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A new high-resolution Coastal Ice-Ocean Prediction System for the East Coast of Canada 加拿大东海岸新的高分辨率沿海冰洋预报系统
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01634-7
Jean-Philippe Paquin, François Roy, Gregory C. Smith, Sarah MacDermid, Ji Lei, Frédéric Dupont, Youyu Lu, Stephanne Taylor, Simon St-Onge-Drouin, Hauke Blanken, Michael Dunphy, Nancy Soontiens

The Coastal Ice Ocean Prediction System for the East Coast of Canada (CIOPS-E) was developed and implemented operationally at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) to support a variety of critical marine applications. These include support for ice services, search and rescue, environmental emergency response and maritime safety. CIOPS-E uses a 1/36° horizontal grid (~ 2 km) to simulate sea ice and ocean conditions over the northwest Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL). Forcing at lateral open boundaries is taken from ECCC’s data assimilative Regional Ice-Ocean Prediction System (RIOPS). A spectral nudging method is applied offshore to keep mesoscale features consistent with RIOPS. Over the continental shelf and GSL, the CIOPS-E solution is free to evolve according to the model dynamics. Overall, CIOPS-E significantly improves the representation of tidal and sub-tidal water levels compared to ECCC’s lower resolution systems: RIOPS (~ 6 km) and the Regional Marine Prediction System – GSL (RMPS-GSL, 5 km). Improvements in the GSL are due to the higher resolution and a better representation of bathymetry, boundary forcing and dynamics in the upper St. Lawrence Estuary. Sea surface temperatures show persistent summertime cold bias, larger in CIOPS-E than in RIOPS, as the latter is constrained by observations. The seasonal cycle of sea ice extent and volume, unconstrained in CIOPS-E, compares well with observational estimates, RIOPS and RMPS-GSL. A greater number of fine-scale features are found in CIOPS-E with narrow leads and more intense ice convergence zones, compared to both RIOPS and RMPS-GSL.

加拿大东海岸沿海冰海预报系统(CIOPS-E)由加拿大环境和气候变化部(ECCC)开发并投入运行,以支持各种关键的海洋应用。这些应用包括支持冰上服务、搜救、环境应急响应和海上安全。CIOPS-E 使用 1/36° 水平网格(约 2 公里)来模拟大西洋西北部和圣劳伦斯湾(GSL)的海冰和海洋状况。横向开放边界的强迫取自 ECCC 的数据同化区域冰海预报系统 (RIOPS)。在近海应用了频谱推移方法,使中尺度特征与 RIOPS 保持一致。在大陆架和 GSL 上,CIOPS-E 解决方案可根据模式动态自由演变。总体而言,与 ECCC 的低分辨率系统相比,CIOPS-E 显著提高了潮汐和潮下水位的代表性:RIOPS(约 6 千米)和区域海洋预报系统--GSL(RMPS-GSL,5 千米)。GSL 的改进是由于分辨率更高,更好地反映了圣劳伦斯河口上游的水深、边界强迫和动态变化。海面温度显示出持续的夏季低温偏差,CIOPS-E 中的偏差大于 RIOPS 中的偏差,因为后者受到观测数据的限制。海冰范围和数量的季节周期在 CIOPS-E 中没有受到约束,但与观测估计值、RIOPS 和 RMPS-GSL 相比,CIOPS-E 的结果很好。与 RIOPS 和 RMPS-GSL 相比,CIOPS-E 中发现了更多的细尺度特征,具有更窄的导线和更密集的冰汇聚区。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of drag coefficient parameterization of WAVEWATCH-III using remotely sensed products during tropical cyclones 利用热带气旋期间的遥感产品改进 WAVEWATCH-III 的阻力系数参数化
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01638-3
Yuyi Hu, Weizeng Shao, Ying Xu, Qingping Zou, Xingwei Jiang

In this study, the parameterization of the drag coefficient is improved using remotely sensed wind and wave products during tropical cyclones (TCs) and implemented for wave simulation using a third-generation numeric model, namely, WAVEWATCH-III (WW3). The significant wave height and peak wavelength from SWIM(Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring) measured wave spectra are collocated with wind speeds derived from the Haiyang-2 (HY-2) constellation, Soil Moisture Active–Passive (SMAP) radiometer, and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) in 2019 − 2023. Cyclonic winds at a spatial resolution of 0.25° and intervals of 6 h are obtained by fusion remotely sensed winds from the HY-2 scatterometers and radiometers from SMAP and AMSR2. The parameterization of the drag coefficient during TCs is improved using a matching dataset for 100 TCs consisting of fusion winds and SWIM-measured wave spectra. The significant wave height (SWH) is simulated by WW3 using the optimized parameterization in the several input/dissipation source terms, i.e., ST2, ST3, ST4 and ST6. It is found that the accuracy of simulated SWH using optimized parameterization in switch ST2, ST3 and ST4 is worse than that using optimized parameterization in switch ST6. Moreover, taking two parameterizations in switch ST6 of WW3, validation against the measurements from altimeters and the SWH calculated by SWIM-measured wave spectrum during other 20 TCs yields a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.60 m, and a correlation coefficient (COR) of 0.85 by optimized parameterization, which are better than the 0.68 m RMSE, and 0.80 COR obtained using existing parameterization. Furthermore, the variation in the bias (altimeter minus WW3) shows that the larger bias (> 2 m) at wind speed > 20 m/s or SWH > 6 m is significantly improved using the optimized parameterization formula and fusion remotely sensed winds.

在本研究中,利用热带气旋(TC)期间的遥感风和波浪产品改进了阻力系数的参数化,并使用第三代数值模式(即 WAVEWATCH-III(WW3))进行波浪模拟。从 SWIM(表面波调查与监测)测得的波谱中得到的显波高和峰值波长与从海洋-2(HY-2)星座、土壤水分主动-被动(SMAP)辐射计和高级微波扫描辐射计-2(AMSR2)中得到的 2019-2023 年风速相吻合。通过融合 HY-2 散射计和 SMAP 及 AMSR2 辐射计的遥感风,可获得空间分辨率为 0.25°、时间间隔为 6 小时的气旋风。利用由融合风和 SWIM 测量的波谱组成的 100 个 TC 的匹配数据集,改进了 TC 期间阻力系数的参数化。通过 WW3 模拟显波高度(SWH),在几个输入/消散源项(即 ST2、ST3、ST4 和 ST6)中使用了优化的参数化。结果发现,使用开关 ST2、ST3 和 ST4 的优化参数模拟 SWH 的精度比使用开关 ST6 的优化参数模拟 SWH 的精度差。此外,以 WW3 开关 ST6 中的两个参数化为例,根据高度计的测量结果和 SWIM 在其他 20 次 TC 中测量的波谱计算的 SWH 进行验证,得出优化参数化的均方根误差(RMSE)为 0.60 米,相关系数(COR)为 0.85,优于现有参数化的均方根误差(RMSE)0.68 米和相关系数(COR)0.80。此外,偏差(高度计减 WW3)的变化表明,在风速为 20 米/秒或西南风高度为 6 米时,使用优化参数化公式和融合遥感风的偏差较大(2 米),而使用优化参数化公式和融合遥感风的偏差明显改善。
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引用次数: 0
Surface ocean conditions of the Arabian Sea using two different wind forcings in the regional ocean modelling system setup 在区域海洋模拟系统设置中使用两种不同风力作用的阿拉伯海表层海洋条件
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01637-4
Prabha Kushwaha, Vivek Kumar Pandey, Bijan Kumar Das

The study investigates the impact of two different wind forcings on the surface ocean conditions of the Arabian Sea (AS) using the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) simulations. The wind forcings used in the ROMS simulations are the climatological Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) winds and the Quik Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite sea-winds. These two wind forcings are implemented and evaluated individually to assess their respective influences on the surface ocean conditions such as temperature, salinity, currents, heat fluxes, fresh water flux and diffusivity over the AS. The QuikSCAT winds are seen stronger (up to 2 m/s) over the AS and the wind stress curl is higher (up to 1.5 × 10− 7 N/m2) in the equatorial region as compared to the COADS winds. Both the simulations have replicated the overall pattern of the surface ocean conditions very well. The stronger QuikSCAT winds simulation has shown higher surface salinity (~ 2 psu) and freshwater fluxes compared to the weaker COADS winds simulation. Again, the strong winds from QuikSCAT have also increased the surface current (up to 0.2 m/s) and horizontal diffusivity in the southern and western boundary of the AS. The implementation of wind forcing provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the regional ocean system and its response to atmospheric conditions. Therefore, the implementation of COADS and QuikSCAT winds in the ROMS simulations will enhance our ability to accurately simulate and predict the behaviour of the surface ocean conditions of the AS.

该研究利用区域海洋模拟系统(ROMS)模拟,调查了两种不同风力作用对阿拉伯海(AS)表层海洋条件的影响。ROMS 模拟中使用的风驱动力是气候学海洋大气综合数据集(COADS)风和 Quik Scatterometer(QuikSCAT)卫星海风。对这两种风的作用力分别进行了实施和评估,以评估它们各自对表层海洋条件(如 AS 上的温度、盐度、洋流、热通量、淡水通量和扩散率)的影响。与 COADS 风相比,QuikSCAT 风在 AS 上的强度更大(达 2 米/秒),赤道地区的风应力卷曲也更高(达 1.5 × 10- 7 N/m2)。两种模拟都很好地再现了表层海洋条件的整体模式。与较弱的 COADS 风模拟相比,较强的 QuikSCAT 风模拟显示了较高的表层盐度(约 2 psu)和淡水通量。同样,QuikSCAT 的强风也增加了 AS 南部和西部边界的表层洋流(高达 0.2 米/秒)和水平扩散率。风强迫的实施为了解区域海洋系统的动态及其对大气条件的响应提供了宝贵的信息。因此,在 ROMS 模拟中实施 COADS 和 QuikSCAT 风将提高我们准确模拟和预测 AS 表层海洋状况的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of tidal current potential in the Amapá’s inner continental shelf (Eastern Amazonia - Brazil) 评估阿马帕内大陆架(巴西东亚马孙)的潮汐流潜力
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01636-5
Robert Willian Queiroz Farias, Maamar El -Robrini, Osvaldo Ronald Saavedra

This study addresses the global shift towards renewable energy due to the increasing demand driven by socioeconomic development. With finite fossil energy sources, there’s a growing interest in oceanic renewable energy, estimated at 76 million MW. The Amazon, with its significant potential, particularly from predictable tidal currents in estuaries, stands out. The Inner Continental Shelf of Amapá, influenced by factors like water discharge (5,7 × 1012 m3.year− 1) and trade winds (speed: 5–10 m.s− 1) as well as Meso and Macrotidal, is a notable region. The paper focuses on hydrodynamic simulations considering different tidal scenarios and aims to assess the energy potential of tidal currents. Using the SisBaHiA two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, the study evaluates power density in key areas. The spring-neap cycle simulations identify promising zones in the Varador channel—upper section (tidal current velocity of 1,53 m.s− 1– 1.835 W.m− 2) and lower section (tidal current velocity of 1,12 m.s− 1 – 720,03 W.m-2). Notably, the upper Varador channel near the Inferno ¨igarapé¨ (Maraca Island) exhibits greater energy density, highlighting its potential in both spring and neap cycles. This research contributes valuable insights into the renewable energy potential of tidal currents in the Amapá region, supporting sustainable energy development.

本研究探讨了由于社会经济发展带来的需求增长,全球向可再生能源的转变。由于化石能源的有限性,人们对海洋可再生能源的兴趣与日俱增,据估计,海洋可再生能源约为 7600 万兆瓦。亚马逊河流域潜力巨大,尤其是河口可预测的潮汐流。阿马帕内大陆架受排水量(5.7×1012 立方米/年-1)、信风(风速:5-10 米/秒-1)以及中潮和大潮等因素的影响,是一个值得注意的地区。本文侧重于考虑不同潮汐情况的流体力学模拟,旨在评估潮汐流的能量潜力。研究使用 SisBaHiA 二维水动力模型,评估了关键区域的功率密度。春-夏周期模拟确定了瓦拉多水道上段(潮汐流速为 1,53 m.s- 1- 1.835 W.m-2)和下段(潮汐流速为 1,12 m.s- 1- 720,03 W.m-2)的有利区域。值得注意的是,靠近 "地狱 "岛(马拉卡岛)的瓦拉多尔海峡上段显示出更大的能量密度,突出了其在春季和秋季周期的潜力。这项研究有助于深入了解阿马帕地区潮汐流的可再生能源潜力,支持可持续能源开发。
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引用次数: 0
Aggregation and transport of microplastics by a cold-core ring in the southern recirculation of the Kuroshio Extension: the role of mesoscale eddies on plastic debris distribution 黑潮扩展区南部再循环中的冷核环对微塑料的聚集和迁移:中尺度漩涡对塑料碎片分布的作用
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01635-6
Ryota Nakajima, Akira Nagano, Satoshi Osafune, Masashi Tsuchiya, Katsunori Fujikura

Mesoscale eddies – ocean vortices with spatial scales of tens to hundreds of kilometers and time scales of months to years – are among the most energetic forms of flow in the ocean, and may act as significant transporters of floating microplastics. Yet, shipboard observation has thus far not clarified the abundance and transport of microplastics in mesoscale eddies. We conducted floating microplastic surveys in an intense cyclonic mesoscale eddy with a large sea surface height depression (approximately 0.8 m), a so-called cold-core ring, in the Kuroshio Extension recirculation gyre (KERG) southeast of Japan. The concentration of microplastics within the eddy (460 × 104 pieces/km2) was one or two orders of magnitude higher than in the adjacent oceanic waters, likely due to the acquisition of microplastics from the microplastic-rich Kuroshio Extension (KE) when detaching, as well as the horizontal entrainment of particles by the eddy. Our examination by using an assimilation product showed that most particles captured by the eddy remained within for several months while the eddy moved clockwise in the KERG. These results suggest that mesoscale eddies are of importance in the transportation and redistribution of microplastics on the ocean surface.

中尺度漩涡--空间尺度为数十到数百公里、时间尺度为数月到数年的海洋漩涡--是海洋中能量最大的流动形式之一,可能是漂浮微塑料的重要运输工具。然而,迄今为止,船上观测尚未明确中尺度漩涡中微塑料的丰度和迁移情况。我们在日本东南部黑潮延伸再循环涡旋(KERG)中的一个具有较大海面高度凹陷(约 0.8 米)的强烈气旋中尺度漩涡(即所谓的冷核环)中进行了漂浮微塑料调查。漩涡内的微塑料浓度(460×104 个/平方公里)比邻近海域高出一到两个数量级,这可能是由于微塑料丰富的黑潮扩展区(KE)在脱离时获得了微塑料,以及漩涡水平夹带了微粒。我们使用同化产品进行的研究表明,当漩涡在 KERG 中顺时针方向移动时,被漩涡捕获的大多数微粒在几个月内都没有离开。这些结果表明,中尺度漩涡对海洋表面微塑料的迁移和再分布具有重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Sea state contributions to thermosteric sea-level in high-resolution ocean-wave coupled simulations 高分辨率海洋波耦合模拟中海况对热力海平面的贡献
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01632-9
Antonio Bonaduce, Nam Thanh Pham, Joanna Staneva, Sebastian Grayek, Roshin P. Raj, Øyvind Breivik

This study examines the impact of wave-induced processes (WIPs) in modulating thermosteric sea-level changes, highlighting the need to include these processes in future sea-level rise assessments and climate projections. The impact of wave-induced processes on thermosteric sea-level changes is investigated using coupled ocean-wave simulations. These simulations include the effects of Stokes-Coriolis forcing, sea-state dependent surface stress and energy fluxes, and wave-induced mixing. The experiments use a high-resolution configuration of the Geesthacht COAstal Model SysTem (GCOAST), covering the Northeast Atlantic, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The GCOAST system uses the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean model to account for wave-ocean interactions and ocean circulation. It is fully coupled with the WAM spectral wind wave model. The aim is to accurately quantify the sea state contribution to thermosteric sea level variability and trends over a 26-year period (1992–2017). The ability of wave-ocean coupled simulations to reveal the contribution of sea state to sea level variability and surge is demonstrated. It is clear that wave-induced processes (WIPs) play a significant role in sea surface dynamics, ocean mixing (mixed layer thickness) and modulation of air-sea fluxes (e.g. heat flux) in both winter (10–20%) and summer (10%), which in turn affect thermosteric sea level variability. The North Atlantic (in summer) and the Norwegian Trench (in winter) show significant contributions (40%) to the thermosteric sea-level variability due to wave-induced processes. The influence of WIPs on thermosteric sea level trends in the North Atlantic is up to the order of 1 mm yr-1 in both winter and summer, in the open ocean and at the shelf break. Smaller contributions are observed over the shelf areas of the North Sea. This study underscores the crucial role of WIPs in modulating sea-level changes and highlights the importance of including these processes in future sea-level rise assessments and climate projections.

本研究探讨了波浪诱导过程(WIPs)在调节恒温海平面变化方面的影响,强调了将这些过程纳入未来海平面上升评估和气候预测的必要性。利用海洋-波浪耦合模拟研究了波浪诱导过程对热力海平面变化的影响。这些模拟包括斯托克斯-科里奥利强迫、与海况相关的表面应力和能量通量以及波浪诱导混合的影响。实验使用 Geesthacht COAstal Model SysTem(GCOAST)的高分辨率配置,覆盖东北大西洋、北海和波罗的海。GCOAST 系统使用欧洲海洋建模核心(NEMO)海洋模型来解释波浪-海洋相互作用和海洋环流。它与 WAM 光谱风浪模型完全耦合。目的是准确量化海况对 26 年间(1992-2017 年)热力海平面变化和趋势的贡献。波浪-海洋耦合模拟能够揭示海况对海平面变化和浪涌的影响。很明显,波浪诱导过程(WIPs)在冬季(10%-20%)和夏季(10%)的海面动力学、海洋混合(混合层厚度)和海气通量(如热通量)调制中发挥着重要作用,进而影响热气流海平面变化。北大西洋(夏季)和挪威海沟(冬季)的波浪诱导过程对恒温海平面变化的影响很大(40%)。在北大西洋的冬季和夏季,在开阔洋和大陆架断裂处,波浪诱导过程对热力海平面变化趋势的影响高达每年 1 毫米。在北海陆架地区观测到的影响较小。这项研究强调了 WIPs 在调节海平面变化中的关键作用,并突出了将这些过程纳入未来海平面上升评估和气候预测的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of undular surges on a vertical wall 波状浪涌对垂直墙壁的影响
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01633-8
Feidong Zheng, Yaan Hu, Xueyi Li, Guiyang Liu

In the current study, the impact of undular surges on a vertical wall was experimentally investigated under complex base flow conditions where the velocity and flow depth were instantaneously varied. Undular surges of different wave types and with a wide spectrum of wave amplitudes were generated in a long horizontal wave tank by the filling operation of a downstream tank. Two characterized maximum wave pressures were observed during wave-wall interactions: pulsating wave pressure at an elevation close to the base flow surface and impact wave pressure occurring at a much higher elevation. It was found that the pulsating wave pressure could be solely estimated from the maximum wave run-up height, independently of the surge type. Moreover, the maximum wave load exerted by nonbreaking undular surges also depended on the maximum wave run-up height. Furthermore, the present results indicated that the influence of base flow conditions on undular surge-wall interactions were negligible. In addition, the breaking criterion of solitary waves in shallow water region could be used as an estimate of the transition in surge type, independently of the base flow conditions.

在本研究中,实验研究了在流速和流深瞬时变化的复杂基流条件下,波状浪涌对垂直壁的影响。通过下游水槽的充水操作,在一个长形水平波浪槽中产生了不同波型、波幅范围较宽的波状浪涌。在波墙相互作用过程中,观察到了两种不同特征的最大波压:脉动波压出现在接近基流表面的高程处,冲击波压出现在更高的高程处。研究发现,脉动波压力可完全根据最大波浪上升高度估算,与浪涌类型无关。此外,非破碎波状浪涌产生的最大波浪载荷也取决于最大波浪上升高度。此外,本研究结果表明,基流条件对波状浪涌-浪墙相互作用的影响可以忽略不计。此外,浅水区孤波的破浪标准可用作浪涌类型过渡的估算,与基流条件无关。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of the Polar Front in the southwestern area of Svalbard, Norway 挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛西南部极地前沿的动态变化
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01624-9
Igor Shulman, Ewa Jarosz, Stephanie Cayula, E. Joseph Metzger

We have investigated the dynamics of the Polar Front (PF) in the southwestern area of Svalbard, where the dynamics are defined by the interaction between the Sørkapp Current (transporting cold and fresh Arctic-type water) and the West Spitsbergen Current (carrying the warmer and more saline Atlantic Water from the Norwegian Sea). Our approach was based on the global circulation model predictions. In accord with the model, the cold and fresher Arctic water masses originated from the eastern side of Svalbard and were flowing along the southern-most point of Svalbard into the southwestern area of Svalbard. This cold and fresher water was spreading and pushing warmer and more saline Atlantic water offshore. The model currents indicated that cold and fresher water masses were mostly transported northward along the south-western coast of Svalbard. In accord with the model and observed density profiles, the PF is a density compensated front with the density gradient mostly in the top 50-75 m. Presence of strong density gradients in the upper 50-75 m of the PF leads to the development of the submesoscale processes as surface frontogenesis and nonlinear Ekman transport. We found strong presence of surface frontogenesis at the PF in the model. The second submesoscale process, the nonlinear Ekman transport, is due to the forcing interaction. During the considered time frame, the winds were blowing mostly from the north-east to south-west across the PF, and therefore, the along-front wind component was very small, resulting in weak non-linear Ekman transport at the PF front.

我们研究了斯瓦尔巴群岛西南部地区极地前沿(PF)的动态,该地区的极地前沿动态是由索卡普洋流(输送寒冷和新鲜的北极型海水)和西斯匹次卑尔根洋流(输送来自挪威海的较暖和较咸的大西洋海水)之间的相互作用决定的。我们的方法基于全球环流模型的预测。根据模型,较冷和较新鲜的北极水团来自斯瓦尔巴群岛东部,并沿着斯瓦尔巴群岛最南端流入斯瓦尔巴群岛西南部地区。这些较冷和较新鲜的海水正在扩散,并将较暖和较咸的大西洋海水推向近海。模型水流显示,较冷和较新鲜的水团主要沿着斯瓦尔巴群岛西南海岸向北输送。根据模型和观测到的密度剖面,PF 是一个密度补偿锋面,密度梯度主要在顶部 50-75 米处。我们在模型中发现,在 PF 处存在强烈的表面锋面生成现象。第二个次主题尺度过程,即非线性埃克曼输送,是由强迫相互作用引起的。在所考虑的时间段内,风主要从东北吹向西南穿过 PF,因此沿锋面的风分量很小,导致 PF 锋面的非线性 Ekman 输运很弱。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-sensor approach for chlorophyll-a monitoring in the coastal waters of Japan: a case study of the Yura Estuary 日本沿海水域叶绿素-a 监测的多传感器方法:由良河口案例研究
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01625-8
Shweta Yadav, Yoh Yamashita, Yosuke Alexandre Yamashiki

Estuaries are one of the most productive ecosystems in the world, supporting a variety of flora and fauna. Primary productivity by phytoplankton is a rich source of organic carbon, substantial for the aquatic food web. Monitoring phytoplankton (i.e., chlorophyll-a) is essential to assess the health of estuaries and other continental shelves subjected to constant anthropogenic stress (e.g., developmental activities). In this study, a three-endmember combination Spectral Decomposition Algorithm (SDA) was developed to estimate the phytoplankton in the micro-tidal Yura estuary of Japan using Landsat-8 (30 m), and Sentinel − 2A (10 m). The endmember water, phytoplankton, and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) yielded the best results with both the satellite sensors (R2 > 0.80) owing to the limited influence of non-phytoplankton suspended solids (NPSS) in the estuary. Chlorophyll-a was used as the proxy for phytoplankton. The estimated root mean square error (RMSE) was relatively higher in Landsat-8 (RMSE = 0.187 µg/L) than the Sentinel-2A (RMSE = 0.162 µg/L). The results were validated using the ground truth data of the Yura Estuary (26 sampling points). Furthermore, the results indicate low chlorophyll-a concentration in the Yura estuary (< 2µg/L) except near the shorelines (~ 6 µg/L). A good fit (R2 = 0.79) between observed chlorophyll-a and turbidity indicated phytoplankton-dominated turbidity in the tide-less estuary of Japan. The estimated maximum turbidity was 1.4 FTU using both sensors, suggesting a low anthropogenic influence on the Yura Estuary. The study demonstrates a successful application of the spectral decomposition algorithm (SDA) in the coastal waters which could further be used to assess the horizontal and temporal variability in phytoplankton in estuarine water.

河口是世界上最富饶的生态系统之一,养育着各种动植物。浮游植物的初级生产力是有机碳的丰富来源,对水生食物网非常重要。监测浮游植物(即叶绿素-a)对于评估河口和其他持续遭受人为压力(如开发活动)的大陆架的健康状况至关重要。本研究开发了一种三元组合光谱分解算法(SDA),利用大地遥感卫星-8(30 米)和哨兵-2A(10 米)估算日本微潮汐有良河口的浮游植物。由于河口非浮游植物悬浮固体(NPSS)的影响有限,两种卫星传感器的末端成员水、浮游植物和沉水植被(SAV)的结果最好(R2 > 0.80)。叶绿素 a 被用作浮游植物的代用指标。Landsat-8 的估计均方根误差(RMSE)(RMSE = 0.187 µg/L)相对高于 Sentinel-2A(RMSE = 0.162 µg/L)。使用 Yura 河口的地面实况数据(26 个采样点)对结果进行了验证。此外,结果表明,除海岸线附近(约 6 微克/升)外,尤拉河河口的叶绿素-a 浓度较低(< 2 微克/升)。观测到的叶绿素-a 与浊度之间的拟合效果良好(R2 = 0.79),表明日本无潮河口的浊度以浮游植物为主。使用这两种传感器估计的最大浊度为 1.4 FTU,表明人类活动对 Yura 河口的影响较小。该研究证明了光谱分解算法(SDA)在沿岸水域的成功应用,可进一步用于评估河口水域浮游植物的水平和时间变化。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal variation of chlorophyll-a in South Java over the past quarter-century 过去四分之一世纪南爪哇岛叶绿素-a 的季节性变化
IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10236-024-01629-4
Yusuf Jati Wijaya, Ulung Jantama Wisha, Lilik Maslukah, Seto Windarto, Anindya Wirasatriya, Muhammad Zainuri

A comprehensive investigation was conducted to examine the variations in Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) levels in the waters located to the south of Java Island throughout the past quarter-century. This study employs satellite data and reanalysis data gathered from multiple sources spanning the period between September 1997 and December 2022. The application of EOF analysis revealed that the most notable elevation in Chl-a contents took place during the seasons of SON (September, October, November) and DJF (December, January, February) in the years 1997/1998 and 2006/2007. It has been determined that this significant increase in Chl-a content in southern Java is contingent upon the fulfillment of a number of circumstances. These conditions are associated with climatic patterns in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. An elevation in Chl-a content was seen throughout the months of SON and DJF in instances where the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) had a positive phase. The concurrent occurrence of a powerful positive IOD and El Niño event in the Pacific Ocean is highly probable to result in a substantial elevation in Chl-a content in the southern region of Java. In addition, our findings indicate that the phenomenon of Kelvin wave upwelling significantly contributes to the elevation of Chl-a levels during the months of June, July, August (JJA), and SON.

为研究爪哇岛南部水域叶绿素-a(Chl-a)水平在过去四分之一个世纪中的变化情况,我们开展了一项综合调查。这项研究采用了从多个来源收集的卫星数据和再分析数据,时间跨度为 1997 年 9 月至 2022 年 12 月。应用 EOF 分析发现,在 1997/1998 年和 2006/2007 年的 SON 季节(9 月、10 月、11 月)和 DJF 季节(12 月、1 月、2 月),Chl-a 含量上升最为显著。研究发现,爪哇岛南部 Chl-a 含量的显著增加取决于一系列条件。这些条件与印度洋和太平洋的气候模式有关。在印度洋偶极子(IOD)呈正相的整个 SON 月和 DJF 月,Chl-a 含量都有所上升。印度洋偶极子和太平洋厄尔尼诺现象同时出现,极有可能导致爪哇南部地区的 Chl-a 含量大幅上升。此外,我们的研究结果表明,在 6 月、7 月、8 月(JJA)和 SON 月期间,开尔文波上升流现象极大地促进了 Chl-a 含量的升高。
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引用次数: 0
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Ocean Dynamics
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