Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00254
Ulrich Hohenester, Marko Šimić, Raphael Hauer, Lorenz Huber, Christian Hill
Optical tweezers utilize the forces exerted by focused laser beams to trap particles. In optofluidic force induction (OF2i), the forces exerted by a weakly focused laser beam trap particles in the transverse directions and push them in the laser propagation direction, which can be utilized for optical nanoparticle characterization with single-particle sensitivity. Here, we present a unified approach for the simulation of nanoparticles propagating in the presence of fluidic and optical forces, which can be used for both optical tweezers and OF2i simulations. We demonstrate the working principle at a number of selected examples and provide the simulation software as an add-on to our generic Maxwell solver NANOBEM that is based on a boundary element method approach.
{"title":"Unified Simulation Platform for Optical Tweezers and Optofluidic Force Induction","authors":"Ulrich Hohenester, Marko Šimić, Raphael Hauer, Lorenz Huber, Christian Hill","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00254","url":null,"abstract":"Optical tweezers utilize the forces exerted by focused laser beams to trap particles. In optofluidic force induction (OF2i), the forces exerted by a weakly focused laser beam trap particles in the transverse directions and push them in the laser propagation direction, which can be utilized for optical nanoparticle characterization with single-particle sensitivity. Here, we present a unified approach for the simulation of nanoparticles propagating in the presence of fluidic and optical forces, which can be used for both optical tweezers and OF2i simulations. We demonstrate the working principle at a number of selected examples and provide the simulation software as an add-on to our generic Maxwell solver NANOBEM that is based on a boundary element method approach.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-accelerating waves have significantly advanced fundamental research and applications, particularly in optical communication, super-resolution imaging, and optical manipulation, owing to their unique curved propagation properties. Phase conjugation, serving as an essential technique for aberration correction, pulse compression, and optical computation, plays a crucial role in applications involving self-accelerating waves. Among various phase conjugation mechanisms, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) mediated by light-sound interactions stands out as a promising approach. Here, we report on the phase conjugation of self-accelerating waves utilizing cross-pump-focused SBS geometry. This study demonstrates wavefront and Poynting vector reversals, achieving time-reversed propagation along diverse curved trajectories. The reversed energy flow, induced by Poynting vector conjugation, can be controlled by manipulating the original wave characteristics and propagation conditions. The distortion compensation is implemented during the propagation of self-accelerating waves through anisotropic media, demonstrating robust wavefront restoration capabilities. This proof-of-concept work opens avenues for innovative applications in structured photonics, expanding the utility of self-accelerating waves in emerging technologies.
{"title":"Optical Phase Conjugation of Self-Accelerating Waves","authors":"Tong Qi, Yi-Zhe Chen, Ding Yan, Xiang-Wei Wang, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02387","url":null,"abstract":"Self-accelerating waves have significantly advanced fundamental research and applications, particularly in optical communication, super-resolution imaging, and optical manipulation, owing to their unique curved propagation properties. Phase conjugation, serving as an essential technique for aberration correction, pulse compression, and optical computation, plays a crucial role in applications involving self-accelerating waves. Among various phase conjugation mechanisms, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) mediated by light-sound interactions stands out as a promising approach. Here, we report on the phase conjugation of self-accelerating waves utilizing cross-pump-focused SBS geometry. This study demonstrates wavefront and Poynting vector reversals, achieving time-reversed propagation along diverse curved trajectories. The reversed energy flow, induced by Poynting vector conjugation, can be controlled by manipulating the original wave characteristics and propagation conditions. The distortion compensation is implemented during the propagation of self-accelerating waves through anisotropic media, demonstrating robust wavefront restoration capabilities. This proof-of-concept work opens avenues for innovative applications in structured photonics, expanding the utility of self-accelerating waves in emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hot electron-induced degradation in semiconductor devices is a critical factor affecting the reliability and performance of microelectronic systems. While existing techniques provide valuable insights into post-failure analysis, directly visualizing hot electrons during device operation remains challenging yet essential for understanding hot electron-induced damage and degradation. In this work, we introduce ultrasensitive terahertz near-field optical microscopy to detect early-stage nanoscale damage in a GaAs/AlGaAs conducting channel with minimal conductance deviation (ΔR/R = 2.5%) by measuring hot electron-associated photon emission. Prolonged hot electron stress leads to the formation of surface lattice cracks that propagate along specific crystal orientations, underscoring the role of the hot electron in accelerating device degradation. Complementary Joule heat simulations show that lattice heating has a negligible effect on failure, supporting the conclusion that hot electron-induced effects dominate the degradation process. Our findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of hot electron-induced damage and demonstrate the terahertz nanoimaging technique as an effective tool for studying reliability issues in semiconductor devices, potentially aiding in the development of more resilient microelectronic systems.
{"title":"Detecting Hot Electron-Induced Local Damage Using THz Near-Field Optical Microscopy","authors":"Weijie Deng, Yinan Wang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Rui Xin, Tianxin Li, Qianchun Weng, Wei Lu","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00108","url":null,"abstract":"Hot electron-induced degradation in semiconductor devices is a critical factor affecting the reliability and performance of microelectronic systems. While existing techniques provide valuable insights into post-failure analysis, directly visualizing hot electrons during device operation remains challenging yet essential for understanding hot electron-induced damage and degradation. In this work, we introduce ultrasensitive terahertz near-field optical microscopy to detect early-stage nanoscale damage in a GaAs/AlGaAs conducting channel with minimal conductance deviation (Δ<i>R</i>/<i>R</i> = 2.5%) by measuring hot electron-associated photon emission. Prolonged hot electron stress leads to the formation of surface lattice cracks that propagate along specific crystal orientations, underscoring the role of the hot electron in accelerating device degradation. Complementary Joule heat simulations show that lattice heating has a negligible effect on failure, supporting the conclusion that hot electron-induced effects dominate the degradation process. Our findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of hot electron-induced damage and demonstrate the terahertz nanoimaging technique as an effective tool for studying reliability issues in semiconductor devices, potentially aiding in the development of more resilient microelectronic systems.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01896
Yuan Kang, Xuhan Wang, Longhua Tang, Xu Liu, Xiaochun Gong
The ultrashort femtosecond laser pulse techniques in Ti:Sapphire laser systems advanced the development of attosecond pulse generation and associated attosecond metrology in probing attosecond time-resolved electron motion in atoms, molecules, and condensed matter. However, the limitation of its average power, repetition rate, and pulse energy leads to a bottleneck in developing high-flux and high-energy attosecond light sources. The recent breakthroughs in nonlinear spectral broadening have unlocked the potential for extending Yb-doped lasers to generate high-flux and high-repetition-rate attosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses. Here, we briefly summarized the development of postpulse compression methods of the multithin plate (MTP) and multipass cell (MPC), which have shown significant advancements in achieving a high-average-power ultrafast laser. The advanced ultrafast light sources provide more choices on the applications for fundamental research within extreme temporal and spectral scales, of which the advantages are paving the way for novel discoveries in ultrafast science and promoting the research in attosecond coincidence spectroscopy, tabletop attosecond soft X-ray spectroscopy, and attosecond EUV nanoimaging and, consequently, opening the avenue to realize a breakthrough in zeptosecond time resolution and even zeptosecond pulse generation.
{"title":"High Repetition Rate and High Energy Ultrashort Laser Pulse: The Next Light Source for Attosecond Spectroscopy","authors":"Yuan Kang, Xuhan Wang, Longhua Tang, Xu Liu, Xiaochun Gong","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01896","url":null,"abstract":"The ultrashort femtosecond laser pulse techniques in Ti:Sapphire laser systems advanced the development of attosecond pulse generation and associated attosecond metrology in probing attosecond time-resolved electron motion in atoms, molecules, and condensed matter. However, the limitation of its average power, repetition rate, and pulse energy leads to a bottleneck in developing high-flux and high-energy attosecond light sources. The recent breakthroughs in nonlinear spectral broadening have unlocked the potential for extending Yb-doped lasers to generate high-flux and high-repetition-rate attosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses. Here, we briefly summarized the development of postpulse compression methods of the multithin plate (MTP) and multipass cell (MPC), which have shown significant advancements in achieving a high-average-power ultrafast laser. The advanced ultrafast light sources provide more choices on the applications for fundamental research within extreme temporal and spectral scales, of which the advantages are paving the way for novel discoveries in ultrafast science and promoting the research in attosecond coincidence spectroscopy, tabletop attosecond soft X-ray spectroscopy, and attosecond EUV nanoimaging and, consequently, opening the avenue to realize a breakthrough in zeptosecond time resolution and even zeptosecond pulse generation.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02199
Sandro L. Camenzind, Lukas Lang, Benjamin Willenberg, Justinas Pupeikis, Hayk Soghomonyan, Robert Presl, Pabitro Ray, Andreas Wieser, Ursula Keller, Christopher R. Phillips
Dual-comb ranging has emerged as an effective technology for long-distance metrology, providing absolute distance measurements with high speed, precision, and accuracy. Here, we demonstrate a dual-comb ranging method that utilizes a free-space transceiver unit, enabling dead-zone-free measurements and simultaneous ranging with interchanged comb roles to allow for long-distance measurements, even when the target is moving. It includes a graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated algorithm for real-time signal processing and a free-running single-cavity solid-state dual-comb laser with a carrier wavelength λc ≈ 1055 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 1 GHz, and a repetition rate difference of 5.06 kHz. This combination offers a fast update rate and sufficient signal strength to reach a single-shot time-of-flight precision of around 0.1 μm (i.e., <λc/4) on a cooperative target placed at a distance of more than 40 m. The free-running laser is sufficiently stable to use the phase information for interferometric distance measurements, which improves the single-shot precision to <20 nm. To assess the ranging accuracy, we track the motion of the cooperative target when moved over 40 m and compare it to a reference interferometer. The residuals between the two measurements are below 3 μm. These results highlight the potential of this approach for accurate and dead-zone-free long-distance ranging, supporting real-time tracking with nm-level precision.
{"title":"Long-Range and Dead-Zone-Free Dual-Comb Ranging for the Interferometric Tracking of Moving Targets","authors":"Sandro L. Camenzind, Lukas Lang, Benjamin Willenberg, Justinas Pupeikis, Hayk Soghomonyan, Robert Presl, Pabitro Ray, Andreas Wieser, Ursula Keller, Christopher R. Phillips","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02199","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-comb ranging has emerged as an effective technology for long-distance metrology, providing absolute distance measurements with high speed, precision, and accuracy. Here, we demonstrate a dual-comb ranging method that utilizes a free-space transceiver unit, enabling dead-zone-free measurements and simultaneous ranging with interchanged comb roles to allow for long-distance measurements, even when the target is moving. It includes a graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated algorithm for real-time signal processing and a free-running single-cavity solid-state dual-comb laser with a carrier wavelength λ<sub>c</sub> ≈ 1055 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 1 GHz, and a repetition rate difference of 5.06 kHz. This combination offers a fast update rate and sufficient signal strength to reach a single-shot time-of-flight precision of around 0.1 μm (i.e., <λ<sub>c</sub>/4) on a cooperative target placed at a distance of more than 40 m. The free-running laser is sufficiently stable to use the phase information for interferometric distance measurements, which improves the single-shot precision to <20 nm. To assess the ranging accuracy, we track the motion of the cooperative target when moved over 40 m and compare it to a reference interferometer. The residuals between the two measurements are below 3 μm. These results highlight the potential of this approach for accurate and dead-zone-free long-distance ranging, supporting real-time tracking with nm-level precision.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02401
Zhipeng Guo, Long Zhang, Daoxin Dai
On-chip spectrometers offer significant advantages in terms of compactness and portability, paving the way for advancements in both industrial applications and scientific research. The growing demand for high-performance and miniaturized spectral sensing modules is particularly evident in applications such as smartphones and wearable sensors. In this paper, we introduce and demonstrate an ultracompact and high-performance spatial speckle reconstructive spectrometer, which utilizes chaotic reflection achieved with a waveguide corner consisting of a randomly rough reflecting facet, resulting in chaotic spectral responses at multiple output ports within an ultracompact footprint. Additionally, we propose the concept of segmenting and switching the working window to enable enhanced spectral resolution by sacrificing a certain amount of working bandwidth. This also facilitates the combination of multiple sub-bands to achieve both high resolution and broad bandwidth. We combine innovative schemes and a convex optimization algorithm, leading to a remarkable resolution of 0.02 nm for the spectral range of 1520–1610 nm even with an ultracompact size of 250 μm2 for the fabricated chip. To the best of our knowledge, the present spatial-domain speckle reconstructive spectrometer shows the highest channel-number-to-footprint ratio (λbandwidth/(λres·footprint)) of up to 1.8 × 107 mm–2, offering a promising option for on-chip spectral analysis.
{"title":"Ultracompact Spatial Speckle Reconstructive Spectrometer Based on a Waveguide Corner with Chaotic Reflection","authors":"Zhipeng Guo, Long Zhang, Daoxin Dai","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02401","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip spectrometers offer significant advantages in terms of compactness and portability, paving the way for advancements in both industrial applications and scientific research. The growing demand for high-performance and miniaturized spectral sensing modules is particularly evident in applications such as smartphones and wearable sensors. In this paper, we introduce and demonstrate an ultracompact and high-performance spatial speckle reconstructive spectrometer, which utilizes chaotic reflection achieved with a waveguide corner consisting of a randomly rough reflecting facet, resulting in chaotic spectral responses at multiple output ports within an ultracompact footprint. Additionally, we propose the concept of segmenting and switching the working window to enable enhanced spectral resolution by sacrificing a certain amount of working bandwidth. This also facilitates the combination of multiple sub-bands to achieve both high resolution and broad bandwidth. We combine innovative schemes and a convex optimization algorithm, leading to a remarkable resolution of 0.02 nm for the spectral range of 1520–1610 nm even with an ultracompact size of 250 μm<sup>2</sup> for the fabricated chip. To the best of our knowledge, the present spatial-domain speckle reconstructive spectrometer shows the highest channel-number-to-footprint ratio (λ<sub>bandwidth</sub>/(λ<sub>res</sub>·footprint)) of up to 1.8 × 10<sup>7</sup> mm<sup>–2</sup>, offering a promising option for on-chip spectral analysis.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02302
Zhi Jiang, Danyang Yao, Yu Gao, Xu Ran, Jianguo Wang, Xuetao Gan, Yan Liu, Yue Hao, Genquan Han
On-chip acousto-optic (AO) modulation represents a significant advancement in the development of highly integrated information processing systems. However, conventional photonic devices face substantial challenges in achieving efficient conversion due to the limited overlap between acoustic waves and optical waves. In this study, we address this limitation by demonstrating an enhanced conversion effect of photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNBC) in AO modulation on a polymer-loaded lithium niobate integrated platform. Attributed to the high quality factor to mode volume ratio (Q/V) and optimal light-sound overlap within the nanocavity, PCNBC-based AO modulator exhibits a significantly enhanced extinction ratio of 38 dB with a threshold RF power below −50 dBm, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that based on microring resonator (MRR). In addition, robust digital amplitude shift keying modulations were performed using selected RF and optical channels of the PCNBC-enhanced AO modulators. These findings validate the compelling properties of the PCNBC photonic platform, establishing it as a promising candidate for on-chip integrated microwave photonics, optical transceivers, and computing applications.
片上声光（AO）调制是高度集成信息处理系统发展的一大进步。然而，由于声波和光波之间的重叠有限，传统光子器件在实现高效转换方面面临巨大挑战。在本研究中，我们在聚合物负载铌酸锂集成平台上展示了光子晶体纳米束腔（PCNBC）在 AO 调制中的增强转换效果，从而解决了这一限制。由于纳米腔内的高品质因数与模式体积比（Q/V）和最佳光声重叠，基于 PCNBC 的 AO 调制器的消光比显著提高了 38 dB，阈值射频功率低于 -50 dBm，比基于微波谐振器（MRR）的调制器低两个数量级。此外，还利用 PCNBC 增强型 AO 调制器的选定射频和光通道进行了稳健的数字移幅键控调制。这些发现验证了 PCNBC 光子平台的强大性能，使其成为片上集成微波光子学、光收发器和计算应用的理想候选器件。
{"title":"Cavity-Enhanced Acousto-Optic Modulators on Polymer-Loaded Lithium Niobate Integrated Platform","authors":"Zhi Jiang, Danyang Yao, Yu Gao, Xu Ran, Jianguo Wang, Xuetao Gan, Yan Liu, Yue Hao, Genquan Han","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02302","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip acousto-optic (AO) modulation represents a significant advancement in the development of highly integrated information processing systems. However, conventional photonic devices face substantial challenges in achieving efficient conversion due to the limited overlap between acoustic waves and optical waves. In this study, we address this limitation by demonstrating an enhanced conversion effect of photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNBC) in AO modulation on a polymer-loaded lithium niobate integrated platform. Attributed to the high quality factor to mode volume ratio (<i>Q</i>/<i>V</i>) and optimal light-sound overlap within the nanocavity, PCNBC-based AO modulator exhibits a significantly enhanced extinction ratio of 38 dB with a threshold RF power below −50 dBm, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that based on microring resonator (MRR). In addition, robust digital amplitude shift keying modulations were performed using selected RF and optical channels of the PCNBC-enhanced AO modulators. These findings validate the compelling properties of the PCNBC photonic platform, establishing it as a promising candidate for on-chip integrated microwave photonics, optical transceivers, and computing applications.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411
Romain Quidant
<b>Romain Quidant</b>: Thank you so much, Prof. L’Huillier, for your time. I’m very glad you accepted my invitation to participate in this <i>ACS Photonics</i> interview series. I would like to get started with a question you were probably asked many times: What initially sparked your interest in Science? What motivated the young Anne L’Huillier to study Physics and Mathematics? Was that an early fascination from your childhood or maybe an inspiring teacher in middle or high school? <b>Anne L’Huillier</b>: I do not entirely recall any specific trigger. As I remember, I have always been interested in physics and mathematics. Having scientists in my family has certainly been a source of inspiration. My grandfather was a radio engineer who used his skills during World War II to support the Resistance, and my father was an engineer in informatics. It seems to me I have always been drawn to science. Then I also had good teachers. I remember very good teachers in mathematics at the end of high school in Paris and then very good teachers in physics during my studies.<img alt="" src="/cms/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411/asset/images/medium/ph5c00411_0001.gif"/> <b>Romain Quidant</b>: Following up on this, who were your biggest mentors or role models in your early career, and how did they influence your research directions? <b>Anne L’Huillier</b>: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji stands out as a particularly influential figure for me. He was a fantastic teacher, and I greatly admired his approach. His teaching was rigorous and grounded in mathematics, yet he always emphasized the physical meaning behind the equations. I especially enjoyed his quantum mechanics course, particularly light–matter interaction. This sparked my interest in the field and ultimately led me to pursue a Ph.D., studying atoms in strong laser fields. So, yes, Cohen-Tannoudji was a true role model. Additionally, beyond my specific research area, learning about Marie Curie’s achievements was also significant. While her work was not related to my own, it was incredibly inspiring to know that a woman could achieve such remarkable success in science. Later in my career, I benefited from several mentors. Toward the end of my Ph.D., I reached out to a Swedish theoretician, Göran Wendin, for help in interpreting our experiments. I then spent six months in Gothenburg as a postdoc. Later Sune Svanberg provided invaluable support during the early stages of my career in Lund. <b>Romain Quidant</b>: While awareness of gender bias has grown considerably, it was far less prominent in the 1980s and 1990s. Can you share any experiences from that period that highlighted the challenges women faced in physics? <b>Anne L’Huillier</b>: That is a difficult question. It certainly was not always easy being a woman in a predominantly male environment. I would say yes, I likely experienced some challenges due to my gender. However, being a woman also brought a degree of visibility, and I was fortunate to receive support fr
{"title":"An Interview with Anne L’Huillier","authors":"Romain Quidant","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Romain Quidant</b>: Thank you so much, Prof. L’Huillier, for your time. I’m very glad you accepted my invitation to participate in this <i>ACS Photonics</i> interview series. I would like to get started with a question you were probably asked many times: What initially sparked your interest in Science? What motivated the young Anne L’Huillier to study Physics and Mathematics? Was that an early fascination from your childhood or maybe an inspiring teacher in middle or high school? <b>Anne L’Huillier</b>: I do not entirely recall any specific trigger. As I remember, I have always been interested in physics and mathematics. Having scientists in my family has certainly been a source of inspiration. My grandfather was a radio engineer who used his skills during World War II to support the Resistance, and my father was an engineer in informatics. It seems to me I have always been drawn to science. Then I also had good teachers. I remember very good teachers in mathematics at the end of high school in Paris and then very good teachers in physics during my studies.<img alt=\"\" src=\"/cms/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411/asset/images/medium/ph5c00411_0001.gif\"/> <b>Romain Quidant</b>: Following up on this, who were your biggest mentors or role models in your early career, and how did they influence your research directions? <b>Anne L’Huillier</b>: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji stands out as a particularly influential figure for me. He was a fantastic teacher, and I greatly admired his approach. His teaching was rigorous and grounded in mathematics, yet he always emphasized the physical meaning behind the equations. I especially enjoyed his quantum mechanics course, particularly light–matter interaction. This sparked my interest in the field and ultimately led me to pursue a Ph.D., studying atoms in strong laser fields. So, yes, Cohen-Tannoudji was a true role model. Additionally, beyond my specific research area, learning about Marie Curie’s achievements was also significant. While her work was not related to my own, it was incredibly inspiring to know that a woman could achieve such remarkable success in science. Later in my career, I benefited from several mentors. Toward the end of my Ph.D., I reached out to a Swedish theoretician, Göran Wendin, for help in interpreting our experiments. I then spent six months in Gothenburg as a postdoc. Later Sune Svanberg provided invaluable support during the early stages of my career in Lund. <b>Romain Quidant</b>: While awareness of gender bias has grown considerably, it was far less prominent in the 1980s and 1990s. Can you share any experiences from that period that highlighted the challenges women faced in physics? <b>Anne L’Huillier</b>: That is a difficult question. It certainly was not always easy being a woman in a predominantly male environment. I would say yes, I likely experienced some challenges due to my gender. However, being a woman also brought a degree of visibility, and I was fortunate to receive support fr","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02259
Yunan Liu, Bo Wang, Leyong Hu, Xu Ji, Tingyue Zhu, Ruhao Pan, Haifang Yang, Changzhi Gu, Junjie Li
Nonlinear metalens has revolutionized the generation and focusing of nonlinear harmonic waves, significantly enhancing the performance of nonlinear frequency converters and expanding the applications of metalens from linear optics to nonlinear optics. However, current nonlinear metalens are typically constructed using low-nonlinear-susceptibility materials, impeding further advancements in the field. Here, we have developed a nonlinear metalens utilizing crystallized lithium niobate (LN), a material with a large second-order susceptibility and a broad transparent window. The meta-atoms of the LN metalens consist of elliptical nanoholes, fabricated by using a self-developed multiatmosphere cooperative etching technique. With a diameter of 200 μm, our fabricated metalens can focus the second harmonic wave at 390 nm to a 0.7-μm-wide spot with a focus length of 100 μm, resulting in a numerical aperture of 0.7. The peak intensity of the focus plane is enhanced by 40 times. Our LN metalens has potential applications in versatile nonlinear meta-optic devices for highly efficient frequency converting, high-resolution imaging, and bright entangled photopairs.
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Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5c0041110.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411
Romain Quidant,
{"title":"An Interview with Anne L’Huillier","authors":"Romain Quidant, ","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c0041110.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1252–1255 1252–1255"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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