To analyze the impact of urban socioeconomic and demographic factors on fire occurrences and predict fire occurrences according to each factor, this study analyzed the correlation between “Korean social indicators” and fire occurrences. Based on this, a fire prediction model was built based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP). For this purpose, data on social indicators and the number of fires by city, county, and district from 2015 to 2022 were collected, and the correlation between social indicators and fire occurrences were analyzed. Based on the correlation analysis results, two models were built to predict fires using 15 factors (Model 1) and 5 factors (Model 2). The mean absolute percentage error of the models were 26.37% (Model 1) and 30.92% (Model 2), confirming the usability of the fire prediction model based on the multi-layer perceptron using social indicators.
{"title":"Prediction of Fire Occurrences Based on Multi-layer Perceptron Using Social Indicators","authors":"Chu Zhang, Won-Hwa Hong, Young-Hoon Bae","doi":"10.7731/kifse.9ccb98be","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.9ccb98be","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the impact of urban socioeconomic and demographic factors on fire occurrences and predict fire occurrences according to each factor, this study analyzed the correlation between “Korean social indicators” and fire occurrences. Based on this, a fire prediction model was built based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP). For this purpose, data on social indicators and the number of fires by city, county, and district from 2015 to 2022 were collected, and the correlation between social indicators and fire occurrences were analyzed. Based on the correlation analysis results, two models were built to predict fires using 15 factors (Model 1) and 5 factors (Model 2). The mean absolute percentage error of the models were 26.37% (Model 1) and 30.92% (Model 2), confirming the usability of the fire prediction model based on the multi-layer perceptron using social indicators.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, to conduct a comprehensive fire risk assessment (FRA) considering the fire coping capacity (FCC) of individuals and communities, we analyzed the FCC based on household composition, a factor influencing FCC, through a survey. Statistical analysis was employed to examine the impact of household composition on fire damage with the aim of proposing the feasibility of an FRA incorporating FCC. The survey results indicated a statistically significant difference in the FCC based on household composition, with a higher individual fire response capability in multi-person households and an elevated community FCC in single-person households. Furthermore, the statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between the number of single-person households and the occurrence of fire incidents and casualties. In conclusion, this study explored the potential of FCC in FRA by drawing insights from the survey and correlation analysis results.
{"title":"The Effect of Household Composition on Fire Coping Capacity and Fire Damage","authors":"Chu Zhang, Won-Hwa Hong, Young-Hoon Bae","doi":"10.7731/kifse.76230382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.76230382","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, to conduct a comprehensive fire risk assessment (FRA) considering the fire coping capacity (FCC) of individuals and communities, we analyzed the FCC based on household composition, a factor influencing FCC, through a survey. Statistical analysis was employed to examine the impact of household composition on fire damage with the aim of proposing the feasibility of an FRA incorporating FCC. The survey results indicated a statistically significant difference in the FCC based on household composition, with a higher individual fire response capability in multi-person households and an elevated community FCC in single-person households. Furthermore, the statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between the number of single-person households and the occurrence of fire incidents and casualties. In conclusion, this study explored the potential of FCC in FRA by drawing insights from the survey and correlation analysis results.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"136 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to contribute to the preparation of an action plan for improving the quality of life of firefighters by examining how mental health and social capital as perceived by firefighters affect their quality of life. For this purpose, this study conducted a survey using purposive sampling, targeting 111 firefighting officers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The survey results show that mental health (β = -.475, p < .001) and trust (β = .254, p < .01) and network(β = .248, p < .05) out of the sub-variables of social capital of firefighters have a significant influence on the quality of life. Based on the results, this study suggested various action plans to improve the quality of life of firefighters while supporting their mental health and social capital.
{"title":"Effects of the Mental Health and Social Capital of Firefighters on Quality of Life","authors":"Hee-Chul Choi","doi":"10.7731/kifse.6961c9d7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.6961c9d7","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to contribute to the preparation of an action plan for improving the quality of life of firefighters by examining how mental health and social capital as perceived by firefighters affect their quality of life. For this purpose, this study conducted a survey using purposive sampling, targeting 111 firefighting officers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The survey results show that mental health (β = -.475, p < .001) and trust (β = .254, p < .01) and network(β = .248, p < .05) out of the sub-variables of social capital of firefighters have a significant influence on the quality of life. Based on the results, this study suggested various action plans to improve the quality of life of firefighters while supporting their mental health and social capital.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"43 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, as social infrastructure has become more complex, disasters have become large-scale and difficult to predict. Responding to disasters using the existing equipment is challenging because of this complexity. In this situation, the demand for robotic technology to reduce human casualties and respond effectively to disasters is gradually increasing. To increase the field usability of disaster response robots, not only the distribution of robots but also the development of appropriate robot training methods should be conducted in parallel. This study proposes a disaster response robot operator training method and quantitatively verifies its effectiveness. To increase the proficiency of trainees, we propose a training method involving sequential beginner, intermediate, and advanced training stages. To quantitatively verify the effectiveness of the training, the experimental group was divided into three groups: control, general test, and MR test, and the results were confirmed through ANOVA.
{"title":"A Study on Quantitative Evaluation Methods for Measurement of Disaster Response Robot Operator Proficiency, and Verification of Training Effectiveness using ANOVA","authors":"Su-han Lee, Seong Jin Yun, Seung-Sub Oh","doi":"10.7731/kifse.bce42a47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.bce42a47","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, as social infrastructure has become more complex, disasters have become large-scale and difficult to predict. Responding to disasters using the existing equipment is challenging because of this complexity. In this situation, the demand for robotic technology to reduce human casualties and respond effectively to disasters is gradually increasing. To increase the field usability of disaster response robots, not only the distribution of robots but also the development of appropriate robot training methods should be conducted in parallel. This study proposes a disaster response robot operator training method and quantitatively verifies its effectiveness. To increase the proficiency of trainees, we propose a training method involving sequential beginner, intermediate, and advanced training stages. To quantitatively verify the effectiveness of the training, the experimental group was divided into three groups: control, general test, and MR test, and the results were confirmed through ANOVA.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a smoldering cotton fire test was conducted in accordance with ISO 7240-7 to analyze the smoke/aerosols and combustion products that occur during a cotton fire that are crucial flammable components of multi-unit dwellings. The results of the smoldering cotton fire experiment comparing ODM and ASD based on the concentration standard of 15 %/m, which are the operating concentrations of the fire detection of type-2 smoke detectors, indicated a delay of approximately 2∼4 min in the ASD fire detection time. In addition, in the case of the smoldering fire, the CO concentrations appeared to be 37 ppm and 62 ppm at the ASD1,2 fire detector operating concentrations, resulting in high concentrations of combustion gas. Furthermore, in the case of a smoldering fire rather than a flame fire, despite a large amount of smoke/aerosol and gas owing to incomplete combustion because of the lack of buoyancy, it did not flow into the smoke detector chamber and was not distributed on the ceiling; this required a long time to detect the fire. Accordingly, smoke detector operation tests for various smoke/aerosols must be conducted in Korea to meet the international standards of firefighting technology.
{"title":"Study on the Response Characteristics of Smoke Detectors Based on the ISO 7240-7 Smoldering Cotton Fire","authors":"Su-Gil Choi, Yool Choi, Si-Kuk Kim","doi":"10.7731/kifse.e9975f8f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.e9975f8f","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a smoldering cotton fire test was conducted in accordance with ISO 7240-7 to analyze the smoke/aerosols and combustion products that occur during a cotton fire that are crucial flammable components of multi-unit dwellings. The results of the smoldering cotton fire experiment comparing ODM and ASD based on the concentration standard of 15 %/m, which are the operating concentrations of the fire detection of type-2 smoke detectors, indicated a delay of approximately 2∼4 min in the ASD fire detection time. In addition, in the case of the smoldering fire, the CO concentrations appeared to be 37 ppm and 62 ppm at the ASD1,2 fire detector operating concentrations, resulting in high concentrations of combustion gas. Furthermore, in the case of a smoldering fire rather than a flame fire, despite a large amount of smoke/aerosol and gas owing to incomplete combustion because of the lack of buoyancy, it did not flow into the smoke detector chamber and was not distributed on the ceiling; this required a long time to detect the fire. Accordingly, smoke detector operation tests for various smoke/aerosols must be conducted in Korea to meet the international standards of firefighting technology.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study grafts fire safety manager education to augmented reality technology to increase the familiarity of fire safety managers with facility inspection and operation based on the automatic fire alarm system that plays the most critical role in early fire situations. To design the education and training content, the Korea Fire Safety Institute, which educates and trains fire safety managers, arranges the training content in the textbooks provided to actual fire safety managers and sets the sequence of operating principles and inspection methods. The purpose is to provide fire safety managers with realistic inspection methods and practice opportunities by implementing them in augmented reality. The education and training program allows learning about automatic fire alarm systems in the following order: structure and operating principles → inspection and practice → assessment. In structure and operating principles, fire safety managers can acquaint themselves with the role of automatic fire alarm systems and facility components and circuit tests according to operation principles. During inspection and practice, at least three inspection methods are learned for each facility. Finally, the assessment refers to the actual evaluation and achievement standards of the Korea Fire Safety Institute, checking a facility in a given mission without guidance or explanation based on the aspects learned in inspection and practice. In addition, it reviews the aspects learned in theory by including a quiz during inspection to improve proficiency by setting it up to be applied in practice.
{"title":"Development of an Education and Training System Based on Augmented Reality to Improve the Firefighting Facility Maintenance Ability of Fire Safety Managers","authors":"Yool Choi, Si-Kuk Kim","doi":"10.7731/kifse.577c1ce7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.577c1ce7","url":null,"abstract":"This study grafts fire safety manager education to augmented reality technology to increase the familiarity of fire safety managers with facility inspection and operation based on the automatic fire alarm system that plays the most critical role in early fire situations. To design the education and training content, the Korea Fire Safety Institute, which educates and trains fire safety managers, arranges the training content in the textbooks provided to actual fire safety managers and sets the sequence of operating principles and inspection methods. The purpose is to provide fire safety managers with realistic inspection methods and practice opportunities by implementing them in augmented reality. The education and training program allows learning about automatic fire alarm systems in the following order: structure and operating principles → inspection and practice → assessment. In structure and operating principles, fire safety managers can acquaint themselves with the role of automatic fire alarm systems and facility components and circuit tests according to operation principles. During inspection and practice, at least three inspection methods are learned for each facility. Finally, the assessment refers to the actual evaluation and achievement standards of the Korea Fire Safety Institute, checking a facility in a given mission without guidance or explanation based on the aspects learned in inspection and practice. In addition, it reviews the aspects learned in theory by including a quiz during inspection to improve proficiency by setting it up to be applied in practice.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"110 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we evaluated the compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity based on the temperature and age of ordinary aggregate and lightweight aggregate concrete (30 and 60 MPa) and examined their correlation. The unit weight and compressive strength of ordinary aggregate and lightweight aggregate concrete were measured to evaluate the mechanical properties and examine the correlation between ultrasonic velocity and compressive strength. The W/B ratio was set at 0.41 and 0.28, and measurements were made at 1, 3, 7, 28, 56, and 91 days. The physical properties were evaluated at 23, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 700 ℃. In all test specimens, compressive strength and ultrasonic speed increased with age; and the higher the temperature, the lower the compressive strength and ultrasonic speed. By analyzing the correlation between ultrasonic velocity and compressive strength, a strength prediction equation in the form of an exponential function was found. Moreover, from the error rate test, we confirmed that the strength prediction equation generally had an error rate of 15% or less.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Properties of High Strength Lightweight Concrete with High Temperature History","authors":"Hajun Im, Wonchang Kim, Keesin Jeong, Tae-Gye Lee","doi":"10.7731/kifse.24bac260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.24bac260","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we evaluated the compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity based on the temperature and age of ordinary aggregate and lightweight aggregate concrete (30 and 60 MPa) and examined their correlation. The unit weight and compressive strength of ordinary aggregate and lightweight aggregate concrete were measured to evaluate the mechanical properties and examine the correlation between ultrasonic velocity and compressive strength. The W/B ratio was set at 0.41 and 0.28, and measurements were made at 1, 3, 7, 28, 56, and 91 days. The physical properties were evaluated at 23, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 700 ℃. In all test specimens, compressive strength and ultrasonic speed increased with age; and the higher the temperature, the lower the compressive strength and ultrasonic speed. By analyzing the correlation between ultrasonic velocity and compressive strength, a strength prediction equation in the form of an exponential function was found. Moreover, from the error rate test, we confirmed that the strength prediction equation generally had an error rate of 15% or less.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study developed an education and training scenario to improve the ability of fire safety managers to recognize situations during a fire and induce evacuation. By reflecting on the characteristics of evacuation facilities and the occupants of multi-occupancy buildings, a scenario similar to that of a real situation was designed through unexpected situations that could occur during actual evacuation induction. Each evacuation facility in the scenario was developed by applying additional methods considering the factors influencing the evacuation in the previous case, referring to Article 4 (1) of the adaptability of evacuation equipment according to the installation location of firefighting objects. The developed scenario was a multi-occupancy building with four basement levels and 50 floors above the ground with a piloti structure and was designed based on the order of evacuation initiation → induction of evacuation → gather at the evacuation site → rescue recipient state report. The details were designed to be applied to practical training by assigning elements that can occur in real situations by causing evacuation using evacuation facilities according to the number of fire floors, assigning situations through various characteristics of occupants, and inserting role conflict elements through unexpected situations. By conducting practical and feasible education for fire safety managers, they can flexibly cope with unexpected situations that may occur in the process of inducing occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire while on duty and improve their skills in using evacuation facilities.
{"title":"Development of Education and Training Scenarios to Improve the Ability of Fire Safety Managers to Realize Situations and Induce Evacuation in Case of Fire","authors":"Yool Choi, Si-Kuk Kim","doi":"10.7731/kifse.35f7848f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.35f7848f","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed an education and training scenario to improve the ability of fire safety managers to recognize situations during a fire and induce evacuation. By reflecting on the characteristics of evacuation facilities and the occupants of multi-occupancy buildings, a scenario similar to that of a real situation was designed through unexpected situations that could occur during actual evacuation induction. Each evacuation facility in the scenario was developed by applying additional methods considering the factors influencing the evacuation in the previous case, referring to Article 4 (1) of the adaptability of evacuation equipment according to the installation location of firefighting objects. The developed scenario was a multi-occupancy building with four basement levels and 50 floors above the ground with a piloti structure and was designed based on the order of evacuation initiation → induction of evacuation → gather at the evacuation site → rescue recipient state report. The details were designed to be applied to practical training by assigning elements that can occur in real situations by causing evacuation using evacuation facilities according to the number of fire floors, assigning situations through various characteristics of occupants, and inserting role conflict elements through unexpected situations. By conducting practical and feasible education for fire safety managers, they can flexibly cope with unexpected situations that may occur in the process of inducing occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire while on duty and improve their skills in using evacuation facilities.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to outline a verification plan for domestic scenarios using the sandwich pressurization method. We employed four methods: T.A.B, hot smoke test, FDS, and pathfinder. T.A.B and fire and evacuation simulation did not exhibit any issues. However, the smoke flow was observed in both the upper and lower layers during the H.S.T. Evacuation safety was confirmed through simulation, including the adequacy of the procedure. Nonetheless, the introduction of smoke in the hot smoke test highlighted the need for enhancements to the sandwich pressurization method. Consequently, the hot smoke test, alongside T.A.B and fire and evacuation simulations, will enhance verification standards for the sandwich pressurization method.
{"title":"Study on the Performance of Sandwich Pressurization System","authors":"Hee-Moon Kim, Han-bit Choi, Don-mook Choi","doi":"10.7731/kifse.3728da4e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.3728da4e","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to outline a verification plan for domestic scenarios using the sandwich pressurization method. We employed four methods: T.A.B, hot smoke test, FDS, and pathfinder. T.A.B and fire and evacuation simulation did not exhibit any issues. However, the smoke flow was observed in both the upper and lower layers during the H.S.T. Evacuation safety was confirmed through simulation, including the adequacy of the procedure. Nonetheless, the introduction of smoke in the hot smoke test highlighted the need for enhancements to the sandwich pressurization method. Consequently, the hot smoke test, alongside T.A.B and fire and evacuation simulations, will enhance verification standards for the sandwich pressurization method.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"29 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the risks were investigated by probabilistic analysis of the effects on the person and structure located around the composite solid propellant when it explodes abnormally. Two types of solid propellants of different sizes and three TNT equivalents of composite propellants were applied to empirical correlation to derive incident pressure and impulse. These were used in probit analysis, and the effects on the person and structure were quantitatively analyzed to determine the risk of solid propellant explosion. The larger the propellant and the more the TNT equivalent, the higher the incident pressure and impulse. Moreover, the amount of propellant had a more significant effect on the impulse than the incident pressure. The effects of the incident pressure and impulse on human were observed to be greater in the order of probability of ruptured eardrums, death from head impact, death from whole-body displacement impact, and death from lung damage. Furthermore, the effects on the structure were observed to be greater in the order of probability of breakage of window, minor damage, major damage, and collapse of the building.
{"title":"Risk Assessment Using Overpressure and Impulse for Abnormal Explosion of Composite Solid Propellants","authors":"G. Hwang, Si-Hyeon Jo, Dong-Hee Kim","doi":"10.7731/kifse.676b9b7c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.676b9b7c","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the risks were investigated by probabilistic analysis of the effects on the person and structure located around the composite solid propellant when it explodes abnormally. Two types of solid propellants of different sizes and three TNT equivalents of composite propellants were applied to empirical correlation to derive incident pressure and impulse. These were used in probit analysis, and the effects on the person and structure were quantitatively analyzed to determine the risk of solid propellant explosion. The larger the propellant and the more the TNT equivalent, the higher the incident pressure and impulse. Moreover, the amount of propellant had a more significant effect on the impulse than the incident pressure. The effects of the incident pressure and impulse on human were observed to be greater in the order of probability of ruptured eardrums, death from head impact, death from whole-body displacement impact, and death from lung damage. Furthermore, the effects on the structure were observed to be greater in the order of probability of breakage of window, minor damage, major damage, and collapse of the building.","PeriodicalId":514545,"journal":{"name":"Fire Science and Engineering","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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