Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Aerosol-PBL relationship under diverse meteorological conditions: Insights from satellite/radiosonde measurements in North China","authors":"Yarong Li ,&nbsp;Jianjun He ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Ren ,&nbsp;Hong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) plays crucial roles in regulating air pollution levels; however, its relationships with PM_2.5 (fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) under diverse meteorological conditions, as well as potential causes, are not yet well understood. This study leverages approximately three years of satellite/radiosonde derived PBLH to investigate PBLH-PM_2.5 relationships under six typical circulation patterns in North China, and some novel physical explanations for the varying PBLH-PM_2.5 relationship are proposed. The six circulation patterns are dominated by three high- and three low-pressure systems, with significantly negative PBLH-PM_2.5 correlations exhibited in high-pressure patterns, while weak or even insignificant relationships in low-pressure patterns. Meteorological factors, particularly humidity and vertical winds, can largely explain the varying PBLH-PM_2.5 relationships across different synoptic patterns. Under high-pressure patterns, elevated PM_2.5 aligns well with high humidity within boundary layer, which restricts the magnitude of the PBLH and thus the negative PBLH-PM_2.5 correlation. However, under low-pressure patterns, humidity in boundary layer and in free atmosphere exert conflicting effects on PBLH-PM_2.5 relationship. Higher PM_2.5 is observed when only the boundary layer is moist, whereas when thewhole column is moist or supersaturated, nucleation, transitions, and wet scavenging lead to reduced PM_2.5 and lower PBLH, thereby the positive PBLH-PM_2.5 correlation. Additionally, the column feature of vertical wind within boundary layer can also help explain the positive PBLH-PM_2.5 relationship. These findings provide deeper insights into understanding boundary layer processes and pollution dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of extreme heatwaves in Southern China in August 2022 and 2024","authors":"Kangjie Ma ,&nbsp;Hainan Gong ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Hongjie Fang ,&nbsp;Wen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In August 2022 and 2024, Southern China experienced unprecedented heatwaves. Using ERA5 reanalysis data, we conducted a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between these two extreme heatwaves. Our findings reveal that while the 2024 heatwave was less intense than the one in 2022, it was more concentrated in late August, unlike the prolonged heatwave in 2022, which spanned the entire month. Despite these variations in intensity and duration, both heatwaves were driven by a common atmospheric mechanism: anomalous easterly winds resulted in subsidence and significant temperature anomalies across Southern China. These easterly winds were closely associated with an anticyclone anomaly over the region, influenced by an upstream wave train from Europe. Crucially, warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Barents Sea played a vital role in sustaining and forming this wave train. To further validate this mechanism, we conducted a regression analysis using historical data from 1979 to 2024, confirming its broad applicability in explaining heatwaves in Southern China, including those of shorter durations like the 2024 event. This study significantly advances our understanding of heatwave dynamics in Southern China and offers novel insights that can improve future predictive capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting spatio-temporal variation in compound dry-hot extreme events in China with newly developed nonstationary index","authors":"Chaoran Zhao ,&nbsp;Yao Feng ,&nbsp;Tingting Wang ,&nbsp;Wenbin Liu ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Yanhua Liu ,&nbsp;Fubao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compound dry-hot extreme events (CDHEs), as the most typical compound extreme events, bring more harm to human society than single extreme events. Traditional indicators based on stationary assumptions of hydrometeorological variables for CDHEs detection may no longer be valid due to anthropogenic and climate change impacts. The nonstationary hydrometeorological series has been extensively studied but rarely considered in identifying CDHEs. Therefore, this paper develops a nonstationary compound dry-hot index (NCDHI) with climate index and anthropogenic factors as covariates, to revisit CDHEs in China from 1961 to 2020 using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) model. The results show that the nonstationary model is better than the traditional stationary model in fitting precipitation and temperature series. Validation using typical disaster events and losses data reveals a higher correlation between the NCDHI and actual disaster losses, confirming the good applicability of the NCDHI in China. Areas affected by CDHEs of varying severity have increased in China during the study period. Meanwhile, the severity of CDHEs has also been exacerbated, with more severe in the central and eastern regions. Furthermore, CDHEs in the western regions, though less intense, occur more frequently. The proposed NCDHI can capture the characteristics of CDHEs in China, which provides a new idea for constructing a compound dry-hot index that can effectively adapt to environmental changes. The index can further improve the scientific understanding of compound extreme events' temporal and spatial patterns and provide a scientific basis for regional risk management and disaster prevention and mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolved organic carbon in wet deposition around the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China: Temporal patterns, sources, and ecological implications in different sites","authors":"Pan Huo ,&nbsp;Haoxin Jia ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Lei ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the recognized significance of wet deposition of atmospheric dissolved organic carbon (DOC), its dynamics within large reservoir catchments remain poorly understood. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variations in rainwater DOC concentrations and deposition fluxes across urban, agricultural, and reservoir areas around the Danjiangkou Reservoir in China. Volume-weighted mean (VWM) DOC concentrations varied significantly, with the highest levels observed in urban areas (7.52 mg C L⁻¹) compared to agricultural (4.94 mg C L⁻¹) and reservoir areas (4.66 mg C L⁻¹). Elevated DOC concentrations occurred seasonally in spring and winter, likely due to reduced rainfall scavenging, increased heating emissions, and stable atmospheric conditions favoring pollutant accumulation. Source apportionment indicated dominant terrestrial contributions to rainwater DOC. Agricultural activities, mineral dust, and mobile emissions were associated with DOC in agricultural and reservoir areas, whereas stationary sources like coal combustion and industrial emissions contributed more to urban areas. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified rainfall amount and electrical conductivity (EC) as significant DOC concentration predictors, reflecting atmospheric washout and terrestrial influences. Monthly DOC fluxes ranged from 0.24 to 14.12 kg C ha⁻¹ in different sites, highlighting the temporal variability driven by precipitation. Summer witnessed the highest regional DOC deposition fluxes across all regions (16.43–25.88 kg C ha⁻¹), over twofold higher than spring and winter. The urban area had the highest annual DOC deposition flux (56.07 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), followed by the reservoir (34.77 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and agricultural areas (30.29 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Annually, atmospheric wet deposition contributes an estimated 1898 t of DOC to the reservoir, potentially enriching the upper two meters by 1.74 mg C L⁻¹. This study enhances the understanding of DOC wet deposition dynamics in a large reservoir catchment, emphasizing the importance of considering atmospheric inputs in reservoir water quality management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiative anomalies associated with extreme precipitation of November 2023 in equatorial Central Africa","authors":"Kevin Kenfack ,&nbsp;Lucie A. Djiotang Tchotchou ,&nbsp;Francesco Marra ,&nbsp;Katinka Bellomo ,&nbsp;Alain T. Tamoffo ,&nbsp;Brice C. Tchana ,&nbsp;Francine C. Donfack ,&nbsp;Thierry C. Fotso-Nguemo ,&nbsp;Roméo S. Tanessong ,&nbsp;Zéphirin Yepdo Djomou ,&nbsp;Derbetini A. Vondou","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>November 2023 was marked by abnormally heavy rainfall across equatorial Central Africa, causing considerable material damage and loss of life. The present study investigates the underlying mechanisms by examining the vertical advection of moisture and moist static energy (MSE) anomalies and the net energy flux components. We find that the vertical moisture and MSE advection components are mostly induced by vertical velocity anomalies (increase of up to 5 mm/day in moisture and 80 <span><math><mi>W</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> in MSE) rather than by specific humidity and MSE anomalies. Additionally, mean sea level pressure and 2 m temperature are significantly larger than climatology. The increase (decrease) in the mean net long (short) wave radiation of up to 30 <span><math><mi>W</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface favored conditions of atmospheric instability. Analysis of the net energy flux indicates positive anomalies dominated by radiative anomalies (increase of up to 30 <span><math><mi>W</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>), mainly along the Gulf of Guinea, while in the eastern Congo Basin, a decrease (up to −27 <span><math><mi>W</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) in the energy balance was observed during the formation of this extreme rainfall event. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering thermodynamic processes associated with radiative effects to accurately anticipate such events. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving projections of climate extremes under the influence of global warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative study of snow sublimation in the Altai Mountains","authors":"He Jianqiao ,&nbsp;He Xiaodong ,&nbsp;Jiang Xi ,&nbsp;Zhang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sublimation of snow has a major impact on the global climate. We present a simple empirical formula that allows snow sublimation to be quantified on the interannual scale in the Altai Mountains. This empirical formula is based on the fitting of measured temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) data for midwinter collected between 2011 and 2018 at the Koktokay snow station, located at the outlet of the Kayiertesi River Basin. The results suggest that there is a best-fitting linear relationship (<em>r</em> = −0.98; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) between the temperature and snow sublimation rates. The low sublimation rate, which was only 0.2 mm day⁻¹, corresponded to a low air temperature and high relative humidity, and the sublimation loss accounted for 2.6 % and 5.6 % of the annual precipitation and snowfall, respectively. Based on the proposed empirical formula and the hourly meteorological data from the ERA5 Land reanalysis, we calculated the sublimation rate in the Irtysh River Basin from 2011 to 2018. The results reveal that the cumulative snow sublimation loss was 14.3 mm y⁻¹, comprising 8.2 % of the snowfall and 3.9 % of the annual precipitation. Due to the relative ease of collecting field observations of the temperature and SWE, this simple formula, which has a high level of goodness of fit, is more applicable to the study of issues related to snow mass balance over long time scales in the Altai Mountains, and it also provides support for local snowmelt flood warning and water resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Summer North Pacific Victoria Mode on Autumn Rainfall over the Greater Mekong Subregion","authors":"Meiyi Hou ,&nbsp;Ruowen Yang ,&nbsp;Shu Gui ,&nbsp;Qucheng Chu ,&nbsp;Rujuan Lv ,&nbsp;Rui Chen ,&nbsp;Jiwei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of the summer Victoria Mode (VM) in the North Pacific on autumn precipitation over the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) between 1980 and 2010. The results show a statistically significant negative correlation between the summer VM (June–August: JJA) and autumn rainfall (August–October: ASO) in the GMS, which is independent of the effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from the preceding winter. The positive phase of the summer VM leads to reduced autumn rainfall in key areas such as Yunnan Province, southern Myanmar, western and central Thailand, and central and southern Cambodia. Here we explored the dynamic mechanisms that link the summer VM to GMS rainfall, and identified three primary pathways: (1) the modulation of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and the development of a cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea, which reduces moisture transport to the GMS; (2) induced low-level divergence over the GMS, which suppresses ascending air motion; and (3) the propagation of a Rossby wave train that influences geopotential height anomalies and upper-level convergence around the GMS. These findings enhance our understanding of extratropical influences on autumn precipitation in the GMS and suggest that the summer VM could serve as a valuable predictor for seasonal rainfall forecasts, thereby assisting disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deeper NOx emission reductions toward better air quality in the Yangtze River Delta: Numerical evidences from NOx and VOCs emissions control measures","authors":"Chaoshun Liu ,&nbsp;Junyue Wang ,&nbsp;Chungang Fang ,&nbsp;Kaixu Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating air pollution in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of China's most densely populated regions, is critical for reducing pollution-related health impacts. This study uses the WRF-Chem model to simulate the concentrations of two key pollutants, PM_2.5 and O₃, and to assess their responses to various emission control measures. Our objective is to provide actionable insights for designing effective clean air policies to improve future air quality in the YRD. The sensitivity analysis using the Comprehensive Air Quality Index (CAQI) underscores the complex interactions between PM_2.5, O₃, and reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. Notably, NOx reductions exhibit the greatest potential for lowering CAQI in summer, but in winter, the positive effects on PM_2.5 reduction may be offset by higher O₃ levels. Despite this trade-off, deep NOx emission cuts remain the most effective strategy for controlling both PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in the YRD. These findings provide critical numerical insights and serve as a strong foundation for policymakers to develop targeted air quality management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of all-sky downwelling longwave radiation over the Tibetan Plateau using an improved parameterization scheme","authors":"Peizhen Li ,&nbsp;Lei Zhong ,&nbsp;Yaoming Ma ,&nbsp;Yuting Qi ,&nbsp;Zixin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Downwelling longwave radiation (DLR) is crucial for the global energy cycle. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a focal point in global energy cycle research owing to its distinct geographical position and remarkably high elevation. At present, the DLR estimates under clear-sky conditions are relatively mature, but only a few studies have specifically estimated the DLR under all-sky conditions. Moreover, some of these methods still need to be improved with regard to spatial resolution and accuracy when applied over the TP. The primary challenge is the uncertainty of cloud radiation effects and the atmospheric conditions beneath the clouds. Current parameterization schemes often rely solely on near-surface meteorological parameters and the cloud fraction, which are insufficient for characterizing the thermal differences between the cloud base and the surface. Additionally, optical sensors are limited by their penetration depth and cannot directly provide information on the cloud base. By combining satellite data, meteorological forcing data, reanalysis temperature profiles, and land surface temperature datasets and simultaneously considering the thermal radiation contributions from both the atmosphere below clouds and the cloud layer itself, the all-sky DLR over the TP was estimated. With the introduction of a low-cloud correction scheme and the incorporation of multiple temperature and humidity input parameters when estimating the radiation contribution from the atmosphere below clouds, these improvements further enhance the accuracy. The precision of this study is comparable to that of CERES-SYN, with RMSEs below 30 W m⁻² at any timescale, and more detailed spatial variations can be presented due to the higher spatial resolution. A comparison with existing DLR estimation schemes shows that this study achieves more accurate results without the need for local calibration with preobtained in situ data. Therefore, this method shows the potential for application across various regions globally to further improve the precision of DLR estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of high-resolution summer precipitation data for Xinjiang Region by fusing satellite retrieval products and Gauge observations","authors":"Qian Huang ,&nbsp;Ze Chen ,&nbsp;Qing He ,&nbsp;Chen Jin ,&nbsp;Wanpeng Qi ,&nbsp;Suxiang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108105","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;High-resolution precipitation data aid climate research and forecasting, reveal precipitation mechanisms, assess extreme events, provide empirical support for models, enhance prediction accuracy, and have application value for weather forecasting and beyond. The Xinjiang region of China, characterized by its vast expanse and complex terrain, exhibits a pronounced spatial and temporal disparity in precipitation distribution. Traditional ground meteorological observation stations are sparse and unevenly distributed, leading to considerable limitations and uncertainties in precipitation observation data. The Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement products (i.e., IMERG) provide new-generation satellite precipitation measurements, but they are inaccurate in regions with complex terrain. Leveraging the advantages of multiple data sources to achieve complementary fusion of precipitation data can effectively increase the accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution of data. In this study, we proposed a merged (automatic weather station and IMERG measurements) high-spatiotemporal resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) hourly precipitation product (M-AWSI), and then evaluated its applications. For the 2027 AWS in Xinjiang, the RBFN (radial basis function neural network) method was used to obtain the gridded data, and RBFN can overcome the insufficient of traditional interpolation in local approximation ability. Furtherly, the gridded data is fused with the IMERG data by using an optimized probability matching total correction scheme, where multiple constraints are incorporated, such as effective correction radius and distance weight correction to avoid temporal and spatial discontinuity of the data in neighboring areas. Compared with observational data, the IMERG product effectively captures the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation in the Xinjiang region. However, it exhibits significant underestimation of heavy precipitation and overestimations of weak precipitation, while failing to accurately depict the peak time in the diurnal precipitation variation. The M-AWSI data have markedly elevated the representation indices for daily precipitation across various intensities, with particularly prominent performance in augmenting the hit rate for identifying heavy rain and rainstorm events. Furthermore, in relation to the hourly probability density distribution and the attributes of daily precipitation variability, the alignment between M-AWSI and observational data has been significantly strengthened. Additionally, the M-AWSI data demonstrates a substantial improvement in its ability to represent extreme precipitation zones and their evolutionary characteristics compared to IMERG data. The M-AWSI data effectively overcomes the limitations of IMERG, which tend to underestimate heavy precipitation and overestimate weak precipitation. The establishment of this dataset will contribute to a deeper understanding of precipita","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}