penflufen on Pickled Cowpea: Combined Microbiome and Metabolomics","authors":"Chao Guo, Xinquan Wang, Zhenzhen Liu, Huiyu Zhao, Ge Yin, Yuele Lu, Peipei Qi, Zhiwei Wang, Shanshan Di","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c13144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c13144","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide residues on vegetables may affect microbes and metabolites during the fermentation process, leading to effects and potential risks. Here, the enantioselective effects and potential risks of chiral penflufen on pickled cowpea were investigated by using microbiome and metabolomics analyses. Correlation analysis was conducted to construct bacterial–metabolite interaction networks. Penflufen enantiomers were degraded little during the fermentation process. <i>Rac</i>-penflufen treatment significantly decreased the relative abundance of <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> while increasing <i>Weissella</i>, but the opposite effects were found in <i>R</i>- and <i>S</i>-penflufen treatments. These shifts were linked to content and functional changes of metabolites. <i>R</i>-/<i>S</i>-/<i>Rac-</i>penflufen upregulated rose aroma metabolites (e.g., β-damascenone), while <i>R</i>- and <i>S-</i>penflufen downregulated floral aroma metabolites (e.g., β-ionone, 2-nonenal) and green leaf aroma metabolites (e.g., (E)-2-hexenal). <i>S</i>-Penflufen reduced alcohols and increased esters more significantly, and altered a higher number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and chiral amino acids than <i>R</i>-penflufen, showing a greater risk to food flavor and nutritional quality.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00234
Dayun Tang, Shuo Qi, Mei Liu, Junsong Yang, Zhouping Wang
Nucleic acid testing is increasingly being utilized in the detection of foodborne pathogens. The implementation of fully automated and enclosed nucleic acid testing systems has the potential to significantly reduce manual labor and testing time for operators. Therefore, the development of such systems has become a focal point in current research. In this study, the focus is on addressing how to achieve fully automated detection at low cost. The research is primarily centered on the design of key functional modules required for the detection process including nucleic acid extraction, heating, and optical detection. The detection process does not require manual supervision or participation and does not require professional technical personnel, thereby reducing the usage cost. By simply adding a sample, it can simultaneously screen and analyze different types of foodborne pathogens, making it advantageous for the analysis and detection of complex samples. The design and manufacturing of the device are cost-effective and highly applicable. By adjusting the reaction program, the fully automated nucleic acid detection device can achieve compatibility with various amplification reactions, demonstrating its broad application prospects in the field of Cronobacter sakazakii analysis.
{"title":"Design of a Fully Automatic Nucleic Acid Detection Device and Its Application in Cronobacter sakazakii Detection","authors":"Dayun Tang, Shuo Qi, Mei Liu, Junsong Yang, Zhouping Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00234","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleic acid testing is increasingly being utilized in the detection of foodborne pathogens. The implementation of fully automated and enclosed nucleic acid testing systems has the potential to significantly reduce manual labor and testing time for operators. Therefore, the development of such systems has become a focal point in current research. In this study, the focus is on addressing how to achieve fully automated detection at low cost. The research is primarily centered on the design of key functional modules required for the detection process including nucleic acid extraction, heating, and optical detection. The detection process does not require manual supervision or participation and does not require professional technical personnel, thereby reducing the usage cost. By simply adding a sample, it can simultaneously screen and analyze different types of foodborne pathogens, making it advantageous for the analysis and detection of complex samples. The design and manufacturing of the device are cost-effective and highly applicable. By adjusting the reaction program, the fully automated nucleic acid detection device can achieve compatibility with various amplification reactions, demonstrating its broad application prospects in the field of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> analysis.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) mediates metabolic resistance to nereistoxin insecticides in lepidopteran pests. A field population of Spodoptera exigua exhibited 50-fold resistance with upregulated SeFMO expression. Using FMO-specific inhibitors, recombinant protein expression, and mass spectrometry, we confirmed that FMO catalyzes N-oxidation of nereistoxin insecticide at the tertiary amine nitrogen. Molecular docking revealed that insect FMO’s catalytic mechanism resembles that of human FMO. Transgenic Drosophila models demonstrated that the FMO-mediated N-oxidation enhances insecticide resistance, indicating evolutionary conservation. This highlights FMO’s role in insecticide detoxification and its conserved function across species, providing new insights into pest resistance mechanisms.
{"title":"Flavin-Containing Monooxygenases Mediate Resistance to Nereistoxin Insecticides in Lepidopteran Pests: Insights into Conserved Tertiary Amine Oxidation Mechanisms","authors":"Cong Rao, Chao Yuan, Wangjin He, Hailiang Guo, Kuitun Liu, Jianfeng Fan, Jianya Su","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c01818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c01818","url":null,"abstract":"This study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) mediates metabolic resistance to nereistoxin insecticides in lepidopteran pests. A field population of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> exhibited 50-fold resistance with upregulated SeFMO expression. Using FMO-specific inhibitors, recombinant protein expression, and mass spectrometry, we confirmed that FMO catalyzes <i>N</i>-oxidation of nereistoxin insecticide at the tertiary amine nitrogen. Molecular docking revealed that insect FMO’s catalytic mechanism resembles that of human FMO. Transgenic <i>Drosophila</i> models demonstrated that the FMO-mediated <i>N</i>-oxidation enhances insecticide resistance, indicating evolutionary conservation. This highlights FMO’s role in insecticide detoxification and its conserved function across species, providing new insights into pest resistance mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prevalent microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyanotoxin, in agricultural fields compromises produce safety and threatens human health. However, little is known about its uptake and accumulation in plant cells and its resultant toxicity mechanisms. This study revealed that the MC-LR uptake into protoplasts was controlled by an active transmembrane transport process mediated by the protein carrier. MC-LR in the plant cells can enlarge the specific mitochondrial permeability transition pores and probably bind with the electron transport chain complex I (especially, NADH oxidoreductase 1, −30.59 kcal/mol of binding energy) and complex III (especially, cytochrome b, −36.98 kcal/mol of binding energy) via hydrophobic force and hydrogen bond. The interactions between MC-LR and the mitochondrial complex proteins block the electron transfer, causing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially for H2O2. The MC-LR-induced ROS destroys the mitochondrial inner membrane structure and decreases the cell viability by 13.6–30.6% in a significant dose-dependent manner at 1–5 mg/L MC-LR stress. The findings provided direct evidence of MC-LR entry into the cells via active plasma membrane transport for the first time and clarified the associations between MC accumulation and its toxicity at cellular and molecular levels, thereby providing crucial insights for ensuring food safety and safeguarding human health.
{"title":"Novel Insights into Microcystin-LR Uptake, Accumulation, and Toxicity Mechanisms in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Using a Protoplast Model","authors":"Yan-Wen Li, Qing-Jun Zheng, Nian-Jue Zheng, Jia-Ze Meng, Bai-Lin Liu, Xiang Liu, Hai-Ming Zhao, Nai-Xian Feng, Quan-Ying Cai, Lei Xiang, Ce-Hui Mo, Qing X. Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c12002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c12002","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalent microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyanotoxin, in agricultural fields compromises produce safety and threatens human health. However, little is known about its uptake and accumulation in plant cells and its resultant toxicity mechanisms. This study revealed that the MC-LR uptake into protoplasts was controlled by an active transmembrane transport process mediated by the protein carrier. MC-LR in the plant cells can enlarge the specific mitochondrial permeability transition pores and probably bind with the electron transport chain complex I (especially, NADH oxidoreductase 1, −30.59 kcal/mol of binding energy) and complex III (especially, cytochrome <i>b</i>, −36.98 kcal/mol of binding energy) via hydrophobic force and hydrogen bond. The interactions between MC-LR and the mitochondrial complex proteins block the electron transfer, causing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The MC-LR-induced ROS destroys the mitochondrial inner membrane structure and decreases the cell viability by 13.6–30.6% in a significant dose-dependent manner at 1–5 mg/L MC-LR stress. The findings provided direct evidence of MC-LR entry into the cells via active plasma membrane transport for the first time and clarified the associations between MC accumulation and its toxicity at cellular and molecular levels, thereby providing crucial insights for ensuring food safety and safeguarding human health.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-23DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c11765
Lei Wang, Fucheng Guo, Jiayuan Zhang, Yating Wang, Yanfa Sun, Yan Li, Qiong Wu
The gel properties of egg white are important functional traits of poultry eggs, yet limited research exists on the utilization of egg whites from local Chinese duck breeds. This study systematically investigated gel properties, ultrastructure, and proteomics of Putian Black Duck (PTEW) and Liancheng White Duck egg whites (LCEW). Results showed that PTEW gels exhibited superior texture properties (hardness, 20.6% higher than LCEW; gumminess, 11.3% higher; chewiness, 11.1% higher; cohesiveness, 7.1% higher) and water holding capacity (7.7% higher). In contrast, LCEW gels were lighter (9.6% higher than PTEW) and whiter (7.3% higher than PTEW). Moreover, LCEW (78 °C) gelation occurred at a higher temperature than PTEW (74 °C). PTEW gels demonstrated a higher relative content of ordered secondary structures (α-helix, 8.6%; β-sheet, 77.3%; 3.7% and 6.2% higher than those of LCEW, respectively) and hydrophobic interactions (56.8%, 9.4% higher than LCEW), enhancing hardness and stability. SEM imaging revealed a denser, more uniform protein network in PTEW. Proteomic analysis identified key proteins, including ovalbumin, ovomucoid, ovalbumin-related protein Y, and ovostatin, as primary contributors to gelation differences. This study offers a comprehensive “properties-structure-substance” understanding of thermal gelation differences between PTEW and LCEW, providing a theoretical basis for utilizing Chinese native duck eggs.
{"title":"Proteomic Analysis of the Differences in Heat-Induced Gel Properties of Egg White between Two Chinese Indigenous Duck Breeds","authors":"Lei Wang, Fucheng Guo, Jiayuan Zhang, Yating Wang, Yanfa Sun, Yan Li, Qiong Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c11765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c11765","url":null,"abstract":"The gel properties of egg white are important functional traits of poultry eggs, yet limited research exists on the utilization of egg whites from local Chinese duck breeds. This study systematically investigated gel properties, ultrastructure, and proteomics of Putian Black Duck (PTEW) and Liancheng White Duck egg whites (LCEW). Results showed that PTEW gels exhibited superior texture properties (hardness, 20.6% higher than LCEW; gumminess, 11.3% higher; chewiness, 11.1% higher; cohesiveness, 7.1% higher) and water holding capacity (7.7% higher). In contrast, LCEW gels were lighter (9.6% higher than PTEW) and whiter (7.3% higher than PTEW). Moreover, LCEW (78 °C) gelation occurred at a higher temperature than PTEW (74 °C). PTEW gels demonstrated a higher relative content of ordered secondary structures (α-helix, 8.6%; β-sheet, 77.3%; 3.7% and 6.2% higher than those of LCEW, respectively) and hydrophobic interactions (56.8%, 9.4% higher than LCEW), enhancing hardness and stability. SEM imaging revealed a denser, more uniform protein network in PTEW. Proteomic analysis identified key proteins, including ovalbumin, ovomucoid, ovalbumin-related protein Y, and ovostatin, as primary contributors to gelation differences. This study offers a comprehensive “properties-structure-substance” understanding of thermal gelation differences between PTEW and LCEW, providing a theoretical basis for utilizing Chinese native duck eggs.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-23DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00528
Jiangping Fan, Mingliang Zhang, Bowen Qi, Hailing Qiu, Xinyu Mi, Guangxin Zhou, Lin Zhang, Xiao Liu, Juan Wang, Xiaohui Wang, Peng-Fei Tu, She-Po Shi
Two novel alkaloids, dahurine G (1) and its epimer dahurine H (2) were isolated from the roots of Angelica dahurica. The planar structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated through a comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). Biomimetic synthesis, initiated with (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine, enabled the unequivocal determination of the absolute configurations of 1 and 2, while also yielding an unnatural analogue (3) as a byproduct. Compounds 1, 2 and the synthetic analogue 3 all contain a distinctive butenolide moiety, which is commonly observed in plant signaling molecules such as strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs). Further experiments demonstrated that all three compounds significantly promote seed germination in both model plants (Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana) and vital crops (Zea mays and Oryza sativa), as well as radicle elongation in Z. mays and O. sativa. The findings suggest that compounds 1–3 may play a significant role in seedling germination and early root development, thereby demonstrating considerable potential for agricultural applications.
{"title":"Characterization and Synthesis of Alkaloidal Butenolides with Seed Germination Stimulating Properties from Angelica dahurica","authors":"Jiangping Fan, Mingliang Zhang, Bowen Qi, Hailing Qiu, Xinyu Mi, Guangxin Zhou, Lin Zhang, Xiao Liu, Juan Wang, Xiaohui Wang, Peng-Fei Tu, She-Po Shi","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00528","url":null,"abstract":"Two novel alkaloids, dahurine G (<b>1</b>) and its epimer dahurine H (<b>2</b>) were isolated from the roots of <i>Angelica dahurica</i>. The planar structures of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were elucidated through a comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). Biomimetic synthesis, initiated with (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>)-4-hydroxyisoleucine, enabled the unequivocal determination of the absolute configurations of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>, while also yielding an unnatural analogue (<b>3</b>) as a byproduct. Compounds <b>1</b>, <b>2</b> and the synthetic analogue <b>3</b> all contain a distinctive butenolide moiety, which is commonly observed in plant signaling molecules such as strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs). Further experiments demonstrated that all three compounds significantly promote seed germination in both model plants (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>) and vital crops (<i>Zea mays</i> and <i>Oryza sativa</i>), as well as radicle elongation in <i>Z. mays</i> and <i>O. sativa</i>. The findings suggest that compounds <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> may play a significant role in seedling germination and early root development, thereby demonstrating considerable potential for agricultural applications.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c13199
Víctor Garrigós, Cecilia Picazo, Lisa Dengler, Jennifer C. Ewald, Emilia Matallana, Agustín Aranda
Acetic acid is a key metabolite in yeast fermentation, influencing wine quality through its role in volatile acidity. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetic acid production involves aldehyde dehydrogenases, primarily Ald6p during fermentation and Ald4p under respiratory conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these enzymes throughout fermentation and how they differ in commonly used strains remain partially unclear. This study explores cytosolic peroxiredoxin Tsa1p as a novel regulator of acetic acid metabolism. TSA1 gene deletion revealed strain-dependent effects on acetic acid metabolism and tolerance, showing reduced production and enhanced consumption in the laboratory media. Under respiration, Ald4p-driven acetic acid production, which raises extracellular pH, was mitigated by the absence of Tsa1p. During wine fermentation, TSA1 deletion decreased the initial acetic acid surge by downregulating the ALD6 transcription and enzymatic activity. These findings establish Tsa1p as a metabolic regulator and a potential target for modulating acetic acid levels to manage volatile acidity and improve wine quality.
{"title":"Cytosolic Peroxiredoxin TSA1 Influences Acetic Acid Metabolism and pH Homeostasis in Wine Yeasts","authors":"Víctor Garrigós, Cecilia Picazo, Lisa Dengler, Jennifer C. Ewald, Emilia Matallana, Agustín Aranda","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c13199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c13199","url":null,"abstract":"Acetic acid is a key metabolite in yeast fermentation, influencing wine quality through its role in volatile acidity. In <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, acetic acid production involves aldehyde dehydrogenases, primarily Ald6p during fermentation and Ald4p under respiratory conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these enzymes throughout fermentation and how they differ in commonly used strains remain partially unclear. This study explores cytosolic peroxiredoxin Tsa1p as a novel regulator of acetic acid metabolism. <i>TSA1</i> gene deletion revealed strain-dependent effects on acetic acid metabolism and tolerance, showing reduced production and enhanced consumption in the laboratory media. Under respiration, Ald4p-driven acetic acid production, which raises extracellular pH, was mitigated by the absence of Tsa1p. During wine fermentation, <i>TSA1</i> deletion decreased the initial acetic acid surge by downregulating the <i>ALD6</i> transcription and enzymatic activity. These findings establish Tsa1p as a metabolic regulator and a potential target for modulating acetic acid levels to manage volatile acidity and improve wine quality.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c12283
Qiongqiong Zhou, Shaobo Wu, Liyuan Xing, Zhihui Wang, Xinying Zhang, Fen Zhang, Liping Weng, Jihua Tang, Renliang Zhao, Long Wang
Humic acids (HAs), tea polyphenols (TPs), and fulvic acids (FAs) are bioactive substances known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and plant growth-promoting properties. However, the chemical structures and molecular mechanisms underlying their growth-promoting effects remain unclear. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that FA has the most aromatic and oxygen-containing groups, followed by HA and TP, with a molecular weight ranking of HA > TP > FA. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that these biostimulants unregulated genes related to IAA, C and N metabolism, and pathogen resistance, leading to enhanced synthesis of amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugars while improving N and P utilization efficiency. Small molecular weight and aromatic compounds with carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl (especially those with high O/C or (O + H)/C ratios) are crucial for stimulating hormone synthesis and nutrient uptake. These findings provide valuable insights into developing novel fertilizers and artificially regulating humic substances.
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Biostimulants in Promoting Tomato Seedling Growth: Linking Chemical Structure to Physiologic Function","authors":"Qiongqiong Zhou, Shaobo Wu, Liyuan Xing, Zhihui Wang, Xinying Zhang, Fen Zhang, Liping Weng, Jihua Tang, Renliang Zhao, Long Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c12283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c12283","url":null,"abstract":"Humic acids (HAs), tea polyphenols (TPs), and fulvic acids (FAs) are bioactive substances known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and plant growth-promoting properties. However, the chemical structures and molecular mechanisms underlying their growth-promoting effects remain unclear. Solid-state <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that FA has the most aromatic and oxygen-containing groups, followed by HA and TP, with a molecular weight ranking of HA > TP > FA. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that these biostimulants unregulated genes related to IAA, C and N metabolism, and pathogen resistance, leading to enhanced synthesis of amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugars while improving N and P utilization efficiency. Small molecular weight and aromatic compounds with carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl (especially those with high O/C or (O + H)/C ratios) are crucial for stimulating hormone synthesis and nutrient uptake. These findings provide valuable insights into developing novel fertilizers and artificially regulating humic substances.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：