Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"AI-assisted detection and degradation of antimicrobial drug in aquatic environment based on Bi-functional Bi2MoO6/β-cyclodextrin functionalized activated carbon","authors":"Neethu Sebastian,&nbsp;Wan-Chin Yu,&nbsp;Deepak Balram,&nbsp;Qianqiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we developed a dual-functional platform by integrating β-cyclodextrin (βCD) functionalized activated carbon (AC) with orthorhombic bismuth molybdate (Bi₂MoO₆) for the electrochemical detection and photocatalytic degradation of metronidazole (MTZ). To enable smart sensing, a neural network model optimized using Bayesian hyperparameter tuning was employed to accurately estimate MTZ concentration from peak current values, thereby achieving precise data-driven quantification. The composite material offers abundant electroactive sites and enhanced electron transfer kinetics, leading to efficient MTZ reduction at the electrode surface. The proposed system exhibited an excellent sensitivity (72.21 μAμM⁻¹cm⁻²) and a broad linear detection range (0.05–22.5 μM) with a low detection limit of 0.2 nM. It also demonstrated high selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. Further, the developed neural network model displayed high prediction accuracy in estimating MTZ concentration, as evidenced by the low root mean square error (0.18), mean absolute error (0.13), and high R² value (0.99). Ultimately, the successful MTZ detection in environmental samples, including aquaculture water, pond water, river water, and irrigation canal water with satisfactory recovery rates was realized. Additionally, the developed composite material aslo showed superior photocatalytic degradation activity toward MTZ under visible light irradiation. These results highlight the proposed system's strong potential for dual applications in environmental monitoring and photocatalytic remediation of aquatic pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"412 ","pages":"Article 145087"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and chemical variables as proxies for THM formation in wastewater disinfection in a Brazilian treatment plant","authors":"Ana Elis Moraes de Almeida,&nbsp;Lidiany Mendonça Zacaroni Lima,&nbsp;Marcelo Vieira-Filho,&nbsp;Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz,&nbsp;Camila Silva Franco","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorination is a widely used disinfection method in Brazil's wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to its cost-effectiveness. However, the formation of DBPs, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), indicates risks to human health and the environment, especially in middle- and low-income countries where DBP monitoring remains limited. To streamline monitoring, we aim to investigate how physical and chemical variables influence THM formation in sewage at a university in Brazil through regression model analysis. Raw wastewater was filtered, diluted into four proportions, and chlorinated using four hypochlorite doses. THM was measured after 24 h of contact time, and the influence of hypochlorite dose, COD, pH, turbidity, and color, on its formation was assessed. A Box-Cox regression model was developed to address nonlinearity and heteroscedasticity, achieving an R² of 87% compared to 80% in the linear regression model. The hypochlorite dose was the primary driver of TTHM formation (80%), followed by turbidity (9.8%), color (8%), and pH (3%). COD was excluded from the final model due to multicollinearity with turbidity and color, simplifying the model for practical application in resource-constrained settings. Chloroform was the dominant THM species, with its formation positively correlated with hypochlorite dose and COD levels. In contrast, brominated species exhibited no consistent patterns. This study highlights the importance of optimizing chlorine dosing and monitoring key physical and chemical parameters to mitigate DBPs formation during wastewater chlorination. The proposed Box-Cox model provides a practical and accessible framework for predicting TTHM formation, contributing to improved water quality management in regions with limited resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"412 ","pages":"Article 145109"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of meso- and microplastics ingestion in hummingbirds (Trochilidae)","authors":"Julieta Moreno,&nbsp;J. Andrés Sarquis,&nbsp;Nicolás A. Garello,&nbsp;Ariel L. Cappelletti,&nbsp;Martín C.M. Blettler","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic fragmentation represents a risk for ecosystems. Hummingbirds (Trochilidae) are nectarivorous birds restricted to the Americas, where they fulfill critical ecosystem roles as pollinators. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of meso- and microplastics (MMPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of three hummingbird species from the floodplain of the Middle Paraná River (Argentina). Necropsies were conducted to extract the stomach and intestine, which were chemically digested. All particles were counted and classified by morphology, size and color, while a representative sub-sample of fibers (n = 32) and all fragments and films were selected for FTIR characterization. A total of 237 particles were visually identified and grouped by morphology into 228 microfibers, 5 mesofibers, 3 fragments and 1 film. Size fractions between 0.063 and 2 mm accounted for 82.28% of the total of particles. Of the 36 particles chemically characterized by FTIR, 14 were confirmed as synthetic plastic polymers. Two fragments were identified as polyurethane, one as polyamide, and the only film as polyamide, while polyester (n = 6, 19%) and polypropylene (n = 4, 12%) were identified in fibers. The remaining 22 particles, all fibers, were identified as cellulose of uncertain origin (69% of the analyzed fibers). Abundance ranged from 8 to 36 particles/bird. No statistically significant differences were detected among the three species (n_Cl = 5, n_Hf = 2, n_Hc = 4). Multiple potential ingestion routes for MMPs in nectarivorous birds were proposed, including potentially contaminated nectar, pollen, water, and insect prey. These findings highlight a potential exposure concern for hummingbirds that requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"413 ","pages":"Article 145119"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic donor-acceptor GQD@g-C3N4 for the enhanced photodegradation of bisphenol a under visible light","authors":"Chen-Yu Lin,&nbsp;Ashkan Miri,&nbsp;Yang-hsin Shih,&nbsp;Yu-Chiang Chao,&nbsp;Yutong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-free photocatalysts activated under visible solar irradiation offer a promising and sustainable approach for the efficient remediation of organic contaminants in the environment. However, developing a highly efficient metal-free visible light photocatalyst remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and the inherently low specific surface area. Here, we designed a dual-modified MCNUGQD photocatalyst using a green synthesis approach to address these two critical challenges. The π–π stacked interface of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and exfoliated carbon nitride (CN) promotes photogenerated carriers separation, enhancing electron utilization efficiency. The synergistic effects of GQDs grafting and efficient nanosheet exfoliation achieved the complete removal of 1 mg/L bisphenol A (BPA) within 5 min, achieving a high reaction rate constant of 0.983 min⁻¹ and a total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of 44.5%, under the optimized conditions. Moreover, MCNUGQD demonstrated excellent adaptability under various environmental conditions and maintained high reusability over four consecutive recycling tests. This study highlights that metal-free visible-light photocatalysts can outperform metal-based/modified systems and further demonstrates their practical applicability and potential for future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"412 ","pages":"Article 145097"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering geochemical controls and seasonal dynamics of groundwater quality in a semi-arid Deccan Basalt aquifer, central India","authors":"Wasudeo B. Gurnule,&nbsp;Samruddhi G. Bawankule,&nbsp;Mamta S. Wagh","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive seasonal assessment of groundwater hydrogeochemistry and quality in Ashti tahsil, a predominantly agricultural region overlying Deccan basalt aquifers in central India. Physicochemical parameters, major ion chemistry, mineral saturation indices, and multi-parameter water quality indices were evaluated for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods across forty wells. Groundwater exhibited a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (7.1-8.0), controlled by carbonate buffering through the dissolution of calcite and dolomite. The dominant hydrochemical facies was Ca-Mg-HCO₃, reflecting carbonate dissolution and water-rock interaction with subordinate agricultural inputs. Total dissolved solids exceeded the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) acceptable limit of 500 mg/L in 55% and 45% of pre- and post-monsoon samples, respectively, indicating moderate anthropogenic influence, mainly from agricultural return flow and the leaching of fertiliser-derived soluble salts (nitrate, chloride and sulphate), which enhance dissolved ion loads in the shallow aquifer. Nitrate contamination emerged as the primary public health concern, with 40-45% of wells exceeding the 45 mg/L BIS threshold (maximum: 176 mg/L), primarily due to excessive agrochemical application. PHREEQC thermodynamic modelling confirmed near-equilibrium carbonate mineral controls, while consistently undersaturated evaporite phases (halite SI: −8.24 to −5.89; gypsum SI: −4.02 to −1.42) confirmed freshwater character. The entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) classified 40.0% and 42.5% of samples as excellent during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, with post-monsoon dilution improving the proportion of high-quality samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) resolved three components explaining 85.2% of total variance, identifying mineralisation, carbonate buffering, and agricultural contamination as the principal hydrogeochemical controls, while hierarchical cluster analysis resolved three hydrochemically distinct groups that remained stable across seasons. Seasonal hydrogeochemical processes were structurally stable, with monsoon recharge inducing transient dilution rather than long-term chemical evolution. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated nutrient management strategies and targeted aquifer protection measures to prevent irreversible degradation of this critical groundwater resource.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"412 ","pages":"Article 145107"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of KOH activation on the structural properties of durian peel biochar and its performance for PET microplastic removal","authors":"Sudarat Woeisan,&nbsp;Sandhya Babel","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments challenges conventional water treatment systems, increasing demand for sustainable removal materials. This study investigated the influence of KOH activation on the structural properties of durian peel biochar and its performance for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastic removal from aqueous systems. Batch experiments evaluated biochar modification, contact time, and solution pH. Physicochemical characterization revealed that KOH activation substantially enhanced surface area, pore development, and surface structural complexity. Post-adsorption FE-SEM showed PET retention on rough surfaces, cracks, and structural cavities, while XPS revealed an increase in the O/C atomic ratio from 0.13 to 0.21 and the appearance of an ester-related O–C<img>O component, supporting PET retention on the biochar surface. Under optimum conditions (4 g L⁻¹, pH 5, 180 min), KOH-activated biochars achieved PET removal efficiencies of 86.83-90.50%, substantially higher than unactivated biochars (51.00-51.17%) and comparable to commercial activated carbon (88.50%). PET removal decreased with increasing pH, indicating that solution chemistry influenced PET-biochar interactions. The pseudo-first-order model provided the best empirical description of the time-dependent PET retention behavior under the investigated conditions. Considering the large PET particle size (20-53 μm) relative to the predominantly microporous structure, enhanced removal was attributed primarily to accessible external-surface retention and physicochemical interactions rather than direct micropore filling. These findings demonstrate that KOH activation effectively improves the structural properties and PET retention performance of durian peel biochar, highlighting its potential as a bio-based material for microplastic mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"413 ","pages":"Article 145115"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149120232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoted hexavalent chromium removal using biochar-supported cobalt-doped molybdenum disulfide: Interfacial transformation, aging, and mechanistic insights","authors":"Binsheng Wu,&nbsp;Qilu Chen,&nbsp;Faisal Al Marzooqi,&nbsp;Osama Eljamal","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a highly toxic and mobile water pollutant whose removal is critical for environmental and human health. In this study, a rice-husk-derived biochar-supported cobalt-doped molybdenum disulfide composite (BC@Co–MoS₂) was developed for Cr(VI) removal, with emphasis on its interfacial structure, storage-induced evolution, and removal mechanism. The biochar support improved Co–MoS₂ dispersion and suppressed severe restacking, providing a heterogeneous reactive interface. One month of natural aging increased the 15-min Cr(VI) removal efficiency from approximately 31.9% to 93.8%. Controlled storage experiments showed that this performance change was associated with oxidative exposure rather than storage time alone. Naturally aged BC@Co–MoS₂ produced 240 mg L⁻¹ sulfate after 120 min, 4.8 times that of the inert-stored material, accompanied by proton-releasing behavior and oxidation-related evolution of the Mo–S domains. When self-acidification was suppressed by maintaining the solution at pH 6.0, the difference in Cr(VI) removal between fresh and aged materials decreased to approximately 2 percentage points, indicating that the apparent enhancement was governed predominantly by a pH-mediated effect rather than increased intrinsic removal capacity. Time-dependent chromium speciation revealed the transient formation of dissolved Cr(III), while Cr 2p XPS confirmed Cr(III) on the spent composite, supporting a coupled Cr(VI) reduction–retention pathway. These findings demonstrate that storage-induced interfacial evolution can substantially alter the apparent reactivity of MoS₂-based composites and should be considered when evaluating their performance and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"413 ","pages":"Article 145114"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149120257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond compost solids: system-wide per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) distribution and oxidisable precursor potential in a full-scale in-vessel composting facility","authors":"Sali Khair Biek,&nbsp;Leadin S. Khudur,&nbsp;Matthew Askeland,&nbsp;Jacob Jones,&nbsp;Kriushnapriya Sundararajan,&nbsp;Julie Besedin,&nbsp;Gerardo Aguilar Jr.,&nbsp;Andrew S. Ball","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composting of food organics and garden organics (FOGO) supports circular-economy objectives and production of recycled organic products but may facilitate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurrence across multiple matrices within processing systems. While PFAS in finished compost have been reported, information on the system-wide distribution of PFAS, including oxidisable precursors, within full-scale composting facilities remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, distribution, and oxidisable precursor potential of PFAS within a full-scale in-vessel FOGO composting facility in Victoria, Australia, focusing on leachate and leachate pit sediments as potential PFAS reservoirs. Targeted analysis of 33 PFAS and the total oxidisable precursor (TOP) assay were applied to feedstock, finished compost, leachate water, and leachate pit sediments. Mean Σ33 PFAS concentrations in feedstock (4.1 μg kg⁻¹ dw) and finished compost (4.0 μg kg⁻¹ dw) were comparable. However, PFAS were also detected in leachate-associated matrices with Σ33 PFAS concentrations of 2.7 μg kg⁻¹ dw in leachate pit sediments and 0.42 μg L⁻¹ in leachate, highlighting leachate pit sediments as an important PFAS-containing compartment within the leachate collection system. Summed perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (ΣPFCAs) increased from 1.7 to 8.0 μg kg⁻¹ dw in feedstock and from 3.2 to 9.3 μg kg⁻¹ dw in finished compost following oxidation, demonstrating the presence of oxidisable PFAS precursor potential in both matrices. Leachate pit sediments also exhibited oxidisable PFAS precursor potential. This study provides field-based evidence of PFAS occurrence and oxidisable precursor potential in leachate pit sediments within a full-scale commercial FOGO composting facility. These findings highlight the importance of considering leachate-associated residues alongside finished compost in PFAS assessment and management as regulation of recycled organics evolves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"412 ","pages":"Article 145108"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Enhancing the CO2 trapping capacity of Saudi Arabian basalt via nanofluid treatment: Implications for CO2 geo-storage’ [Chemosphere 335 (2023) 139135]","authors":"Muhammad Ali,&nbsp;Nurudeen Yekeen,&nbsp;Mirhasan Hosseini,&nbsp;Ghazanfer Raza Abbasi,&nbsp;Amer Alanazi,&nbsp;Alireza Keshavarz,&nbsp;Thomas Finkbeiner,&nbsp;Hussein Hoteit","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"413 ","pages":"Article 145110"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149120298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Green synthesis and multifunctional properties of Cu/NiO nanocomposites using Commelina benghalensis leaf extract’ [Chemosphere 362 (2024) 142805]","authors":"Ravi Kumar,&nbsp;Kuldeep Kumar,&nbsp;Naveen Thakur,&nbsp;Ahmad Umar,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Sheikh Akbar,&nbsp;Sotirios Baskoutas","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"412 ","pages":"Article 145113"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149120217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}