Faecal sludge (FS) generated from the Onsite sanitation (OSS) system has become a significant pollutant that negatively impacts the environment. Environmental contamination results from the disposal of untreated FS. In semi-urban areas where numerous toilets are linked to OSS systems, such as septic tanks and single pits, faecal sludge management (FSM) becomes crucial to ensure a safe sanitation service chain. Integral to the faecal sludge management framework, treating the FS is imperative, ensuring safe disposal and resource recovery. FS characterization plays a significant role in designing FS treatment plants. This case study characterized FS samples of OSS collected from Pilani, Rajasthan, India. The pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, chemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and capillary suction time varied from 4.64 to 7.93, 20.6 to 27.5℃, 1.857 to 6.315 mS/cm, 3430 to 95393.33 mg/l, 4406 to 160000 mg/l, 103 to 109 CFU/ml, 81.7 to 709.2 mg/l, 285 to 4471 mg/l, 149 to 1256.8 seconds respectively. The significant factors influencing the key FS characteristics parameter COD are found to be FS age (p<0.001), type of OSS (p=0.044), and for total solids, the factors affecting is identified as FS age (p<0.001), type of OSS (p=0.002) and greywater dilution (p=0.011). This case study can assist FSM stakeholders in designing FS treatment plants in Indian semi-urban towns and other developing nations with infrastructure, geographical and demographic factors, sanitation types, and FSM models similar to those in Pilani.
{"title":"A comprehensive study on the physicochemical characteristics of faecal sludge from Septic Tanks and Single Pit Latrines facilities in a typical semi-urban Indian town: A Case Study of Rajasthan, India","authors":"Harishvar Jothinathan, Ajit Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00127c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00127c","url":null,"abstract":"Faecal sludge (FS) generated from the Onsite sanitation (OSS) system has become a significant pollutant that negatively impacts the environment. Environmental contamination results from the disposal of untreated FS. In semi-urban areas where numerous toilets are linked to OSS systems, such as septic tanks and single pits, faecal sludge management (FSM) becomes crucial to ensure a safe sanitation service chain. Integral to the faecal sludge management framework, treating the FS is imperative, ensuring safe disposal and resource recovery. FS characterization plays a significant role in designing FS treatment plants. This case study characterized FS samples of OSS collected from Pilani, Rajasthan, India. The pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, chemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and capillary suction time varied from 4.64 to 7.93, 20.6 to 27.5℃, 1.857 to 6.315 mS/cm, 3430 to 95393.33 mg/l, 4406 to 160000 mg/l, 103 to 109 CFU/ml, 81.7 to 709.2 mg/l, 285 to 4471 mg/l, 149 to 1256.8 seconds respectively. The significant factors influencing the key FS characteristics parameter COD are found to be FS age (p<0.001), type of OSS (p=0.044), and for total solids, the factors affecting is identified as FS age (p<0.001), type of OSS (p=0.002) and greywater dilution (p=0.011). This case study can assist FSM stakeholders in designing FS treatment plants in Indian semi-urban towns and other developing nations with infrastructure, geographical and demographic factors, sanitation types, and FSM models similar to those in Pilani.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, two novel bidentate Schiff base ligands, namely the (1 E,1'E,2E,2'E)-N,N'-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(3-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-imine) (L1) and the tetradentate Schiff base ligand namely N1,N2-bis(2-(((1E,2E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)amino)ethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (L2), were successfully synthesized through a simple procedure. The synthesized Schiff base ligands were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Moreover, the thermal behavior was studied through thermogravimetric (TG)/differential thermal gravimetric (DTG)/differential thermal analyses (DTA) analyses under nitrogen atmosphere. Subsequently, the synthesized ligands (L1, L2) features and performances as electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs) have been investigated. A different behavior was noticed using these two ligands, with L1 which demonstrated to be the best candidate for developing a modified screen-printed carbon electrode (L1/SPCE) electrochemical Pb2+ sensor. To improve further the performances, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were depositated by an electrochemical process on the L1/SPCE platform. The developed AuNPs-L1/SPCE sensor displayed enhanced lead ion sensing with a high sensitivity of 56.78 μA μM-1 cm-2 and a detection limit of 0.298 μM. This novel sensor demonstrated promising performances for the detection of Pb2+ ions in real seawater with no sample treatment.
{"title":"Lead ions (Pb2+) Electrochemical Sensors Based on Novel Schiff Base Ligands","authors":"Zahra Akbari, Khouloud Abid, Daniela Iannazzo, Morteza Montazerozohori, Enza Fazio, Fortunato Neri, Carmelo Corsaro, Giovanni Neri","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00485j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00485j","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two novel bidentate Schiff base ligands, namely the (1 E,1'E,2E,2'E)-N,N'-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(3-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-imine) (L1) and the tetradentate Schiff base ligand namely N1,N2-bis(2-(((1E,2E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)amino)ethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (L2), were successfully synthesized through a simple procedure. The synthesized Schiff base ligands were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Moreover, the thermal behavior was studied through thermogravimetric (TG)/differential thermal gravimetric (DTG)/differential thermal analyses (DTA) analyses under nitrogen atmosphere. Subsequently, the synthesized ligands (L1, L2) features and performances as electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs) have been investigated. A different behavior was noticed using these two ligands, with L1 which demonstrated to be the best candidate for developing a modified screen-printed carbon electrode (L1/SPCE) electrochemical Pb2+ sensor. To improve further the performances, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were depositated by an electrochemical process on the L1/SPCE platform. The developed AuNPs-L1/SPCE sensor displayed enhanced lead ion sensing with a high sensitivity of 56.78 μA μM-1 cm-2 and a detection limit of 0.298 μM. This novel sensor demonstrated promising performances for the detection of Pb2+ ions in real seawater with no sample treatment.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The removal of boron from aqueous solutions offers an important opportunity to improve the management of sustainable resources. In this regard, microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are a promising bioelectrochemical approach for effective water treatment, but the integrated MDC-Donnan Dialysis (DD) process for boron removal from reverse osmosis (RO) concentrated effluents has not been investigated before. Integration of the DD process to MDC is investigated in this paper for the first time to enhance the efficiency of the process by providing pre-treatment and natural pH manipulation. Therefore, the MDC process was evaluated for boron removal from boron-containing synthetic solution, geothermal water, and RO-concentrated effluent with the help of the DD system. The highest boron removal performance, with an efficiency of 72.1% in the desalination chamber and 74.8% in the DD-feed chamber, was obtained for boron-containing synthetic solution, while the COD removal efficiency was almost 90% in all water resources. However, the maximum power density was 4818 mW/m2 with a closed circuit voltage of 1317 mV for RO concentrated water treatment due to its high ionic strength. Moreover, the most crucial output of this study is that the pH value of the system did not need to be adjusted continuously to convert the uncharged boric acid into the borate ion in the charged form owing to better manipulation of the pH by the DD system. Overall, the integrated MDC-DD system provided promising results, presenting effective boron-containing water desalination, yeast wastewater treatment, and enhanced energy production.
{"title":"Concurrent Boron Removal from Reverse Osmosis Concentrated and Energy Production using Microbial Desalination Cell-Donnan Dialysis Hybrid System","authors":"Aysegul Yagmur Gören GOREN, Hatice Eser Ökten","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00621f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00621f","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of boron from aqueous solutions offers an important opportunity to improve the management of sustainable resources. In this regard, microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are a promising bioelectrochemical approach for effective water treatment, but the integrated MDC-Donnan Dialysis (DD) process for boron removal from reverse osmosis (RO) concentrated effluents has not been investigated before. Integration of the DD process to MDC is investigated in this paper for the first time to enhance the efficiency of the process by providing pre-treatment and natural pH manipulation. Therefore, the MDC process was evaluated for boron removal from boron-containing synthetic solution, geothermal water, and RO-concentrated effluent with the help of the DD system. The highest boron removal performance, with an efficiency of 72.1% in the desalination chamber and 74.8% in the DD-feed chamber, was obtained for boron-containing synthetic solution, while the COD removal efficiency was almost 90% in all water resources. However, the maximum power density was 4818 mW/m2 with a closed circuit voltage of 1317 mV for RO concentrated water treatment due to its high ionic strength. Moreover, the most crucial output of this study is that the pH value of the system did not need to be adjusted continuously to convert the uncharged boric acid into the borate ion in the charged form owing to better manipulation of the pH by the DD system. Overall, the integrated MDC-DD system provided promising results, presenting effective boron-containing water desalination, yeast wastewater treatment, and enhanced energy production.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emad Nazari, Mohammad Hassan Vakili, Mahdi Reiszadeh
One of the sources of fresh water, especially in desert and water-scarce areas is atmospheric air. Cooling the moist air, and lowering its temperature to the dew point leads to the condensation of present water. This research used a thermoelectric cooler system to obtain water from humid air. Al2O3 /water Nano fluid was used to take the heat from the hot side of thermoelectric. Using a lab setting, the convective heat transfer coefficient of various concentrations of nanofluid was determined. According to the findings, for high Reynolds numbers, the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid is between 5000 and 7000 w/m2.K. The effect of some parameters, such as velocity, and humidity of the inlet air, as well as the nonofluid concentration on the amount of harvested water studied experimentally and numerically. The results showed that increasing the humidity of air led to an increase in the amount of water obtained and the system's performance coefficient. The maximum amount of extracted water at relative humidity of 20%, and air temperature of 35 oC was obtained at 51.3 ml/h at the inlet air velocity of 1.4 m/s and using nanofluid of 5 % wt. The velocity of inlet air had a significant effect on the performance coefficient of the system. Increasing the velocity from 1.1 to 1.6 m/s increased the COP about 30%. In general, the research results showed that thermoelectric coolers could be used to as a portable device to extract fresh water from air, even with low humidity.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of Al2O3/water nanofluid on the performance of a thermoelectric cooler to harvest water from humid air","authors":"Emad Nazari, Mohammad Hassan Vakili, Mahdi Reiszadeh","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00367e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00367e","url":null,"abstract":"One of the sources of fresh water, especially in desert and water-scarce areas is atmospheric air. Cooling the moist air, and lowering its temperature to the dew point leads to the condensation of present water. This research used a thermoelectric cooler system to obtain water from humid air. Al2O3 /water Nano fluid was used to take the heat from the hot side of thermoelectric. Using a lab setting, the convective heat transfer coefficient of various concentrations of nanofluid was determined. According to the findings, for high Reynolds numbers, the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid is between 5000 and 7000 w/m2.K. The effect of some parameters, such as velocity, and humidity of the inlet air, as well as the nonofluid concentration on the amount of harvested water studied experimentally and numerically. The results showed that increasing the humidity of air led to an increase in the amount of water obtained and the system's performance coefficient. The maximum amount of extracted water at relative humidity of 20%, and air temperature of 35 oC was obtained at 51.3 ml/h at the inlet air velocity of 1.4 m/s and using nanofluid of 5 % wt. The velocity of inlet air had a significant effect on the performance coefficient of the system. Increasing the velocity from 1.1 to 1.6 m/s increased the COP about 30%. In general, the research results showed that thermoelectric coolers could be used to as a portable device to extract fresh water from air, even with low humidity.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiqi Liu, Guoxia Wei, Hanqiao Liu, Yuwen Zhu, Huizhen Shi, Yi Lian
Sewage sludge (SS) thermochemical treatment is considered as an effective management scheme in the transition to low carbon and sustainable development from conventional SS treatment. According to temperature and atmosphere, SS thermochemical treatment technologies are primarily categorized into thermal hydrolysis (TH), medium-temperature pyrolysis carbonization (MPC), high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, gasification incineration, and incineration. Herein, the life cycle assessment (LCA), energy efficiency analysis (EEA), and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) methods were used to examine the environmental, energy, and economics performances of five different SS thermochemical technologies. The LCA results indicate that MPC are environmentally favorable, with incineration being the most impactful in terms of environmental burden, MPC has a global warming potential (GWP) index of 163.63 kg CO2 eq, significantly lower than the 306.37 kg CO2 eq impact generated by incineration. The EEA results show that energy recovery rate increases with the temperature of thermochemical treatment. Economically, MPC has the best economic benefits, CBA and environmental-CBA results are 97.39 and 87.17 RMB per tonne, respectively. Ultimately, scenario analyses illustrate that technological improvements by adding inorganic-organic separation pretreatment before MPC are beneficial to the reduction of environmental indicator values, especially by up to 42.48%-44.21% in terms of ecological and human health hazards, and an additional economic benefit of 10.22%.
{"title":"From Waste to Resource: A Multidimensional Analysis of Sewage Sludge Thermochemical Treatment Efficiency across Temperatures","authors":"Shiqi Liu, Guoxia Wei, Hanqiao Liu, Yuwen Zhu, Huizhen Shi, Yi Lian","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00255e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00255e","url":null,"abstract":"Sewage sludge (SS) thermochemical treatment is considered as an effective management scheme in the transition to low carbon and sustainable development from conventional SS treatment. According to temperature and atmosphere, SS thermochemical treatment technologies are primarily categorized into thermal hydrolysis (TH), medium-temperature pyrolysis carbonization (MPC), high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, gasification incineration, and incineration. Herein, the life cycle assessment (LCA), energy efficiency analysis (EEA), and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) methods were used to examine the environmental, energy, and economics performances of five different SS thermochemical technologies. The LCA results indicate that MPC are environmentally favorable, with incineration being the most impactful in terms of environmental burden, MPC has a global warming potential (GWP) index of 163.63 kg CO2 eq, significantly lower than the 306.37 kg CO2 eq impact generated by incineration. The EEA results show that energy recovery rate increases with the temperature of thermochemical treatment. Economically, MPC has the best economic benefits, CBA and environmental-CBA results are 97.39 and 87.17 RMB per tonne, respectively. Ultimately, scenario analyses illustrate that technological improvements by adding inorganic-organic separation pretreatment before MPC are beneficial to the reduction of environmental indicator values, especially by up to 42.48%-44.21% in terms of ecological and human health hazards, and an additional economic benefit of 10.22%.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, a two-stage reaction system was developed, incorporating a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and a photocatalytic reactor. This was based on the preparation of suspended graphitic carbon carriers, with the aim of investigating the system's efficacy in removing low-concentration tetracycline wastewater. Initially, the preparation conditions for the novel floating composite photocatalyst were optimized. Then the photocatalytic reaction system was constructed using this photocatalyst to remove convective dynamic tetracycline wastewater. The maximum degradation rate of tetracycline wastewater, with an influent concentration of 50 mg/L, achieved in the photocatalytic reaction system was 99.32%. Subsequently, the working conditions of the bio-MBBR reaction system were optimized, including chemical oxygen demand (COD) and filler feeding rate. The optimal reaction conditions were then selected and combined with the photocatalytic reaction system to investigate the treatment effect on tetracycline wastewater of varying concentrations. The results indicated that even when the concentration of tetracycline (TC) in the influent water remained at 3 mg/L for 11 days, the average removal rates of TC, COD, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) were still 92.25%, 87.43%, 87.49%, 66.81%, and 95.72%, respectively. This suggests that the MBBR coupled photocatalytic reactor has a significant removal effect on wastewater containing low concentrations of antibiotics.
{"title":"Study of advanced treatment of low concentration tetracycline wastewater in two-stage MBBR system","authors":"Kuaile Zhao, Hanyu Chen, Zhaoran Wang, Baozhong Zhang, Kunfeng Zhang, Huikang Zhang, Wanbin Hong","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00313f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00313f","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a two-stage reaction system was developed, incorporating a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and a photocatalytic reactor. This was based on the preparation of suspended graphitic carbon carriers, with the aim of investigating the system's efficacy in removing low-concentration tetracycline wastewater. Initially, the preparation conditions for the novel floating composite photocatalyst were optimized. Then the photocatalytic reaction system was constructed using this photocatalyst to remove convective dynamic tetracycline wastewater. The maximum degradation rate of tetracycline wastewater, with an influent concentration of 50 mg/L, achieved in the photocatalytic reaction system was 99.32%. Subsequently, the working conditions of the bio-MBBR reaction system were optimized, including chemical oxygen demand (COD) and filler feeding rate. The optimal reaction conditions were then selected and combined with the photocatalytic reaction system to investigate the treatment effect on tetracycline wastewater of varying concentrations. The results indicated that even when the concentration of tetracycline (TC) in the influent water remained at 3 mg/L for 11 days, the average removal rates of TC, COD, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) were still 92.25%, 87.43%, 87.49%, 66.81%, and 95.72%, respectively. This suggests that the MBBR coupled photocatalytic reactor has a significant removal effect on wastewater containing low concentrations of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rimsha Khalid, Isham Areej, Faiza Ashraf, Saqlain Raza, Isham Areej Abid, Tayyab Ahsan, Tan Bien
This study focuses on the removal of uranium ions from nuclear wastewater by fabricating an inorganic-organic hybrid cyclic and linear polyphosphazenes based polymer. Synthesized HCP-A and HCP-B had BET surface areas of 497.06 m2/g and 410.75 m2/g, respectively, while pore size distribution (PSD) was under 1 to 20 nm. Maximum removal efficiency of uranium by HCP-A and HCP-B for lab prepared sample was found 97.6 % and 95.2 % respectively at pH 6, contact period of 80 minutes, an adsorbent weight of 0.6 g, and temperature of 25 °C, while for lab prepared nuclear wastewater sample it was 83.9 % and 79.8 %, respectively. Lone pair-cation interactions, metal ligand complexation, hydrogen bonding, cation-pi interactions and electrostatic interactions are responsible for adsorption. The point of zero charge (PZC) of both HCPs is at pH 4.6. The optimal uranium uptake capacities of HCP-A and HCP-B were found to be 714.28 mg/g and 555.56 mg/g, respectively. Freundlich model is the best match for uranium adsorption by both HCPs, with R2 values of 0.9775 and 0.9931, respectively. The adsorption kinetics study exhibits that it fits a pseudo 2nd order kinetic model with R2 values of 0.9446 for HCP-A and 0.9882 for HCP-B. The uranium uptake process was found to be spontaneous and exothermic in nature. For HCP-A and HCP-B, Gibbs free energy (ΔG) was found -1.516 kJ ¬mol−1 and -0.27 kJ -mol−1, enthalpy change (ΔH) −41.59 kJ ¬mol−1 and −40.65 kJ ¬mol−1, and entropy change (ΔS) –0.134 kJ ¬mol−1 ¬K−1 and −0.136 kJ ¬mol−1 ¬K−1, respectively. The reusability of HCPs with minor decrease (2 % and 1 %) in their adsorption capability suggests that they can be used in industrial level applications.
{"title":"Polyphosphazene-based hyper crosslinked polymer for efficient uranium ion removal from nuclear wastewater","authors":"Rimsha Khalid, Isham Areej, Faiza Ashraf, Saqlain Raza, Isham Areej Abid, Tayyab Ahsan, Tan Bien","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00614c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00614c","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the removal of uranium ions from nuclear wastewater by fabricating an inorganic-organic hybrid cyclic and linear polyphosphazenes based polymer. Synthesized HCP-A and HCP-B had BET surface areas of 497.06 m2/g and 410.75 m2/g, respectively, while pore size distribution (PSD) was under 1 to 20 nm. Maximum removal efficiency of uranium by HCP-A and HCP-B for lab prepared sample was found 97.6 % and 95.2 % respectively at pH 6, contact period of 80 minutes, an adsorbent weight of 0.6 g, and temperature of 25 °C, while for lab prepared nuclear wastewater sample it was 83.9 % and 79.8 %, respectively. Lone pair-cation interactions, metal ligand complexation, hydrogen bonding, cation-pi interactions and electrostatic interactions are responsible for adsorption. The point of zero charge (PZC) of both HCPs is at pH 4.6. The optimal uranium uptake capacities of HCP-A and HCP-B were found to be 714.28 mg/g and 555.56 mg/g, respectively. Freundlich model is the best match for uranium adsorption by both HCPs, with R2 values of 0.9775 and 0.9931, respectively. The adsorption kinetics study exhibits that it fits a pseudo 2nd order kinetic model with R2 values of 0.9446 for HCP-A and 0.9882 for HCP-B. The uranium uptake process was found to be spontaneous and exothermic in nature. For HCP-A and HCP-B, Gibbs free energy (ΔG) was found -1.516 kJ ¬mol−1 and -0.27 kJ -mol−1, enthalpy change (ΔH) −41.59 kJ ¬mol−1 and −40.65 kJ ¬mol−1, and entropy change (ΔS) –0.134 kJ ¬mol−1 ¬K−1 and −0.136 kJ ¬mol−1 ¬K−1, respectively. The reusability of HCPs with minor decrease (2 % and 1 %) in their adsorption capability suggests that they can be used in industrial level applications.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chan Woo Park, Sung-Wook Kim, Hyung-Ju Kim, Euna Jeong, In-Ho Yoon
In this study, we investigated pervaporative hydrogen isotope separation behaviors in proton-conductive membranes. Perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) and polybenzimidazole membranes exhibited similar hydrogen isotope separation factors, with varying water permeation fluxes based on membrane type and thickness. Increasing temperature improved water permeation flux, while the H/D separation factor remained unaffected. The highest H/D separation factor (1.086) was achieved with a single layer of Nafion at reduced vacuum, surpassing the 16O/18O separation factor (1.015). The observed H/D separation behavior is attributed to the mobility difference between hydrons (H+ and D+) rather than bulk water diffusion (H3O+ and H2DO+). Experiments with heavy metal-exchanged Nafion membranes suggested a negligible contribution of direct H/D ion exchange of sulfonic acid to the overall H/D separation factor. Additionally, water pervaporation through two membranes increased the H/D separation factor.
{"title":"Separation behavior of hydrogen isotopes via water pervaporation using proton conductive membranes","authors":"Chan Woo Park, Sung-Wook Kim, Hyung-Ju Kim, Euna Jeong, In-Ho Yoon","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00330f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00330f","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated pervaporative hydrogen isotope separation behaviors in proton-conductive membranes. Perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) and polybenzimidazole membranes exhibited similar hydrogen isotope separation factors, with varying water permeation fluxes based on membrane type and thickness. Increasing temperature improved water permeation flux, while the H/D separation factor remained unaffected. The highest H/D separation factor (1.086) was achieved with a single layer of Nafion at reduced vacuum, surpassing the <small><sup>16</sup></small>O/<small><sup>18</sup></small>O separation factor (1.015). The observed H/D separation behavior is attributed to the mobility difference between hydrons (H<small><sup>+</sup></small> and D<small><sup>+</sup></small>) rather than bulk water diffusion (H<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sup>+</sup></small> and H<small><sub>2</sub></small>DO<small><sup>+</sup></small>). Experiments with heavy metal-exchanged Nafion membranes suggested a negligible contribution of direct H/D ion exchange of sulfonic acid to the overall H/D separation factor. Additionally, water pervaporation through two membranes increased the H/D separation factor.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Access to clean and potable groundwater is paramount for sustaining human health and ecological balance. Traditional groundwater purification techniques often fall short in addressing emerging contaminants and increasing water scarcity challenges. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), around 2 billion individuals worldwide rely on a drinking water source that is contaminated with faeces. In India, approximately 163 million individuals do not have access to potable water, rendering it a notable concern. Advanced membrane technologies have emerged as promising solutions for groundwater purification due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability. In recent years, the incorporation of nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, and nanocomposites into membrane structures has revolutionized the field of groundwater purification. These nanomaterials offer unique properties, including a high surface area, tuneable surface chemistry, and exceptional mechanical strength, which significantly enhance membrane separation processes. Their application has resulted in improved removal efficiencies for various contaminants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and microorganisms. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in membrane-based groundwater purification, with a specific focus on the integration of nanomaterials to enhance membrane performance. It explores the key mechanisms by which nanomaterial-enhanced membranes enhance groundwater purification, including increased adsorption capacity, reduced fouling, and improved selectivity. Moreover, the environmental sustainability of these advanced membranes is discussed, highlighting their potential to reduce energy consumption and chemical usage compared to conventional purification methods. Additionally, this review sheds light on the challenges and prospects associated with implementing nanomaterial-enhanced membranes at a larger scale, considering factors such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance. It also emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research collaborations among materials scientists, engineers, and environmental experts to address these challenges effectively.
{"title":"Role of nanomaterials in advanced membrane technologies for groundwater purification","authors":"Manoj Chandra Garg, Sheetal Kumari, Neeraj Malik","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00353e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00353e","url":null,"abstract":"Access to clean and potable groundwater is paramount for sustaining human health and ecological balance. Traditional groundwater purification techniques often fall short in addressing emerging contaminants and increasing water scarcity challenges. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), around 2 billion individuals worldwide rely on a drinking water source that is contaminated with faeces. In India, approximately 163 million individuals do not have access to potable water, rendering it a notable concern. Advanced membrane technologies have emerged as promising solutions for groundwater purification due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability. In recent years, the incorporation of nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, and nanocomposites into membrane structures has revolutionized the field of groundwater purification. These nanomaterials offer unique properties, including a high surface area, tuneable surface chemistry, and exceptional mechanical strength, which significantly enhance membrane separation processes. Their application has resulted in improved removal efficiencies for various contaminants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and microorganisms. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in membrane-based groundwater purification, with a specific focus on the integration of nanomaterials to enhance membrane performance. It explores the key mechanisms by which nanomaterial-enhanced membranes enhance groundwater purification, including increased adsorption capacity, reduced fouling, and improved selectivity. Moreover, the environmental sustainability of these advanced membranes is discussed, highlighting their potential to reduce energy consumption and chemical usage compared to conventional purification methods. Additionally, this review sheds light on the challenges and prospects associated with implementing nanomaterial-enhanced membranes at a larger scale, considering factors such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance. It also emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research collaborations among materials scientists, engineers, and environmental experts to address these challenges effectively.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the growing demand for water in human society, the shortage of water resources has become the bottleneck of ecological civilization construction and social and economic sustainable development. Therefore, the circulation and development of water resources are important measures to ensure water resources and water security. Capacitive deionization technology (CDI) offers numerous advantages, including high efficiency, energy savings, ease of operation, and renewability. It has been actively developed as a promising new technology. Following decades of research, the application of CDI has become increasingly widespread. Most of the existing literature reviews, however, are only related to seawater desalination. Consequently, this paper mainly emphasizes the most current research progress in various application fields of CDI in water treatment. The focus of this paper is on the application principles and progress of CDI in water treatment, introducing and analyzing potential research findings of CDI in water desalination, water softening, removal of heavy metals, purification of industrial wastewater, and removal of nutrients. The summary and comparison include CDI and other ion treatment technologies, such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and membrane distillation. Secondly, the latest research progress on CDI coupling technology is discussed. Finally, some suggestions on the presentation present the progress of CDI technology and the prospects for the future.
{"title":"Application of capacitive deionization technology in water treatment and coupling technology: a review","authors":"Shumin He, Tong Zhu, Youzhao Wang, Wei Xiong, Xiaolong Gao and Enbo Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00413B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EW00413B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the growing demand for water in human society, the shortage of water resources has become the bottleneck of ecological civilization construction and social and economic sustainable development. Therefore, the circulation and development of water resources are important measures to ensure water resources and water security. Capacitive deionization technology (CDI) offers numerous advantages, including high efficiency, energy savings, ease of operation, and renewability. It has been actively developed as a promising new technology. Following decades of research, the application of CDI has become increasingly widespread. Most of the existing literature reviews, however, are only related to seawater desalination. Consequently, this paper mainly emphasizes the most current research progress in various application fields of CDI in water treatment. The focus of this paper is on the application principles and progress of CDI in water treatment, introducing and analyzing potential research findings of CDI in water desalination, water softening, removal of heavy metals, purification of industrial wastewater, and removal of nutrients. The summary and comparison include CDI and other ion treatment technologies, such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and membrane distillation. Secondly, the latest research progress on CDI coupling technology is discussed. Finally, some suggestions on the presentation present the progress of CDI technology and the prospects for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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