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Simultaneous inversion of four physical parameters of hydrate reservoir for high accuracy porosity estimation 同时反演水合物储层的四个物理参数,实现高精度孔隙度估算
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13615
Yuning Yan, Hongbing Li

Estimation of the porosity of a hydrate reservoir is essential for its exploration and development. However, the estimation accuracy was usually less certain in most previous studies that simply assumed that there is a linear relationship between the porosity and single-elastic wave velocities or other rock physical parameters, thus affecting the evaluation of the reserves. In the three-phase Biot-type equations that are fundamental to model a hydrate-bearing reservoir, porosity, alongside hydrate saturation, mineral constituent proportions and hydrate–grain contact factor, is non-linearly responded by density, compressional and shear wave velocities. To improve porosity estimation, we propose to invert simultaneously four-parameter (porosity, hydrate saturation, mineral constituent proportions and hydrate–grain contact factor) using an iteratively nonlinear interior-point optimization algorithm to solve a nonlinear objective function that is a summation of the squared misfits between the well log and three-phase Biot-type equation–modelled density, compressional and shear wave velocities. A test in Mount Elbert gas hydrate research well was conducted for the case of a gas hydrate stratigraphic test well where elastic wave velocities, density, porosity and mineral composition analysis data are available. The four-parameter inversion yielded a lower root mean square error for porosity (0.0245) across the entire well-logging section compared to previous estimations from the linear relationship, post-stacked and pre-stacked seismic traces as well as the pore-filling effective medium theory model applied to other well cases. Additionally, the other three parameters demonstrated good agreement with well logs. Inversion tests conducted at three additional hydrate sites also produced accurate results. Consequently, the new method surpasses previous approaches in porosity estimation accuracy.

水合物储层孔隙度的估算对其勘探和开发至关重要。然而,以往的大多数研究都简单地假设孔隙度与单弹性波速或其他岩石物理参数之间存在线性关系,因此估算精度通常不太确定,从而影响储量评估。在作为含水储层基本模型的三相 Biot 型方程中,孔隙度与水合物饱和度、矿物成分比例和水合物-晶粒接触因子一起,与密度、压缩波速和剪切波速呈非线性反应。为改进孔隙度估算,我们建议使用迭代非线性内点优化算法同时反演四个参数(孔隙度、水合物饱和度、矿物成分比例和水合物-晶粒接触因子),以求解非线性目标函数,该函数是测井曲线与三相毕奥特方程模拟的密度、压缩和剪切波速度之间的误差平方和。在埃尔伯特山天然气水合物研究井中进行了一项测试,测试对象是一口天然气水合物地层测试井,该井有弹性波速、密度、孔隙度和矿物成分分析数据。与以前通过线性关系、叠后和叠前地震道以及应用于其他井况的孔隙充填有效介质理论模型进行的估算相比,四参数反演在整个测井剖面上得出的孔隙度均方根误差(0.0245)更小。此外,其他三个参数与测井记录也有很好的一致性。在另外三个水合物地点进行的反演测试也得出了准确的结果。因此,新方法在孔隙度估算精度方面超过了以前的方法。
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引用次数: 0
A mollifier approach to seismic data representation 地震数据表示方法
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13613
F. P. L. Strijbos

The extension of the seismic bandwidth to lower frequencies enhances impedance contrasts that can be poorly represented by the broadband acquisition wavelet. Furthermore, long filters that are used to shape the wavelet of processed data can cause issues with noise, phase and interference between seismic events. In this paper, we use a mathematical technique known as mollification to resolve impedance variations with the highest detail allowed by the bandwidth of the data. The mollifier is integrated and windowed to match the low-frequency content of the data to yield a convenient conversion to relative impedance. Synthetic data created from wedge models show that the windowed mollifier provides an improved representation of the impedance profile. This is replicated by application to an acoustic well log and a regular seismic dataset recorded in the Southern North Sea as well as a broadband dataset recorded in the North Sea.

将地震带宽扩展到较低频率可增强阻抗对比,而宽带采集小波无法很好地体现这种对比。此外,用于塑造处理后数据小波的长滤波器可能会导致噪声、相位和地震事件之间的干扰等问题。在本文中,我们使用一种被称为 "摩尔化 "的数学技术,在数据带宽允许的最高细节范围内解决阻抗变化问题。对模拟器进行整合和窗口处理,使其与数据的低频内容相匹配,从而方便地转换为相对阻抗。根据楔形模型创建的合成数据显示,加窗的模拟器能更好地表示阻抗曲线。将其应用于在北海南部记录的声学测井记录和常规地震数据集以及北海记录的宽带数据集,可以复制这一结果。
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引用次数: 0
Analytic solutions for effective elastic moduli of isotropic solids containing oblate spheroid pores with critical porosity 包含具有临界孔隙率的扁球形孔隙的各向同性固体有效弹性模量的解析解
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13608
Zhaoyun Zong, Fubin Chen, Xingyao Yin, Reza Rezaee, Théo Le Gallais
<p>Accurate characterization for effective elastic moduli of porous solids is crucial for better understanding their mechanical behaviour and wave propagation, which has found many applications in the fields of engineering, rock physics and exploration geophysics. We choose the spheroids with different aspect ratios to describe the various pore geometries in porous solids. The approximate equations for compressibility and shear compliance of spheroid pores and differential effective medium theory constrained by critical porosity are used to derive the asymptotic solutions for effective elastic moduli of the solids containing randomly oriented spheroids. The critical porosity in the new asymptotic solutions can be flexibly adjusted according to the elastic moduli – porosity relation of a real solid, thus extending the application of classic David-Zimmerman model because it simply assumes the critical porosity is one. The asymptotic solutions are valid for the solids containing crack-like oblate spheroids with aspect ratio <span></span><math> <semantics> <mi>α</mi> <annotation>$alpha $</annotation> </semantics></math>< 0.3, nearly spherical pores (0.7 < <span></span><math> <semantics> <mi>α</mi> <annotation>$alpha $</annotation> </semantics></math>< 1.3) and needle-like prolate pores with <span></span><math> <semantics> <mi>α</mi> <annotation>$alpha $</annotation> </semantics></math> > 3, instead of just valid in the limiting cases, for example perfectly spherical pores (<span></span><math> <semantics> <mi>α</mi> <annotation>$alpha $</annotation> </semantics></math>= 1) and infinite thin cracks (<span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mspace></mspace> <mo>→</mo> </mrow> <annotation>$alpha to $</annotation> </semantics></math>0). The modelling results also show that the accuracies of asymptotic solutions are weakly affected by the critical porosity <span></span><math> <semantics> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <annotation>${{phi }_{mathrm{c}}}$</annotation> </semantics></math> and grain Poisson's ratio <span></span><math> <semantics> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <annotation>${{v}_0}$</annotation> </semantics></math>, although the elastic moduli have appreciable dependency of <span></span><math> <semantics> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> <annotation>${{phi }_{mathrm{c}}}$</anno
准确表征多孔固体的有效弹性模量对于更好地理解其力学行为和波的传播至关重要,这在工程、岩石物理和勘探地球物理领域有很多应用。我们选择不同长宽比的球面来描述多孔固体中的各种孔隙几何形状。利用球形孔隙的可压缩性和剪切顺应性近似方程以及临界孔隙度约束的微分有效介质理论,推导出含有随机取向球形体的固体的有效弹性模量渐近解。新渐近解中的临界孔隙率可根据实际固体的弹性模量-孔隙率关系灵活调整,从而扩展了经典戴维-齐默尔曼模型的应用范围,因为该模型只是假设临界孔隙率为一。渐近解适用于包含长宽比为 α $alpha $ < 0.3 的裂缝状扁球体、近似球形孔隙(0.7 < α $alpha $ < 1.3)和针状突起孔隙(α $alpha $ >3),而不只是在极限情况下有效,例如完全球形孔隙(α $alpha $ = 1)和无限细裂缝(α → $alpha to $ 0)。建模结果还表明,尽管弹性模量与临界孔隙率 ϕ c ${{phi }_{mathrm{c}}$ 和晶粒泊松比 v 0 ${{v}_0}$ 有明显的相关性,但渐近解的精确度受临界孔隙率 ϕ c ${{phi }_{mathrm{c}}$ 和晶粒泊松比 v 0 ${{v}_0}$ 的影响较小。然后,我们将孔隙可压缩性和剪切顺应性的近似方程作为 Mori-Tanaka 和 Kuster-Toksoz 理论的输入,并将它们的计算结果与我们从微分有效介质理论得出的结果进行比较。通过比较已公布的实验室测量结果与建模结果,我们验证了有效弹性模量的渐近解。
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引用次数: 0
An novel finite difference dispersion error elimination mechanism in the Lax–Wendroff high-order time discretization 拉克斯-温德罗夫高阶时间离散化中的新型有限差分离散误差消除机制
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13611
Wenquan Liang, Yanfei Wang

Time domain finite difference methods have been widely used for wave-equation modelling in exploration geophysics over many decades. When using time domain finite difference methods, it is desirable to use a larger time step so as to save numerical simulation time. The Lax–Wendroff method is one of the well-known methods to allow larger time step without increasing the time grid dispersion. However, the Lax–Wendroff method suffers from more time consumption because there are more spatial derivatives required to be approximated by the finite difference operators. We propose a new finite difference scheme for the Lax–Wendroff method so as to reduce the numerical simulation time. Then we determine the finite difference operator coefficients and analyse the dispersion error of the proposed finite difference scheme for the Lax–Wendroff method. At last, we apply the proposed finite difference scheme for the Lax–Wendroff method to different velocity models. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed finite difference scheme for the Lax–Wendroff method can effectively suppress time grid dispersion and is more efficient compared to the traditional finite difference scheme for the Lax–Wendroff method.

几十年来,时域有限差分法被广泛用于勘探地球物理的波方程建模。在使用时域有限差分法时,最好使用较大的时间步长,以节省数值模拟时间。Lax-Wendroff 方法是一种著名的方法,可以在不增加时间网格离散度的情况下实现较大的时间步长。然而,Lax-Wendroff 方法耗时较多,因为有更多的空间导数需要用有限差分算子来近似。我们为 Lax-Wendroff 方法提出了一种新的有限差分方案,以减少数值模拟时间。然后,我们确定了有限差分算子系数,并分析了所提出的 Lax-Wendroff 方法有限差分方案的分散误差。最后,我们将所提出的 Lax-Wendroff 方法有限差分方案应用于不同的速度模型。数值模拟结果表明,与传统的 Lax-Wendroff 方法有限差分方案相比,所提出的 Lax-Wendroff 方法有限差分方案能有效抑制时间网格离散,效率更高。
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引用次数: 0
An efficient pseudoelastic pure P-mode wave equation and the implementation of the free surface boundary condition 高效伪弹性纯 P 模波方程和自由表面边界条件的实现
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13610
Xinru Mu, Tariq Alkhalifah

Based on the elastic wave equation, a pseudoelastic pure P-mode wave equation has been recently derived by projecting the wavefield along the wavefront normal direction. This pseudoelastic pure P-mode wave equation offers an accurate simulation of P-wave fields with accurate elastic phase and amplitude characteristics. Moreover, considering no S-waves are involved, it is computationally more efficient than the elastic wave equation, making it an excellent choice as a forward simulation engine for P-wave exploration. Here, we propose a new pseudoelastic pure P-mode wave equation and apply the stress image method to it to implement the free surface boundary condition. The new pseudoelastic wave equation offers significantly improved computational efficiency compared to the previous pseudoelastic wave equation. Additionally, the wavefields simulated by this new pseudoelastic wave equation exhibit clear physical interpretations. We evaluate the accuracy of the new wave equation in simulating elastic P-waves by employing a model with high-velocity contrasts. We find that this new equation, which purely admits P-waves, though having exact amplitude and phase behaviour as the elastic waves for transmission components, the amplitudes slightly suffer in the scattering scenario. The difference in amplitude between the elastic and our pseudoelastic increases as the contrast in velocity at the interface (interlayer velocity ratio) increases, especially the S-wave velocities. This has negative implications on scattering from the free surface boundary condition or the sea bottom interface, especially if the shear wave velocity below the surface or the sea bottom is high. However, in cases where, like for land data in the Middle East, the transition to a free surface is smoother, the accuracy of the pseudoelastic equation is high. In all cases, regardless of the interlayer velocity ratio, the accuracy of the pseudoelastic wave equation in simulating the elastic case, for scattered waves, exceeds that of the acoustic wave equation in phase and amplitude.

最近,在弹性波方程的基础上,通过沿波面法线方向投影波场,推导出了伪弹性纯 P 模波方程。这种伪弹性纯 P 模式波方程可以精确模拟 P 波场,并具有精确的弹性相位和振幅特征。此外,考虑到不涉及 S 波,它在计算上比弹性波方程更高效,因此是 P 波探索前向模拟引擎的绝佳选择。在此,我们提出了一种新的伪弹性纯 P 模波方程,并将应力图像法应用于该方程,以实现自由表面边界条件。与之前的伪弹性波方程相比,新的伪弹性波方程大大提高了计算效率。此外,新的伪弹性波方程模拟的波场具有清晰的物理解释。我们通过使用一个高速对比模型来评估新波方程模拟弹性 P 波的准确性。我们发现,这种纯粹接纳 P 波的新方程虽然在传输成分上与弹性波具有完全相同的振幅和相位行为,但在散射情况下振幅略有减弱。随着界面速度对比(层间速度比)的增大,尤其是 S 波速度的增大,弹性波与我们的伪弹性波之间的振幅差异也会增大。这对自由表面边界条件或海底界面的散射有负面影响,尤其是当表面或海底下面的剪切波速度较高时。然而,在一些情况下,如中东地区的陆地数据,向自由表面的过渡比较平滑,伪弹性方程的精确度很高。在所有情况下,无论层间速度比如何,伪弹性波方程在模拟弹性情况下的散射波时,其相位和振幅精度都超过声波方程。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-equalization for time-lapse sparker seismic data 延时火花塞地震数据的交叉均衡
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13600
Soojin Lee, Jongpil Won, Hyunggu Jun

Time-lapse seismic data processing is an important technique for observing subsurface changes over time. The conventional time-lapse seismic exploration has been conducted using a large-scale exploration system. However, for efficient monitoring of shallow subsurface, time-lapse monitoring based on the small-scale exploration system is required. Small-scale exploration system using a sparker source offers high vertical resolution and cost efficiency, but it faces challenges, such as inconsistent waveforms of sparker sources, inaccurate positioning information and a low signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, this study proposes a data processing workflow to preserve the signal and enhance the repeatability of small-scale time-lapse seismic data acquired using a sparker source. The proposed workflow has three stages: pre-stack, post-stack and machine learning–based data processing. Conventional seismic data processing methods were applied to enhance the quality of the sparker seismic data during the pre-stack data processing stage. In the post-stack processing stage, the positions and energy correction were performed, and the machine learning–based data processing stage attenuated random noise and applied a matched filter. The data processing was performed using only the seismic signals recorded near the seafloor, and the results confirmed the improvement in the repeatability of the entire seismic profile, including that of the target area. According to the repeatability quantification results, the predictability increased and the normalized root mean square decreased during data processing, indicating improved repeatability. In particular, the repeatability of the data was greatly improved through vertical correction, energy correction and matched filtering approaches. The processing results demonstrate that the data processing method proposed in this study can effectively enhance the repeatability of high-resolution time-lapse seismic data. Consequently, this approach could contribute to a more accurate understanding of temporal changes in subsurface structure and material properties.

延时地震数据处理是观测地下随时间变化的一项重要技术。传统的延时地震勘探是利用大型勘探系统进行的。然而,为了有效监测浅表次表层,需要基于小型勘探系统的延时监测。使用火花源的小规模勘探系统具有较高的垂直分辨率和成本效益,但也面临着火花源波形不一致、定位信息不准确和信噪比低等挑战。因此,本研究提出了一种数据处理工作流程,以保存使用火花源采集的小尺度延时地震数据的信号并提高其可重复性。提出的工作流程分为三个阶段:叠前、叠后和基于机器学习的数据处理。在叠前数据处理阶段,采用传统的地震数据处理方法来提高火花源地震数据的质量。在叠后处理阶段,进行了位置和能量校正,在基于机器学习的数据处理阶段,减弱了随机噪声并应用了匹配滤波器。数据处理仅使用海底附近记录的地震信号,结果证实包括目标区域在内的整个地震剖面的重复性得到了改善。根据重复性量化结果,在数据处理过程中,预测性提高,归一化均方根降低,表明重复性提高。特别是,通过垂直校正、能量校正和匹配滤波等方法,数据的重复性大大提高。处理结果表明,本研究提出的数据处理方法可有效提高高分辨率延时地震数据的重复性。因此,这种方法有助于更准确地了解地下结构和物质属性的时间变化。
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引用次数: 0
Accurate identification of salt domes using deep learning techniques: Transformers, generative artificial intelligence and liquid state machines 利用深度学习技术准确识别盐穹:变压器、生成式人工智能和液态机器
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13603
Kamal Souadih, Anis Mohammedi, Sofia Chergui

Across various global regions abundant in oil and natural gas reserves, the presence of substantial sub-surface salt deposits holds significant relevance. Accurate identification of salt domes becomes crucial for enterprises engaged in oil and gas exploration. Our research introduces a precise method for the automatic detection of salt domes, leveraging advanced deep learning architectures such as U-net, transformers, artificial intelligence generative models and liquid state machines. In comparison with state-of-the-art techniques, our model demonstrates superior performance, achieving a stable and validated 96%$96%$ intersection over the union metric, indicating high accuracy and robustness. Furthermore, the Dice similarity coefficient attaining 90%$90%$ underscores the model's proficiency in closely aligning with ground truth across diverse scenarios. This evaluation, conducted on 1000 seismic images, reveals that our proposed architecture is not only comparable but often surpasses existing segmentation models in effectiveness and reliability.

在全球各个石油和天然气储量丰富的地区,大量地下盐沉积的存在具有重要意义。准确识别盐穹对于从事石油和天然气勘探的企业来说至关重要。我们的研究利用 U-网络、变压器、人工智能生成模型和液态机等先进的深度学习架构,介绍了一种自动检测盐穹的精确方法。与最先进的技术相比,我们的模型表现出卓越的性能,在union度量上实现了稳定且有效的交集,显示出高精度和鲁棒性。此外,Dice 相似性系数的获得强调了该模型在各种情况下与地面实况密切吻合的能力。在对 1000 幅地震图像进行评估后发现,我们提出的架构不仅在有效性和可靠性方面与现有的分割模型不相上下,而且经常超越它们。
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引用次数: 0
An improved affine mixed-grid method for frequency-domain finite-difference elastic modelling 用于频域有限差分弹性建模的改进型仿射混合网格法
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13596
Shu-Li Dong, Jing-Bo Chen

In seismic frequency-domain finite-difference modelling, the affine mixed-grid method effectively eliminates the spatial sampling restriction associated with square meshes of the rotated mixed-grid method. Nevertheless, the affine mixed-grid method makes a weighted average of the entire elastic wave equations, resulting in reduced accuracy compared to the average-derivative method in the case of rectangular meshes. It is worth noting, however, that the average-derivative method is presently inapplicable to free-surface scenarios, whereas the affine mixed-grid method is applicable. By performing weighted averages of the derivative terms instead of the entire elastic wave equations in Cartesian and affine rotated coordinate systems, we have developed an improved affine mixed-grid method for elastic-wave frequency-domain finite-difference modelling. The proposed improved affine mixed-grid method 9-point scheme overcomes the drawback that the accuracy of affine mixed-grid method is lower than that of average-derivative method for unequal directional grid intervals. Moreover, the improved affine mixed-grid method 6-point scheme provides much higher numerical accuracy than the affine mixed-grid method 6-point scheme at either equal or unequal directional grid intervals. On the other hand, the proposed improved affine mixed-grid method simplifies the coding complexity for implementing free-surface condition in elastic-wave frequency-domain finite-difference modelling by modifying the elastic parameters of the free-surface layer and thus constructing the impedance matrix containing the free-surface condition directly.

在地震频域有限差分建模中,仿射混合网格法有效地消除了旋转混合网格法中与方形网格相关的空间采样限制。不过,仿射混合网格法是对整个弹性波方程进行加权平均,与矩形网格下的平均衍生法相比,精度有所降低。但值得注意的是,平均导数法目前不适用于自由表面情况,而仿射混合网格法则适用。通过在直角坐标系和仿射旋转坐标系中对导数项进行加权平均,而不是对整个弹性波方程进行加权平均,我们开发出了一种用于弹性波频域有限差分建模的改进型仿射混合网格法。所提出的改进仿射混合网格法 9 点方案克服了仿射混合网格法在不等方向网格间隔时精度低于平均衍生法的缺点。此外,改进的仿射混合网格法 6 点方案在相等或不相等方向网格间隔时都比仿射混合网格法 6 点方案具有更高的数值精度。另一方面,所提出的改进仿射混合网格法通过修改自由表面层的弹性参数,从而直接构建包含自由表面条件的阻抗矩阵,简化了在弹性波频域有限差分建模中实施自由表面条件的编码复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory measurements of water saturation effects on the acoustic velocity and attenuation of sand packs in the 1–20 kHz frequency range 实验室测量水饱和度对 1-20 kHz 频率范围内沙包声速和衰减的影响
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13607
Hanif S. Sutiyoso, Sourav K. Sahoo, Laurence J. North, Timothy A. Minshull, Ismael Himar Falcon-Suarez, Angus I. Best

We present novel experimental measurements of acoustic velocity and attenuation in unconsolidated sand with water saturation within the sonic (well-log analogue) frequency range of 1–20 kHz. The measurements were conducted on jacketed sand packs with 0.5-m length and 0.069-m diameter using a bespoke acoustic pulse tube (a water-filled, stainless steel, thick-walled tube) under 10 MPa of hydrostatic confining pressure and 0.1 MPa of atmospheric pore pressure. We assess the fluid distribution effect on our measurements through an effective medium rock physics model, using uniform and patchy saturation approaches. Our velocity and attenuation (Q−1) are accurate to ±2.4% and ±5.8%, respectively, based on comparisons with a theoretical transmission coefficient model. Velocity decreases with increasing water saturation up to ∼75% and then increases up to the maximum saturation. The velocity profiles across all four samples show similar values with small differences observed around 70%–90% water saturation, then converging again at maximum saturation. In contrast, the attenuation increases at low saturation, followed by a slight decrease towards maximum saturation. Velocity increases with frequency across all samples, which contrasts with the complex frequency-dependent pattern of attenuation. These results provide valuable insights into understanding elastic wave measurements over a broad frequency spectrum, particularly in the sonic range.

我们在 1-20 kHz 的声波(井录模拟)频率范围内,对水饱和未固结砂中的声速和衰减进行了新颖的实验测量。测量是在 10 兆帕静水约束压力和 0.1 兆帕大气孔隙压力下,使用定制的声脉冲管(充水的不锈钢厚壁管)对长度为 0.5 米、直径为 0.069 米的夹套砂包进行的。我们通过有效介质岩石物理模型,采用均匀和斑块饱和方法,评估了流体分布对测量结果的影响。根据与理论传输系数模型的比较,我们的速度和衰减 (Q-1) 分别精确到 ±2.4% 和 ±5.8%。速度随着水饱和度的增加而降低,最高可达 ∼ 75%,然后增加到最大饱和度。所有四个样本的速度曲线都显示出相似的值,在含水饱和度为 70%-90% 之间观察到的差异较小,然后在最大饱和度时又趋于一致。相比之下,衰减在低饱和度时增加,随后在达到最大饱和度时略有下降。所有样本的速度都随频率增加,这与复杂的随频率变化的衰减模式形成鲜明对比。这些结果为理解宽频谱,尤其是声波范围内的弹性波测量提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of rock mass permeability using relaxation time and P-wave velocity 利用弛豫时间和 P 波速度估算岩体渗透率
IF 1.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.13602
Zhicheng Song, Lichao Nie, Zhiqiang Li, Shilei Zhang, Zhaoyang Deng, Yuancheng Li

Due to the inherent unpredictability of geological conditions, tunnelling operations are often at risk of encountering water inrushes. Such incidents can lead to construction delays, impose financial strains and pose significant safety threats to the workers involved. Water-bearing geological formations are the main triggers for such incidents, with factors such as the positioning, water quantity and permeability distribution of these formations being key to predicting the occurrence and severity of water inrush disasters. By leveraging the complex interplay among relaxation time, P-wave velocity and permeability within the rock's physical properties, a series of indoor tests were conducted on 40 artificial reef limestone cores to extract the necessary parameters. Through the analysis of the data, the comprehensive permeability prediction model was established, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9420 between the model's predictions and actual measurements. At the same time, through theoretical and mechanism analysis, the relationship between permeability and relaxation time and the relationship between permeability and P-wave velocity were analysed. Finally, 10 natural reef limestone samples were used to verify the accuracy of the model. The prediction model enables an accurate evaluation of tunnel permeability, thus providing a scientific basis for the mitigation of tunnel water inrush hazards.

由于地质条件固有的不可预测性,隧道挖掘作业经常会遇到涌水的风险。此类事故可能导致施工延误,造成资金紧张,并对相关工人的安全构成重大威胁。含水地质构造是此类事故的主要诱因,而这些构造的位置、水量和渗透性分布等因素是预测涌水灾害发生和严重程度的关键。利用岩石物理性质中弛豫时间、P 波速度和渗透率之间复杂的相互作用,对 40 个人工岩礁石灰岩岩心进行了一系列室内测试,以提取必要的参数。通过数据分析,建立了综合渗透率预测模型,模型预测值与实际测量值的相关系数为 0.9420。同时,通过理论和机理分析,分析了渗透率与弛豫时间的关系、渗透率与 P 波速度的关系。最后,利用 10 个天然岩礁石灰岩样本验证了模型的准确性。该预测模型可准确评估隧道渗透率,从而为减轻隧道涌水危害提供科学依据。
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Geophysical Prospecting
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