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Submarine volcanism along shallow ridges did not drive Cryogenian cap carbonate formation: REPLY 沿浅海脊的海底火山活动并没有推动低温元古代碳酸盐盖的形成:答复
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1130/g52425y.1
Adriana Dutkiewicz, R. Dietmar Müller
Abstract not available
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Deformation of the Gruithuisen region lava tube under compressional stress on the Moon 月球上格鲁伊图森地区熔岩管在压缩应力作用下的变形
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1130/g52143.1
K.B. Kimi, Harish Harish, K.S. Sharini, Anil Chavan, S. Vijayan
The lava tube in the Gruithuisen region on the Moon is intriguing because it is characterized by a distinctive chain of collapsed pits and raised features, providing an opportunity to understand the potential morphologic deformation of lunar lava tubes under compressional stress. This study aimed to understand the morphological deformation in the Gruithuisen region’s lava tube when subjected to compressional stress. A combination of numerical simulations and morphometric analysis was employed to achieve this objective. The morphometric analysis of different collapsed and raised features associated with a lava tube in the study area revealed eight characteristic morphologies ranging from curvilinear channel-like to elliptical shape. Notably, average normal stress and strain values derived from a wrinkle ridge were found to be ~70 MPa and 2 × 10−3, respectively, and wrinkle ridges exhibited a northward orientation. These quantified parameters were utilized as the foundation for initializing three-dimensional models. Furthermore, the outcomes of the models closely replicated the deformation in the Gruithuisen region, emphasizing the significant role of compressional stress in the deformation of the lava tube. These models suggest that the observed eight unique features associated with the lava tube arise from disparities in displacement magnitude and direction along three axes (x, y, z). Our research sheds light on the structural transformations of lava tubes when subjected to varying compressional stress and enhances understanding of the ways in which the interplay between compressional tectonic activity and lava tube features has shaped the Moon’s surface.
月球上格鲁伊图森地区的熔岩管非常有趣,因为它具有一连串独特的塌陷坑和凸起特征,这为了解月球熔岩管在压缩应力作用下的潜在形态变形提供了机会。本研究旨在了解格鲁伊图森地区熔岩管在受到压缩应力时的形态变形。为实现这一目标,采用了数值模拟和形态分析相结合的方法。通过对研究区域熔岩管相关的不同塌陷和隆起特征进行形态分析,发现了从曲线通道状到椭圆形等八种特征形态。值得注意的是,皱纹脊的平均法向应力和应变值分别为约 70 兆帕和 2 × 10-3,而且皱纹脊呈现出向北的方向。这些量化参数被用作初始化三维模型的基础。此外,模型的结果与格鲁伊图森地区的变形密切相关,强调了压应力在熔岩管变形中的重要作用。这些模型表明,所观测到的与熔岩管相关的八个独特特征是由沿三个轴(x、y、z)的位移大小和方向的差异造成的。我们的研究揭示了熔岩管在不同压应力作用下的结构变化,并加深了对压构造活动与熔岩管特征之间的相互作用如何塑造月球表面的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Submarine volcanism along shallow ridges did not drive Cryogenian cap carbonate formation: COMMENT 沿浅海脊的海底火山活动并没有推动低碳盖碳酸盐的形成:评论
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1130/g52317c.1
Thomas M. Gernon, Thea K. Hincks, Toby Tyrrell, Eelco J. Rohling, Martin R. Palmer
Abstract not available
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
First documentation of Late Paleozoic conodonts from Argentina: Biostratigraphic and paleoclimatic constraints for the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in SW Gondwana 阿根廷晚古生代锥齿动物的首次文献记载:冈瓦纳西南部晚古生代冰期的生物地层学和古气候制约因素
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1130/g52133.1
Gustavo G. Voldman, Gabriela A. Cisterna, Andrea F. Sterren, Miguel Ezpeleta, James E. Barrick
We present the first discovery of Late Paleozoic conodonts in Argentina, marking the southernmost occurrence of this fossil group in the dominantly cold, high latitudes of Gondwana. Recovered from the siliciclastic Río del Peñón (RDP) Formation at the Rincón Blanco section in the northern Precordillera, La Rioja Province, the fossil assemblage includes Neognathodus colombiensis and Neognathodus “pre-colombiensis,” precisely indicating the early Moscovian (late Atokan in North America) N. colombiensis Zone. Furthermore, the conodont fauna establishes a crucial temporal constraint for the brachiopod Tivertonia jachalensis–Streptorhynchus inaequiornatus (TS) Zone, which is a widely employed biostratigraphic unit in southern South America. The warm-water affinity of Neognathodus is in accordance with the record of typical paleoequatorial faunal elements in the TS Zone in several central western Argentinian basins, thus reinforcing the idea of a climatic amelioration in the southern latitudes of Gondwana during the early Moscovian.
我们介绍了在阿根廷首次发现的晚古生代锥齿类化石,标志着这一化石群出现在冈瓦纳寒冷高纬度地区的最南端。该化石群从拉里奥哈省北部 Precordillera 的 Rincón Blanco 段硅质碎屑岩 Río del Peñón(RDP)地层中发现,包括 Neognathodus colombiensis 和 Neognathodus "pre-colombiensis",准确地表明了早 Moscovian(北美阿托坎晚期)N. colombiensis 区。此外,锥齿动物群还为腕足动物 Tivertonia jachalensis-Streptorhynchus inaequiornatus(TS)区建立了重要的时间约束,该区是南美洲南部广泛使用的生物地层单元。Neognathodus的暖水亲缘关系与阿根廷中西部几个盆地中TS区典型的古赤道动物元素记录相吻合,从而加强了冈瓦纳南部纬度地区在早 Moscovian时期气候改善的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Rupture segmentation on the East Anatolian fault (Turkey) controlled by along-strike variations in long-term slip rates in a structurally complex fault system 东安纳托利亚断层(土耳其)的断裂分段由结构复杂的断层系统中长期滑移率的沿走向变化所控制
IF 4.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1130/g52403.1
Binhao Wang, Sylvain Barbot
The East Anatolian fault in Turkey exhibits along-strike rupture segmentation, typically resulting in earthquakes with moment magnitude (Mw) up to 7.5 that are confined to individual segments. However, on 6 February 2023, a catastrophic Mw 7.8 earthquake struck near Kahramanmaraş (southeastern Turkey), defying previous expectations by rupturing multiple segments spanning over 300 km and overcoming multiple geometric complexities. We explore the mechanics of successive single- and multi-segment ruptures using numerical models of the seismic cycle calibrated to historical earthquake records and geodetic observations of the 2023 doublet. Our model successfully reproduces the observed historical rupture segmentation and the rare occurrence of multi-segment earthquakes. The segmentation pattern is influenced by variations in long-term slip rate along strike across the kinematically complex fault network between the Arabian and Anatolian plates. Our physics-based seismic cycle simulations shed light on the long-term variability of earthquake size that shapes seismic hazards.
土耳其的东安纳托利亚断层呈现出沿走向断裂分段的特点,通常会发生矩震级(Mw)不超过 7.5 的地震,且仅限于个别地段。然而,2023 年 2 月 6 日,卡赫拉曼马拉什(土耳其东南部)附近发生了一次 Mw 为 7.8 的灾难性地震,打破了之前的预期,多个地段发生破裂,横跨 300 多公里,并克服了多种几何复杂性。我们根据历史地震记录和 2023 年双联地震的大地测量观测结果,使用地震周期数值模型对单段和多段连续断裂的机理进行了探索。我们的模型成功地再现了观测到的历史断裂分段和罕见的多段地震。分段模式受到阿拉伯板块和安纳托利亚板块之间运动学上复杂的断层网络沿走向长期滑动速率变化的影响。我们基于物理学的地震周期模拟揭示了影响地震灾害的地震规模的长期变化。
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引用次数: 0
Contourite-drift archive links Late Devonian bioevents with periodic anoxic shelf water cascading 轮廓岩漂移档案将晚泥盆世生物事件与周期性缺氧陆架水层叠联系起来
IF 4.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1130/g52117.1
M. A. Gibb, H. Hüneke, Jayant Jadhav, Laura M. Gibb, P. Mehlhorn, Oliver Mayer, Z. S. Aboussalam, R. T. Becker, Ahmed El Hassani, Lahssen Baidder
Analysis of a Devonian contourite depositional system in the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco reveals the formation of widespread erosional hiatuses and organic-rich bioclastic contourites (ORCs) coinciding with the expansion of an anoxic water mass during Frasnian bioevents, ultimately culminating in the Kellwasser crisis (Frasnian-Famennian extinction event). The identified contourite terrace formed on the uppermost slope of the northern passive margin of Gondwana. Its inner part was bounded by an along-slope contourite channel and a small mounded drift at its downslope margin. Facies- and drift-scale contourite features evidence northwest-directed bottom currents driven by repeated overflows of dense, highly saline, anoxic water originating from the northern Gondwana Epicontinental Sea. These periodic overflows were channeled through the Ougarta trough, then deflected westward over the Tafilalt contourite terrace by the Coriolis force and cascaded downslope until reaching a density equilibrium level, probably forming an intermediate water mass. The cascading of dense, anoxic shelf water supports the photic-zone eutrophication (top-down) model proposed for the Kellwasser crisis and related Devonian anoxic events. We propose a direct link between the anoxic overflows and the Devonian evolutionary events.
对摩洛哥反阿特拉斯东部泥盆纪等高线沉积系统的分析表明,在弗拉斯纪生物事件期间,富含有机质的生物碎屑等高线岩(ORCs)的形成与缺氧水团的扩张相吻合,最终导致了凯尔瓦瑟危机(弗拉斯纪-法门纪大灭绝事件)。已确定的等高线阶地形成于冈瓦纳北部被动边缘的最上层斜坡。其内部以沿坡等高线岩槽和下坡边缘的小丘状漂流为界。地层和漂流尺度的等高线岩特征证明,来自冈瓦纳表大陆海北部的高浓度、高盐度、缺氧水不断溢出,推动了西北向的底流。这些周期性溢流流经乌加塔海槽,然后在科里奥利力的作用下向西偏转,流经塔菲拉尔特等高线阶地,并逐级向下流动,直至达到密度平衡水平,可能形成了一个中间水团。致密缺氧陆架水的级联支持为凯尔瓦瑟危机和相关泥盆纪缺氧事件提出的光区富营养化(自上而下)模型。我们提出了缺氧溢流与泥盆纪演化事件之间的直接联系。
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引用次数: 0
To rush into the secret house of death: The fate of a Tournaisian plant 冲进死亡的密室图尔奈植物的命运
IF 4.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1130/g52348.1
R. Gastaldo, P. Gensel, I. Glasspool, S. Hinds, Olivia A. King, Adrian F. Park, M. Stimson
Tournaisian-age failure of marginal lacustrine sediments, and their bulk collapse into an inland rift-basin lake in the Moncton Subbasin, Canada, led to the entrainment of rare, almost complete, three-dimensionally preserved non-woody trees. Preservation of these unique fossils from the Albert Formation was a consequence of contemporaneous seismicity. Synsedimentary structures include an array of soft-sediment deformational features and a field of cross-cutting sand boils indicating multiple seismic shocks >4.6 Mw. This tectonically controlled event, entombing trees whose novel growth form is both evolutionarily and ecologically transitionary and unlike other Paleozoic plants, is a one-off in the paleobotanical record.
加拿大蒙克顿次盆地的边缘湖沼沉积物在图尔奈斯时代发生崩塌,大量坍塌到内陆裂谷盆地湖中,导致罕见的、几乎完整的、三维保存的非木质树木被卷入湖中。阿尔伯特地层中这些独特化石的保存是同期地震作用的结果。沉积结构包括一系列软沉积物变形特征和一个横切砂沸腾场,表明发生了多次大于 4.6 兆瓦的地震冲击。这一受构造控制的事件所埋藏的树木,其新颖的生长形式在进化和生态学上都具有过渡性,与其他古生代植物不同,在古植物学记录中是绝无仅有的。
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引用次数: 0
The construction of the Giza pyramids chronicled by human copper contamination 人类铜污染记录的吉萨金字塔建造过程
IF 4.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1130/g51965.1
Gamal Younes, D. Kaniewski, N. Marriner, C. Morhange, Hader Sheisha, Martin Odler, Yanna Wang, Zhongyuan Chen, G. El‐Qady, A. Saleem, Alain Véron
Although the construction of the Giza necropolis necessitated the creation of an extensive array of metal tools, the significance of these early instances of metallurgy, and the contamination they left, has been overlooked in favor of understanding pyramid building techniques. We geochemically analyzed a sediment core from the Khufu harbor, on the Nile floodplain at Giza, Egypt, to track the construction of the necropolis, with a particular focus on copper contamination deriving from metallurgical activities. We found that significant local contamination occurred during the regnal years of Kings Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, consistent with metalworking during the preparation and construction of the edifices. While the pyramid complex led to the creation of an outstanding cultural legacy for humanity, it also marked the onset of significant human-caused metal contamination at Giza.
虽然吉萨古墓群的建造需要大量的金属工具,但人们在了解金字塔建造技术的同时,却忽视了这些早期冶金活动的重要性及其所造成的污染。我们对埃及吉萨尼罗河冲积平原上胡夫港的沉积物岩芯进行了地球化学分析,以追踪尸城的建造过程,尤其关注冶金活动造成的铜污染。我们发现,在胡夫、卡夫雷和门考尔国王统治时期,当地出现了严重的污染,这与筹备和建造建筑期间的金属加工活动是一致的。金字塔建筑群为人类创造了杰出的文化遗产,同时也标志着吉萨开始出现严重的人为金属污染。
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引用次数: 0
On the delayed expression of mantle inheritance−controlled strain localization during rifting 论断裂过程中地幔继承控制应变定位的延迟表现
IF 4.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1130/g52309.1
F. Zwaan, D. Erratt, G. Manatschal, P. Chenin, G. Schreurs
In this paper, we explore the relative impact mantle inheritance can have on the evolution of magma-poor rift systems during the early stages of rift localization. To this end, we revisit the tectonic history of the Mesozoic Northeast Atlantic and its North Sea subdomain, analyzing these observations through comparison with results from recent analogue tectonic modeling work. Our analysis suggests that initial broadly distributed rift basin formation may be controlled by crustal inheritance, whereas the subsequent localization of deformation along deeper mantle inheritance may have caused the overprinting of previous rift basin trends in the Northeast Atlantic. This overprinting became possible as soon as the thinning of the ductile crust during progressive rifting allowed for sufficient coupling between the mantle and the upper crust. Importantly, we suggest that no changes in plate motion direction due to large-scale reorganization of the plate tectonic system are needed for differently oriented basin trends overprinting each other to develop. With these insights, we propose an updated scenario for rift kinematics in the North Sea involving continuous E-W plate divergence and provide a framework to rethink the evolution of other rift systems around the world during their early stages of rift localization.
在本文中,我们探讨了在裂谷定位的早期阶段,地幔继承可能对岩浆贫乏的裂谷系统演化产生的相对影响。为此,我们重新审视了中生代东北大西洋及其北海子域的构造历史,通过与近期模拟构造建模工作的结果进行对比,分析了这些观测结果。我们的分析表明,最初广泛分布的裂谷盆地的形成可能是由地壳继承控制的,而随后沿更深地幔继承的局部变形可能造成了东北大西洋先前裂谷盆地趋势的叠印。只要在渐进式断裂过程中韧性地壳变薄,地幔与上地壳之间就能充分耦合,这种叠印就成为可能。重要的是,我们认为,板块构造系统的大规模重组并不会导致板块运动方向的改变,不同走向的海盆趋势相互叠印的情况也不会发生。有了这些认识,我们提出了北海裂谷运动学的最新方案,其中涉及连续的东西向板块分异,并提供了一个框架来重新思考世界各地其他裂谷系统在裂谷定位早期阶段的演变。
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引用次数: 0
Is the Mesoarchean Mulgandinnah shear zone, Pilbara Craton, the world’s oldest arc-slicing transform fault? 皮尔巴拉克拉通中新世穆尔甘金纳剪切带是世界上最古老的弧切转换断层吗?
IF 4.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1130/g52360.1
Abdelmottaleb A Aldoud, T. Kusky, Lu Wang
Arc-slicing transform faults represent an integral component of convergent margin tectonics. They are developed above oblique subduction systems, cutting through and displacing the entire magmatic section of arcs, leading to tectonic repetition of segments of the overriding plate in the ensuing orogenic collage. Extant examples clearly show this process in Sumatra, New Zealand, and the Philippines, while ancient examples are reported from the Paleozoic Altaids and Neoarchean Superior and Yilgarn cratons. Here, we report data that document that the Paleo-Mesoarchean Eastern Pilbara craton, recently interpreted to be a preserved mid-upper crustal level of a magmatic arc, is cut and repeated by a major 3.0−2.93 Ga arc-slicing fault, the Mulgandinnah, which sliced a previously 600 × 100 km segment of a Mesoarchean arc system, laterally moving different segments to their presently juxtaposed 200 × 200 km preserved fragment. This evidence demonstrates lateral plate motions by 3.0 Ga and shows oblique subduction, arc plutonism, arc-slicing, and repetition, reflecting that crustal growth in modern-style convergent margins was in full operation by the Mesoarchean.
弧切转换断层是汇聚边构造的一个组成部分。它们发育在斜俯冲系统之上,切割并移位弧的整个岩浆剖面,导致在随后的造山拼贴过程中覆压板块的构造重复。苏门答腊岛、新西兰和菲律宾的现存例子清楚地表明了这一过程,而古生代阿尔泰地壳和新元古代苏必利尔和伊尔加恩火山口也有古代的例子。在这里,我们报告的数据表明,最近被解释为岩浆弧保存下来的中上地壳层的古中新世东皮尔巴拉陨石坑被一个主要的3.0-2.93 Ga弧切断层(Mulgandinnah断层)切割并重复,该断层切割了中新世弧系的一个600 × 100 km的区段,横向移动了不同的区段,使其成为目前并列的200 × 200 km保存下来的片段。这些证据证明了 3.0 Ga 前的横向板块运动,并显示了斜向俯冲、弧形熔岩化、弧形切片和重复,反映了现代风格的辐合边缘的地壳增长在中新世已全面展开。
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引用次数: 0
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Geology
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