Xing Zhao, Liya Wang, Ya-Jun Fu, Fei Yu, Kai Li, Yu-Qiang Wang, Yingqiang Guo, Shaobing Zhou, Wei Yang
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) engage in proliferation to maintain a stable stem cell population and differentiate into functional epithelial subpopulations. This intricate process is upheld by various signals derived from the host and gut microbiota, establishing an ISC niche. However, during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this signaling niche undergoes dramatic changes, leading to impaired ISC and hindered restoration of the damaged intestinal epithelial barrier. This study introduces intestinal inflammatory microenvironment-responsive microsphere vehicles designed to remodel the ISC niche, offering an approach to treat IBD. Using an advanced emulsion technique, these microsphere vehicles specifically target colonic inflammation sites, delivering a responsive release of MXene and l-arginine. This delivery system is formulated to modulate intestinal flora and immune responses effectively. l-arginine is converted into nitric oxide to regulate the gut microbiome, while MXene serves as a nanoimmunomodulator to stabilize immune homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory properties of the microspheres are key to promoting epithelial repair and remodeling of the ISC niche. This study highlights the role of antioxidant microspheres as anti-inflammatory agents that indirectly support ISC function and gut regeneration.
{"title":"Inflammatory Microenvironment-Responsive Microsphere Vehicles Modulating Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation for Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Remodeling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Xing Zhao, Liya Wang, Ya-Jun Fu, Fei Yu, Kai Li, Yu-Qiang Wang, Yingqiang Guo, Shaobing Zhou, Wei Yang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c17999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c17999","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) engage in proliferation to maintain a stable stem cell population and differentiate into functional epithelial subpopulations. This intricate process is upheld by various signals derived from the host and gut microbiota, establishing an ISC niche. However, during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), this signaling niche undergoes dramatic changes, leading to impaired ISC and hindered restoration of the damaged intestinal epithelial barrier. This study introduces intestinal inflammatory microenvironment-responsive microsphere vehicles designed to remodel the ISC niche, offering an approach to treat IBD. Using an advanced emulsion technique, these microsphere vehicles specifically target colonic inflammation sites, delivering a responsive release of MXene and <span>l</span>-arginine. This delivery system is formulated to modulate intestinal flora and immune responses effectively. <span>l</span>-arginine is converted into nitric oxide to regulate the gut microbiome, while MXene serves as a nanoimmunomodulator to stabilize immune homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory properties of the microspheres are key to promoting epithelial repair and remodeling of the ISC niche. This study highlights the role of antioxidant microspheres as anti-inflammatory agents that indirectly support ISC function and gut regeneration.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongqi An, Cheng Ji, Hao Zhang, Qing Jiang, Manfred F. Maitz, Junqiang Pan, Rifang Luo, Yunbing Wang
Cell membrane coating has emerged as a promising strategy for the surface modification of biomaterials with biological membranes, serving as a cloak that can carry more functions. The cloaked biomaterials inherit diverse intrinsic biofunctions derived from different cell sources, including enhanced biocompatibility, immunity evasion, specific targeting capacity, and immune regulation of the regenerative microenvironment. The intrinsic characteristics of biomimicry and biointerfacing have demonstrated the versatility of cell membrane coating technology on a variety of biomaterials, thus, furthering the research into a wide range of biomedical applications and clinical translation. Here, the preparation of cell membrane coatings is emphasized, and different sizes of coated biomaterials from nanoscale to macroscale as well as the engineering strategies to introduce additional biofunctions are summarized. Subsequently, the utilization of biomimetic membrane-cloaked biomaterials in biomedical applications is discussed, including drug delivery, imaging and phototherapy, cancer immunotherapy, anti-infection and detoxification, and implant modification. In conclusion, the latest advancements in clinical and preclinical studies, along with the multiple benefits of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (NPs) in biomimetic systems, are elucidated.
{"title":"Engineered Cell Membrane Coating Technologies for Biomedical Applications: From Nanoscale to Macroscale","authors":"Yongqi An, Cheng Ji, Hao Zhang, Qing Jiang, Manfred F. Maitz, Junqiang Pan, Rifang Luo, Yunbing Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c16280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c16280","url":null,"abstract":"Cell membrane coating has emerged as a promising strategy for the surface modification of biomaterials with biological membranes, serving as a cloak that can carry more functions. The cloaked biomaterials inherit diverse intrinsic biofunctions derived from different cell sources, including enhanced biocompatibility, immunity evasion, specific targeting capacity, and immune regulation of the regenerative microenvironment. The intrinsic characteristics of biomimicry and biointerfacing have demonstrated the versatility of cell membrane coating technology on a variety of biomaterials, thus, furthering the research into a wide range of biomedical applications and clinical translation. Here, the preparation of cell membrane coatings is emphasized, and different sizes of coated biomaterials from nanoscale to macroscale as well as the engineering strategies to introduce additional biofunctions are summarized. Subsequently, the utilization of biomimetic membrane-cloaked biomaterials in biomedical applications is discussed, including drug delivery, imaging and phototherapy, cancer immunotherapy, anti-infection and detoxification, and implant modification. In conclusion, the latest advancements in clinical and preclinical studies, along with the multiple benefits of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (NPs) in biomimetic systems, are elucidated.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Ding, Hongliang Ma, Chang He, Wendong Zhang, Xuge Fan
Graphene is a promising material in nanoelectromechanical systems and sensors. Here, we applied suspended two layers of carbon atoms with an attached SiO2/Si proof mass that is more than 30000 times heavier than the springs made of two layers of carbon atoms for sensing acceleration and found enhanced electromechanical coupling transduction. As a result, devices based on two layers of carbon atoms have at least 3 orders of magnitude higher sensitivity per proof mass volume and at least 3 orders of magnitude smaller proof mass volume than state-of-the-art silicon piezoresistive accelerometers. These findings demonstrate atomically thin layers of carbon atoms have the potential to realize the ultrasmall and ultrasensitive nanoelectromechanical devices that are highly demanded for many emerging applications such as biomedical implantable systems, medical micro/nanorobots in precision medicine, and wearable devices.
{"title":"Two Layers of Carbon Atoms Enable Ultrasensitive Detection of Acceleration","authors":"Jie Ding, Hongliang Ma, Chang He, Wendong Zhang, Xuge Fan","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c00651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c00651","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene is a promising material in nanoelectromechanical systems and sensors. Here, we applied suspended two layers of carbon atoms with an attached SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si proof mass that is more than 30000 times heavier than the springs made of two layers of carbon atoms for sensing acceleration and found enhanced electromechanical coupling transduction. As a result, devices based on two layers of carbon atoms have at least 3 orders of magnitude higher sensitivity per proof mass volume and at least 3 orders of magnitude smaller proof mass volume than state-of-the-art silicon piezoresistive accelerometers. These findings demonstrate atomically thin layers of carbon atoms have the potential to realize the ultrasmall and ultrasensitive nanoelectromechanical devices that are highly demanded for many emerging applications such as biomedical implantable systems, medical micro/nanorobots in precision medicine, and wearable devices.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chong Hu, Xiaorui Shi, Bin Guo, Zeping Yang, Jie Zhou, Fu Wang
The CRISPR-Cas system has been extensively employed as a genome editing tool with the dCas9-based transcriptional activation system emerging as a particularly promising approach for gene editing in the treatment of diseases at the gene level. Nevertheless, the challenge of achieving effective spatiotemporal control of the transcriptional activation system of dCas9 has thus far restricted its broader application. In this study, we present an miRNA-responsive CRISPR-dCas9 transcriptional activation (mCTA) system. This system is capable of responding specifically to exogenous and endogenous miRNAs in mammalian cells and enables the specific imaging of miRNAs during neural development or in the deep tissues of mice. Furthermore, the replacement of downstream functional genes with DTA has been demonstrated to result in the effective apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibition of xenografted tumor growth in mice. Finally, in a diabetic mouse model, the m122CTA system was shown to reduce the blood glucose in diabetic mice via the activation of PDX-1 gene. Our work provides an effective platform for miRNA imaging and gene therapy via spatiotemporal control of gene regulation.
{"title":"Toehold-Based CRISPR-dCas9 Transcriptional Activation Platform for Spatiotemporally Controllable Gene Therapy in Tumor and Diabetic Mouse Models","authors":"Chong Hu, Xiaorui Shi, Bin Guo, Zeping Yang, Jie Zhou, Fu Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c01078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c01078","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR-Cas system has been extensively employed as a genome editing tool with the dCas9-based transcriptional activation system emerging as a particularly promising approach for gene editing in the treatment of diseases at the gene level. Nevertheless, the challenge of achieving effective spatiotemporal control of the transcriptional activation system of dCas9 has thus far restricted its broader application. In this study, we present an miRNA-responsive CRISPR-dCas9 transcriptional activation (mCTA) system. This system is capable of responding specifically to exogenous and endogenous miRNAs in mammalian cells and enables the specific imaging of miRNAs during neural development or in the deep tissues of mice. Furthermore, the replacement of downstream functional genes with DTA has been demonstrated to result in the effective apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibition of xenografted tumor growth in mice. Finally, in a diabetic mouse model, the m<sub>122</sub>CTA system was shown to reduce the blood glucose in diabetic mice via the activation of PDX-1 gene. Our work provides an effective platform for miRNA imaging and gene therapy via spatiotemporal control of gene regulation.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingying Lin, Jiaxin Hou, Bin Li, Weikang Shu, Jingjing Wan
Spatial omics is emerging as a focus of life sciences because of its applications in investigating the molecular mechanisms of cancer, mapping cellular distributions, and revealing specific cellular ecological niches. Notably, the in-depth acquisition of spatial omics information relies on highly sensitive, high-resolution, and high-throughput biological analysis tools and techniques. However, conventional methods of omics data acquisition still suffer from some drawbacks such as limited-resolution and low-throughput and are difficult to adapt directly to the collection of high-quality spatial omics data. Recently, an increasing number of advanced nanomaterials and molecular probes are employed in spatial omics due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, biocompatibility, and multifunction. These well-designed innovative nanoscaffolds successfully enhance the key parameters of spatial omics and, thus, increase the spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and detection throughput. This review summarizes the design and application of functional nanoscaffolds for spatial omics in recent years, with a particular emphasis on nanomaterials and molecular probes. We believe that the present review can inspire and motivate researchers in designing and selecting appropriate materials and probes for high-quality spatial omics, thus promoting the development of spatial omics and life sciences.
{"title":"Advancements in Nanomaterials and Molecular Probes for Spatial Omics","authors":"Yingying Lin, Jiaxin Hou, Bin Li, Weikang Shu, Jingjing Wan","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c18470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18470","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial omics is emerging as a focus of life sciences because of its applications in investigating the molecular mechanisms of cancer, mapping cellular distributions, and revealing specific cellular ecological niches. Notably, the in-depth acquisition of spatial omics information relies on highly sensitive, high-resolution, and high-throughput biological analysis tools and techniques. However, conventional methods of omics data acquisition still suffer from some drawbacks such as limited-resolution and low-throughput and are difficult to adapt directly to the collection of high-quality spatial omics data. Recently, an increasing number of advanced nanomaterials and molecular probes are employed in spatial omics due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, biocompatibility, and multifunction. These well-designed innovative nanoscaffolds successfully enhance the key parameters of spatial omics and, thus, increase the spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and detection throughput. This review summarizes the design and application of functional nanoscaffolds for spatial omics in recent years, with a particular emphasis on nanomaterials and molecular probes. We believe that the present review can inspire and motivate researchers in designing and selecting appropriate materials and probes for high-quality spatial omics, thus promoting the development of spatial omics and life sciences.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rational regulation of the coordination environment of single-atom catalysts (SACs) is a promising yet challenging strategy to enhance their activity. Here, we introduce an O atom into the second coordination shell of Co–N4 sites via a simple thermal treatment, forming a Co–N4–ON matrix to boost photosynthetic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. This modification significantly alters the electronic structure of the Co site, bringing the d-band center closer to the Fermi energy and elevating the conduction band of Co–N4–CN to enhance its reducing capacity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal intensified charge redistribution and a reduced work function in Co–N4–ON, facilitating O2 adsorption. Notably, Co–N4–ON exhibits the lowest O2 adsorption energy, indicating a stronger interaction between Co–N4–O and O2, which is further strengthened by orbital hybridization and charge transfer at their interface, leading to enhanced O2 activation. The optimized Co–N4–ON catalyst demonstrates superior O2 reduction capabilities with the lowest energy barrier during H2O2 desorption. Consequently, it achieves a H2O2 production rate of 3098.18 μmol g–1 h–1 under neutral conditions, which is 2.6 times higher than that of Co–N4–CN. Moreover, it maintains a production rate of 1967.79 μmol g–1 h–1 over 10 h in a continuous flow reactor under natural sunlight and ambient air, highlighting its durability and practicality. This study underscores the crucial role of the second coordination shell in SACs and offers valuable insights into their atomic-level structure–activity relationships, thus contributing to advancements in catalyst design for efficient photosynthetic H2O2 production.
{"title":"Tailoring Single Co–N4 Sites Within the Second Coordination Shell for Enhanced Natural Light-Driven Photosynthetic H2O2 Production","authors":"Xiao Ge, Xinya Liu, Jinze Xu, Xiyang Zheng, Li-jiao Tian, Xiaozhi Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c02303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c02303","url":null,"abstract":"Rational regulation of the coordination environment of single-atom catalysts (SACs) is a promising yet challenging strategy to enhance their activity. Here, we introduce an O atom into the second coordination shell of Co–N<sub>4</sub> sites via a simple thermal treatment, forming a Co–N<sub>4</sub>–ON matrix to boost photosynthetic hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) production. This modification significantly alters the electronic structure of the Co site, bringing the d-band center closer to the Fermi energy and elevating the conduction band of Co–N<sub>4</sub>–CN to enhance its reducing capacity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal intensified charge redistribution and a reduced work function in Co–N<sub>4</sub>–ON, facilitating O<sub>2</sub> adsorption. Notably, Co–N<sub>4</sub>–ON exhibits the lowest O<sub>2</sub> adsorption energy, indicating a stronger interaction between Co–N<sub>4</sub>–O and O<sub>2</sub>, which is further strengthened by orbital hybridization and charge transfer at their interface, leading to enhanced O<sub>2</sub> activation. The optimized Co–N<sub>4</sub>–ON catalyst demonstrates superior O<sub>2</sub> reduction capabilities with the lowest energy barrier during H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> desorption. Consequently, it achieves a H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production rate of 3098.18 μmol g<sup>–1</sup> h<sup>–1</sup> under neutral conditions, which is 2.6 times higher than that of Co–N<sub>4</sub>–CN. Moreover, it maintains a production rate of 1967.79 μmol g<sup>–1</sup> h<sup>–1</sup> over 10 h in a continuous flow reactor under natural sunlight and ambient air, highlighting its durability and practicality. This study underscores the crucial role of the second coordination shell in SACs and offers valuable insights into their atomic-level structure–activity relationships, thus contributing to advancements in catalyst design for efficient photosynthetic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juhee Jang, Jiwon Shin, Yongdeok Ahn, Kiwook Kim, Juhyeong Cho, Wonhee John Lee, Chaerin Nam, Moon-chang Baek, Daeha Seo, Kyungmoo Yea
Current chemical strategies for modifying the surface of extracellular vesicles (sEVs) often struggle to balance efficient functionalization with preserving structural integrity. Here, we present a modular approach for the surface modification of sEVs using a chimeric adaptor protein (CAP). The CAP was designed with three key features: a SNAP-tag for stable and modular binding, long and rigid linker to enhance spatial accessibility and conjugation efficiency, and the N-terminal sorting domain derived from syntenin to improve CAP expression on the sEV. We established a postsynthetic method to introduce diverse functional molecules onto sEVs, creating a versatile system termed “sEV-X” (where X represents an organic molecule, protein, or nanoparticle). Quantitative analyses at the single-molecule level revealed a linear relationship between CAP expression and the number of conjugated functional molecules, underscoring the importance of steric hindrance mitigation in sEV surface engineering. Moreover, antibody-conjugated sEVs as drug carriers, demonstrated significant tumor-specific delivery and therapeutic efficacy in a tumor-bearing mouse model, underscoring the potential of CAP-expressing sEVs as a customizable therapeutic vesicle. Overall, the CAP technology may serve as a universal platform for advancing the development of sEV-based therapeutics.
{"title":"Modular and Nondisturbing Chimeric Adaptor Protein for Surface Chemistry of Small Extracellular Vesicles","authors":"Juhee Jang, Jiwon Shin, Yongdeok Ahn, Kiwook Kim, Juhyeong Cho, Wonhee John Lee, Chaerin Nam, Moon-chang Baek, Daeha Seo, Kyungmoo Yea","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c15441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c15441","url":null,"abstract":"Current chemical strategies for modifying the surface of extracellular vesicles (sEVs) often struggle to balance efficient functionalization with preserving structural integrity. Here, we present a modular approach for the surface modification of sEVs using a chimeric adaptor protein (CAP). The CAP was designed with three key features: a SNAP-tag for stable and modular binding, long and rigid linker to enhance spatial accessibility and conjugation efficiency, and the N-terminal sorting domain derived from syntenin to improve CAP expression on the sEV. We established a postsynthetic method to introduce diverse functional molecules onto sEVs, creating a versatile system termed “sEV-X” (where X represents an organic molecule, protein, or nanoparticle). Quantitative analyses at the single-molecule level revealed a linear relationship between CAP expression and the number of conjugated functional molecules, underscoring the importance of steric hindrance mitigation in sEV surface engineering. Moreover, antibody-conjugated sEVs as drug carriers, demonstrated significant tumor-specific delivery and therapeutic efficacy in a tumor-bearing mouse model, underscoring the potential of CAP-expressing sEVs as a customizable therapeutic vesicle. Overall, the CAP technology may serve as a universal platform for advancing the development of sEV-based therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid metal halide materials have been demonstrated to show potential in spintronic applications. In the field of spintronics, controlling the spin degree of freedom by electrical means represents a significant advancement. In this work, we present a spintronic device with a ferromagnet/ferroelectric/ferromagnet heterostructure, in which a one-dimensional (1D) chiral hybrid metal halide serves as an interlayer. The ferroelectricity of the material has been confirmed through both experimental and theoretical approaches. Unlike conventional magnetic tunnel junctions, this multiferroic device exhibits four distinct resistance states, which can be tuned by magnetic and electric fields. Notably, the sign of magnetoresistance can be modulated by an applied bias voltage, demonstrating that the spin polarization of carriers injected from ferromagnetic electrodes can be controlled by an external electric field. Our study not only provides a feasible pathway for electrically controlled spin but also highlights the potential of chiral hybrid metal halides in spintronic applications.
{"title":"Electrical Control of Spin Polarization in a Multiferroic Heterojunction Based on One-Dimensional Chiral Hybrid Metal Halide","authors":"Zeyang Xu, Xuyang Xue, Zixuan Zhang, Baorui Mao, Ruiqing Li, Wenping Gao, Hangwen Guo, Haipeng Lu, Huashan Li, Jingying Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c17686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c17686","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid metal halide materials have been demonstrated to show potential in spintronic applications. In the field of spintronics, controlling the spin degree of freedom by electrical means represents a significant advancement. In this work, we present a spintronic device with a ferromagnet/ferroelectric/ferromagnet heterostructure, in which a one-dimensional (1D) chiral hybrid metal halide serves as an interlayer. The ferroelectricity of the material has been confirmed through both experimental and theoretical approaches. Unlike conventional magnetic tunnel junctions, this multiferroic device exhibits four distinct resistance states, which can be tuned by magnetic and electric fields. Notably, the sign of magnetoresistance can be modulated by an applied bias voltage, demonstrating that the spin polarization of carriers injected from ferromagnetic electrodes can be controlled by an external electric field. Our study not only provides a feasible pathway for electrically controlled spin but also highlights the potential of chiral hybrid metal halides in spintronic applications.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer brushes, an optimal method for surface modification, have garnered significant interest due to their potential in surface wettability and functions regulation. This review summarizes the recent advancements in functional polymer brush surfaces based on surface wettability regulation. First, the fundamental structure and fabrication methods of polymer brushes, emphasizing the two primary strategies, “grafting-to” and “grafting-from”, were introduced, and special attention was accorded to the method of subsurface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SSI-ATRP) for the construction of mechanically robust polymer brushes. Subsequently, we delved into the attributes of the stimuli-responsive polymer brush surface, which can effectuate reversible surface wettability transitions in response to external stimuli. Then, this review also offered an in-depth exploration of the potential applications of polymer brushes based on their surface wettability, including lubrication, drag reduction, antifouling, antifogging, anti-icing, oil–water separation, actuation, and emulsion stability. Lastly, the challenges of polymer brush surfaces encountered in practical applications, including mechanical strength, biocompatibility, recyclability, and preparation efficiency, were addressed, and significant achievements in current research were summarized and insights into future directions were offered. This review intends to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications of polymer brushes based on surface wettability regulation, and with the development of the polymer brush preparation technology, it will be anticipated that they will assume increasingly pivotal roles in various fields.
{"title":"Tuning Surface Functions by Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Polymer Brushes","authors":"Yizhe Liu, Yubo Liu, Yang Wu, Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c18335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18335","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer brushes, an optimal method for surface modification, have garnered significant interest due to their potential in surface wettability and functions regulation. This review summarizes the recent advancements in functional polymer brush surfaces based on surface wettability regulation. First, the fundamental structure and fabrication methods of polymer brushes, emphasizing the two primary strategies, “grafting-to” and “grafting-from”, were introduced, and special attention was accorded to the method of subsurface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SSI-ATRP) for the construction of mechanically robust polymer brushes. Subsequently, we delved into the attributes of the stimuli-responsive polymer brush surface, which can effectuate reversible surface wettability transitions in response to external stimuli. Then, this review also offered an in-depth exploration of the potential applications of polymer brushes based on their surface wettability, including lubrication, drag reduction, antifouling, antifogging, anti-icing, oil–water separation, actuation, and emulsion stability. Lastly, the challenges of polymer brush surfaces encountered in practical applications, including mechanical strength, biocompatibility, recyclability, and preparation efficiency, were addressed, and significant achievements in current research were summarized and insights into future directions were offered. This review intends to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications of polymer brushes based on surface wettability regulation, and with the development of the polymer brush preparation technology, it will be anticipated that they will assume increasingly pivotal roles in various fields.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rotem Menachem, Igor Nudelman, Avital Vorontsova, Ido Livneh, Mor Sela, Madeleine Benguigui, Bar Manobla, Yael Shammai, Abhilash Deo, Chen Buxbaum, Ron Bessler, Ziv Raviv, Jeny Shklover, Josué Sznitman, Aaron Ciechanover, Avi Schroeder, Yuval Shaked
Multiple myeloma (MM) poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to its persistent progression and low survival rate. Although the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has revolutionized MM treatment, MM aggressiveness and drug resistance remain critical concerns. To tackle this problem, we developed AMD3100-targeted Bortezomib Liposomes (ATBL) designed for the targeted delivery of bortezomib to MM cells. Uptake of ATBL into MM cells was dependent on CXCR4 and was enhanced compared to nontargeted liposomes, both in vitro and in vivo. Treating MM-bearing mice with ATBL achieved superior therapeutic efficacy compared to treatment with free bortezomib or nontargeted bortezomib-loaded liposomes. Notably, the therapeutic activity of ATBL was limited in mice inoculated with CXCR4-knockdown MM cells, highlighting CXCR4 as a potential biomarker for ATBL response. Importantly, ATBL was effective against an aggressive and bortezomib-resistant MM clone both in vitro and in vivo. Toxicity and biodistribution profiles demonstrated the safety and bone marrow-targeting ability of ATBL. Collectively, this study highlights ATBL as a promising next-generation proteasome inhibitor-based therapy that incorporates bone marrow-targeting ability and sensitizing elements to overcome drug resistance in MM.
{"title":"Bone Marrow-Targeted Liposomes Loaded with Bortezomib Overcome Multiple Myeloma Resistance","authors":"Rotem Menachem, Igor Nudelman, Avital Vorontsova, Ido Livneh, Mor Sela, Madeleine Benguigui, Bar Manobla, Yael Shammai, Abhilash Deo, Chen Buxbaum, Ron Bessler, Ziv Raviv, Jeny Shklover, Josué Sznitman, Aaron Ciechanover, Avi Schroeder, Yuval Shaked","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c10597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c10597","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple myeloma (MM) poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to its persistent progression and low survival rate. Although the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has revolutionized MM treatment, MM aggressiveness and drug resistance remain critical concerns. To tackle this problem, we developed AMD3100-targeted Bortezomib Liposomes (ATBL) designed for the targeted delivery of bortezomib to MM cells. Uptake of ATBL into MM cells was dependent on CXCR4 and was enhanced compared to nontargeted liposomes, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Treating MM-bearing mice with ATBL achieved superior therapeutic efficacy compared to treatment with free bortezomib or nontargeted bortezomib-loaded liposomes. Notably, the therapeutic activity of ATBL was limited in mice inoculated with CXCR4-knockdown MM cells, highlighting CXCR4 as a potential biomarker for ATBL response. Importantly, ATBL was effective against an aggressive and bortezomib-resistant MM clone both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Toxicity and biodistribution profiles demonstrated the safety and bone marrow-targeting ability of ATBL. Collectively, this study highlights ATBL as a promising next-generation proteasome inhibitor-based therapy that incorporates bone marrow-targeting ability and sensitizing elements to overcome drug resistance in MM.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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