Flexible supercapacitors require electrode materials that simultaneously provide high conductivities, abundant electrochemically active sites, and rapid ion transport pathways. In this study, we developed hybrid Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes supported on conductive carbonized cotton fabric via a combination of solvothermal synthesis and supersonic cold-spray deposition, followed by controlled annealing. The cold-spray process facilitated the uniform, binder-free deposition of rGO-enwrapped Sr–Fe precursor particles onto temperature-sensitive cotton textiles without structural damage. Subsequent carbonization induced a phase evolution toward a mixed Fe3O4/Fe3C morphology that was strongly coupled with the graphitized carbon matrix. Systematic annealing between 750 and 825 °C revealed that the microstructure, crystallinity, and phase distribution were temperature-dependent. The optimal SF775 electrode was uniformly coated with Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C and rGO on a carbonized cotton fibrous network. The SF775 electrode delivered a maximum areal capacitance of 1050 mF cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, along with an energy density of 145.8 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 10 mW cm−2. Furthermore, the device exhibited excellent mechanical flexibility and durability, retaining its performance after 1000 bending cycles. These results indicate that high-performance textile-based Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C electrodes produced via cold-spray deposition and thermal phase evolution are promising candidates for wearable supercapacitors.
柔性超级电容器需要同时提供高导电性、丰富的电化学活性位点和快速离子传输途径的电极材料。在这项研究中，我们通过溶剂热合成和超音速冷喷涂沉积相结合的方法，在导电碳化棉织物上制备了Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C/还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）杂化电极，然后进行了控制退火。冷喷涂工艺有助于将氧化石墨烯包裹的Sr-Fe前驱体颗粒均匀、无粘结剂地沉积在温度敏感的棉织物上，而不会损坏结构。随后的碳化导致相演变为Fe3O4/Fe3C混合形态，与石墨化碳基体强烈耦合。750 ~ 825℃的系统退火表明，微观结构、结晶度和相分布与温度有关。优选的SF775电极在碳化棉纤维网络上均匀涂覆Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C和rGO。SF775电极在5 mA cm - 2时的最大面电容为1050 mF cm - 2，在功率密度为10 mW cm - 2时的能量密度为145.8µWh cm - 2。此外，该装置表现出优异的机械灵活性和耐久性，在1000次弯曲循环后仍保持其性能。这些结果表明，通过冷喷涂沉积和热相演变制备的高性能纺织基Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C电极是可穿戴超级电容器的有希望的候选材料。
{"title":"Supersonically sprayed Sr-FeO/FeC textile electrodes as flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Woojin Lim,Yong-il Kim,Yunhyung Lee,Bhavana Joshi,Edmund Samuel,Ali Aldalbahi,Govindasami Periyasami,Min Wook Lee,Hae-Seok Lee,Sam S. Yoon","doi":"10.1039/d6nr02252a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr02252a","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible supercapacitors require electrode materials that simultaneously provide high conductivities, abundant electrochemically active sites, and rapid ion transport pathways. In this study, we developed hybrid Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes supported on conductive carbonized cotton fabric via a combination of solvothermal synthesis and supersonic cold-spray deposition, followed by controlled annealing. The cold-spray process facilitated the uniform, binder-free deposition of rGO-enwrapped Sr–Fe precursor particles onto temperature-sensitive cotton textiles without structural damage. Subsequent carbonization induced a phase evolution toward a mixed Fe3O4/Fe3C morphology that was strongly coupled with the graphitized carbon matrix. Systematic annealing between 750 and 825 °C revealed that the microstructure, crystallinity, and phase distribution were temperature-dependent. The optimal SF775 electrode was uniformly coated with Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C and rGO on a carbonized cotton fibrous network. The SF775 electrode delivered a maximum areal capacitance of 1050 mF cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, along with an energy density of 145.8 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 10 mW cm−2. Furthermore, the device exhibited excellent mechanical flexibility and durability, retaining its performance after 1000 bending cycles. These results indicate that high-performance textile-based Sr-Fe3O4/Fe3C electrodes produced via cold-spray deposition and thermal phase evolution are promising candidates for wearable supercapacitors.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-density integration in modern electronic components induces severe heat accumulation, compromising operational stability and device longevity. Traditional metallic thermal conductors are heavily restricted by their substantial mass density and poor mechanical processability in lightweight electronics, demanding anisotropic materials that can provide robust thermal insulation across the out-of-plane direction while facilitating rapid heat dissipation along the in-plane direction. Here, we fabricate scalable and highly aligned Ti3C2Tx MXene films using the minimally intensive layer delamination method followed by vacuum-assisted filtration. Employing frequency-domain thermoreflectance, we achieve a precise characterization of directional heat transport on identical samples, revealing an exceptional thermal anisotropy ratio of 85. The fabricated films exhibit a significantly suppressed room-temperature out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 0.54 ± 0.09 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and an in-plane thermal conductivity of 46 ± 6 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. Temperature-dependent characterization shows that out-of-plane thermal conductivity exhibits a positive temperature coefficient up to 353 K before stabilizing into a saturation plateau near 373 K, confirming that cross-plane heat transport is fundamentally regulated by the dense interlayer physical boundaries. At the microscopic interface, surface hydroxyl groups and interfacial hydrogen-bonding networks may modify local inter-flake phonon transport channels. The in-plane thermal conductivity decreases overall with increasing temperature, reducing the anisotropy while preserving substantial directional contrast. This work provides a versatile and high-performance platform for implementing structurally oriented MXene assemblies in advanced directional thermal management.
现代电子元件中的高密度集成会导致严重的热量积累，从而影响操作稳定性和设备寿命。传统的金属热导体由于其巨大的质量密度和较差的机械可加工性，在轻质电子产品中受到严重限制，要求各向异性材料能够在面外方向提供坚固的隔热，同时促进沿面内方向的快速散热。本文采用真空辅助过滤的低强度分层方法制备了可扩展且高度对准的Ti3C2Tx MXene薄膜。利用频域热反射，我们实现了相同样品上定向热输运的精确表征，揭示了异常的热各向异性比为85。制作的薄膜显示出明显抑制的室温面外热导率为0.54±0.09 W m⁻¹K⁻，面内热导率为46±6 W m⁻¹。温度相关表征表明，面外热导率在353 K处呈现正温度系数，然后稳定到373 K附近的饱和高原，证实了平面间热传递基本上由致密的层间物理边界调节。在微观界面上，表面羟基和界面氢键网络可以改变局部片间声子传输通道。随着温度的升高，面内导热系数总体下降，在保持大量方向对比度的同时降低了各向异性。这项工作为在先进的定向热管理中实现面向结构的MXene组件提供了一个通用的高性能平台。
{"title":"Highly Aligned TiCT MXene Films with High Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity","authors":"Wenkang Chen,Mauro Ramos Jimenez,Kai Xu,Marianna Moustaka,Katja Klinar,Diego Collado Ramos,Xiangfan Xu,Jorge Rodríguez-Moreno,Elena Navarrete-Astorga,Alexandros El Sachat,Javier Perez-Carvajal,Miguel Muñoz Rojo","doi":"10.1039/d6nr02529c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr02529c","url":null,"abstract":"High-density integration in modern electronic components induces severe heat accumulation, compromising operational stability and device longevity. Traditional metallic thermal conductors are heavily restricted by their substantial mass density and poor mechanical processability in lightweight electronics, demanding anisotropic materials that can provide robust thermal insulation across the out-of-plane direction while facilitating rapid heat dissipation along the in-plane direction. Here, we fabricate scalable and highly aligned Ti3C2Tx MXene films using the minimally intensive layer delamination method followed by vacuum-assisted filtration. Employing frequency-domain thermoreflectance, we achieve a precise characterization of directional heat transport on identical samples, revealing an exceptional thermal anisotropy ratio of 85. The fabricated films exhibit a significantly suppressed room-temperature out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 0.54 ± 0.09 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and an in-plane thermal conductivity of 46 ± 6 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. Temperature-dependent characterization shows that out-of-plane thermal conductivity exhibits a positive temperature coefficient up to 353 K before stabilizing into a saturation plateau near 373 K, confirming that cross-plane heat transport is fundamentally regulated by the dense interlayer physical boundaries. At the microscopic interface, surface hydroxyl groups and interfacial hydrogen-bonding networks may modify local inter-flake phonon transport channels. The in-plane thermal conductivity decreases overall with increasing temperature, reducing the anisotropy while preserving substantial directional contrast. This work provides a versatile and high-performance platform for implementing structurally oriented MXene assemblies in advanced directional thermal management.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasmonic coupling provides a promising strategy for tailoring the emission properties of atomically thin semiconductors, while the regulation of exciton and trion populations in plasmonic–TMD hybrids remains a topic of ongoing investigation. In this work, we construct monolayer WS2 integrated with size-controlled silver nanocube-on-mirror (NCoM) nanocavities and explore the influence of cavity resonance on its optical emission characteristics. By adjusting the nanocube dimensions, the plasmonic modes are engineered to simultaneously couple with the excitation field and WS2 emission, leading to strongly enhanced photoluminescence. Considering the effective excitation area of individual nanocavities, a local enhancement factor of approximately 103 is obtained under optimized resonance conditions. Furthermore, excitation-power-dependent measurements reveal a pronounced redistribution between exciton and trion contributions. Unlike the WS2/Ag planar structure, where trion emission remains dominant, the optimally coupled NCoM structure exhibits a gradual evolution toward exciton-dominated emission with increasing excitation power. This transition originates from the interplay among plasmonic resonance matching, localized electromagnetic confinement, and excitation-induced carrier and thermal effects at the metal–semiconductor interface. These findings highlight plasmonic nanocavities as an effective platform for manipulating excitonic emission processes in two-dimensional semiconductor systems.
{"title":"Trion-to-exciton emission modulation in monolayer WS plasmonic nanocavities","authors":"Yatao Zhang,Yujie Zou,Zhixin Zhao,Jianguo Chen,Shaoyu Feng,Shimei Liu,Jun Dai,Yunbao Zheng,Shengde Liu,Fu Deng,Shulei Li","doi":"10.1039/d6nr02822e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr02822e","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic coupling provides a promising strategy for tailoring the emission properties of atomically thin semiconductors, while the regulation of exciton and trion populations in plasmonic–TMD hybrids remains a topic of ongoing investigation. In this work, we construct monolayer WS2 integrated with size-controlled silver nanocube-on-mirror (NCoM) nanocavities and explore the influence of cavity resonance on its optical emission characteristics. By adjusting the nanocube dimensions, the plasmonic modes are engineered to simultaneously couple with the excitation field and WS2 emission, leading to strongly enhanced photoluminescence. Considering the effective excitation area of individual nanocavities, a local enhancement factor of approximately 103 is obtained under optimized resonance conditions. Furthermore, excitation-power-dependent measurements reveal a pronounced redistribution between exciton and trion contributions. Unlike the WS2/Ag planar structure, where trion emission remains dominant, the optimally coupled NCoM structure exhibits a gradual evolution toward exciton-dominated emission with increasing excitation power. This transition originates from the interplay among plasmonic resonance matching, localized electromagnetic confinement, and excitation-induced carrier and thermal effects at the metal–semiconductor interface. These findings highlight plasmonic nanocavities as an effective platform for manipulating excitonic emission processes in two-dimensional semiconductor systems.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Bian,Jiahui Dong,Canfeng Ding,Ruihe Zhu,Jizhen Gou,Jianmin Li
Zinc-ion electrochromic energy storage devices (ZECDs) that integrate dynamic optical modulation with rechargeable battery behavior represent a transformative paradigm for net-zero energy consumption smart windows. However, the development of cathode materials that simultaneously achieve rapid ion diffusion kinetics, high optical contrast, substantial charge storage capacity, and long-term cycling stability remains a formidable challenge. Here, an in-situ annealing spray-coating process is conducted to prepare crystallized hydrated vanadium oxide (V₂O₅·1.6H₂O) cathode thin films. The V₂O₅·1.6H₂O films exhibit a well-ordered bilayer structure with an expanded interlayer spacing. This unique crystallized hydrated architecture, combined with interlayer water molecules that act as both structural “pillars” and Zn²⁺ transport facilitators, endows the material with enhanced and reversible Zn²⁺ intercalation/deintercalation kinetics, high optical modulation, and reversibility. As a result, the optimized device (ZECDs-2) shows good balance among optical contrast (66.69% at 650 nm), switching speed (tc=2.3 s, tb=6.7 s), coloration efficiency (38.81 cm² C⁻¹), and areal capacity (12.1 μAh cm⁻² at 0.5 mA cm⁻²). The device also exhibits good energy retrieval capability for energy saving. Furthermore, large-area (10 cm × 10 cm) and patterned devices are successfully fabricated, demonstrating electrochromic switching and customizable display functions. This work provides a practical route toward scalable, energy-recycling smart windows and displays
{"title":"Hydrated V2O5 with expanded bilayer structure for high-performance Zinc-ion electrochromic energy storage devices","authors":"Jing Bian,Jiahui Dong,Canfeng Ding,Ruihe Zhu,Jizhen Gou,Jianmin Li","doi":"10.1039/d6nr02556k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr02556k","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc-ion electrochromic energy storage devices (ZECDs) that integrate dynamic optical modulation with rechargeable battery behavior represent a transformative paradigm for net-zero energy consumption smart windows. However, the development of cathode materials that simultaneously achieve rapid ion diffusion kinetics, high optical contrast, substantial charge storage capacity, and long-term cycling stability remains a formidable challenge. Here, an in-situ annealing spray-coating process is conducted to prepare crystallized hydrated vanadium oxide (V₂O₅·1.6H₂O) cathode thin films. The V₂O₅·1.6H₂O films exhibit a well-ordered bilayer structure with an expanded interlayer spacing. This unique crystallized hydrated architecture, combined with interlayer water molecules that act as both structural “pillars” and Zn²⁺ transport facilitators, endows the material with enhanced and reversible Zn²⁺ intercalation/deintercalation kinetics, high optical modulation, and reversibility. As a result, the optimized device (ZECDs-2) shows good balance among optical contrast (66.69% at 650 nm), switching speed (tc=2.3 s, tb=6.7 s), coloration efficiency (38.81 cm² C⁻¹), and areal capacity (12.1 μAh cm⁻² at 0.5 mA cm⁻²). The device also exhibits good energy retrieval capability for energy saving. Furthermore, large-area (10 cm × 10 cm) and patterned devices are successfully fabricated, demonstrating electrochromic switching and customizable display functions. This work provides a practical route toward scalable, energy-recycling smart windows and displays","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sukrit Gaira,Husn Ara Chauhan,Zhenxiao Lei,Shiqin Wei,Yousuf Mohammed,Dewei Chu,Tushar Kumeria
The rapid advancement in technology has led to a surge in the use of wearable electronics to monitor human health and motion. This has been enabled by the development of stretchable and flexible sensors which can be integrated into electronic devices. Among various wearable sensors, flexible strain sensors that are capable of detecting movement with high precision and resolution are now receiving signification attention from researchers. This review article aims to cover the advances in the development of nanofiber-based strain sensors. Initially, we look at the current state of the broader field of strain sensors, defining their purpose, use, and potential applications. This is followed by a detailed background of various types of strain sensors covering the response mechanisms of resistive and capacitive type sensors. We have provided expansive coverage of various parameters necessary to define the performance of a strain sensor including tensile properties, gauge factor (GF), linearity, response and recovery time and durability. Since the focus of this review is on nanofibers-based strain sensors, we describe the various common methods to prepare nanofibers such as electrospinning and nebulization spinning. In addition, a summary of various conducting polymers and composites made from different non-conducting polymeric backbones is provided in this review. Furthermore, their potential applications in medical, sports and virtual reality industries are discussed. Finally, the research gaps which prevent these sensors from commercialization are discussed in the conclusions section along with the scope of future work to ensure the translation of such strain sensors to the market.
{"title":"Nanofibers based Flexible Strain Sensors for Biomedical Monitoring","authors":"Sukrit Gaira,Husn Ara Chauhan,Zhenxiao Lei,Shiqin Wei,Yousuf Mohammed,Dewei Chu,Tushar Kumeria","doi":"10.1039/d6nr01233g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr01233g","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advancement in technology has led to a surge in the use of wearable electronics to monitor human health and motion. This has been enabled by the development of stretchable and flexible sensors which can be integrated into electronic devices. Among various wearable sensors, flexible strain sensors that are capable of detecting movement with high precision and resolution are now receiving signification attention from researchers. This review article aims to cover the advances in the development of nanofiber-based strain sensors. Initially, we look at the current state of the broader field of strain sensors, defining their purpose, use, and potential applications. This is followed by a detailed background of various types of strain sensors covering the response mechanisms of resistive and capacitive type sensors. We have provided expansive coverage of various parameters necessary to define the performance of a strain sensor including tensile properties, gauge factor (GF), linearity, response and recovery time and durability. Since the focus of this review is on nanofibers-based strain sensors, we describe the various common methods to prepare nanofibers such as electrospinning and nebulization spinning. In addition, a summary of various conducting polymers and composites made from different non-conducting polymeric backbones is provided in this review. Furthermore, their potential applications in medical, sports and virtual reality industries are discussed. Finally, the research gaps which prevent these sensors from commercialization are discussed in the conclusions section along with the scope of future work to ensure the translation of such strain sensors to the market.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wiebke L. M. Narz,Johannes S. Schäfer,Bo Zhou,Wolfgang J. Parak,Stephan Barcikowski,Christoph Rehbock
Fully inorganic gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) synthesised by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL) constitute an underexplored class of nanomaterials, characterised by high colloidal stability at salt concentrations of 0.4–1 mM due to high surface charge densities and unique photoluminescence properties. In this work, we systematically analyse how these organic-ligand-free Au NCs interact with their ionic nano-environment, focusing on the impacts of cation valency and cation hydration enthalpy. Thereto, micromolar concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, and Ce3+ are added during synthesis (in situ) and corresponding millimolar concentrations to pre-formed aqueous Au NCs (ex situ) at alkaline pH, characterising particle size distributions and crystal structure by analytical ultracentrifugation and HR-TEM, surface charge density by zeta-potential measurements, as well as optical properties via absorbance, emission, fluorescence lifetime, and quantum yield. Our findings reveal a pronounced influence of Al3+ ions on the particle formation process, yielding unique bimodal size distributions charge screening and inversion of the surface charge from negative to positive values. This is attributed to element-specific cation adsorption to Au-O surface sites, while the impact of Na+ and Ca2+, as well as pH, was negligible. Furthermore, we find a pronounced blue shift of the emission wavelengths, indicating that the adsorption of the highly charged Al3+ can directly affect the electronic structure of the Au NCs and their HOMO–LUMO bandgap energy. Ex situ experiments further show cation-specific changes in emission wavelength and intensity, with blue shifts for Al3+ and red shifts for Ce3+, suggesting the potential of ligand-free Au NCs as candidate materials for ion-specific sensors, which may be useful in environmental analytics, where trivalent ions like Al3+ are of particular relevance.
{"title":"Cation-controlled laser synthesis of surfactant-free gold nanoclusters with tuneable ion-specific electronic and photoemission properties","authors":"Wiebke L. M. Narz,Johannes S. Schäfer,Bo Zhou,Wolfgang J. Parak,Stephan Barcikowski,Christoph Rehbock","doi":"10.1039/d6nr02508k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr02508k","url":null,"abstract":"Fully inorganic gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) synthesised by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL) constitute an underexplored class of nanomaterials, characterised by high colloidal stability at salt concentrations of 0.4–1 mM due to high surface charge densities and unique photoluminescence properties. In this work, we systematically analyse how these organic-ligand-free Au NCs interact with their ionic nano-environment, focusing on the impacts of cation valency and cation hydration enthalpy. Thereto, micromolar concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, and Ce3+ are added during synthesis (in situ) and corresponding millimolar concentrations to pre-formed aqueous Au NCs (ex situ) at alkaline pH, characterising particle size distributions and crystal structure by analytical ultracentrifugation and HR-TEM, surface charge density by zeta-potential measurements, as well as optical properties via absorbance, emission, fluorescence lifetime, and quantum yield. Our findings reveal a pronounced influence of Al3+ ions on the particle formation process, yielding unique bimodal size distributions charge screening and inversion of the surface charge from negative to positive values. This is attributed to element-specific cation adsorption to Au-O surface sites, while the impact of Na+ and Ca2+, as well as pH, was negligible. Furthermore, we find a pronounced blue shift of the emission wavelengths, indicating that the adsorption of the highly charged Al3+ can directly affect the electronic structure of the Au NCs and their HOMO–LUMO bandgap energy. Ex situ experiments further show cation-specific changes in emission wavelength and intensity, with blue shifts for Al3+ and red shifts for Ce3+, suggesting the potential of ligand-free Au NCs as candidate materials for ion-specific sensors, which may be useful in environmental analytics, where trivalent ions like Al3+ are of particular relevance.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Sebastian,Saptarshi Roy,Tapu Raihan Gazi,Rajanya Bera,Sathi Roy,Indranath Chakraborty
Photocatalytic CO₂ conversion using solar energy offers a sustainable route to value-added fuels and chemicals. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs), with discrete electronic states, abundant active sites, and well-defined structures, are promising photocatalysts for this process. This Minireview summarizes recent advances in gold, silver, copper, and bimetallic NCs for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, focusing on their reaction products, selectivity, and catalytic mechanisms. Strategies to enhance charge separation, migration, and catalytic performance are critically discussed. Finally, key challenges and future directions toward efficient, stable, and practically viable NC-based photocatalysts are highlighted.
{"title":"Harnessing Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters as Next-Generation Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction","authors":"Anna Sebastian,Saptarshi Roy,Tapu Raihan Gazi,Rajanya Bera,Sathi Roy,Indranath Chakraborty","doi":"10.1039/d6nr03344j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr03344j","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic CO₂ conversion using solar energy offers a sustainable route to value-added fuels and chemicals. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs), with discrete electronic states, abundant active sites, and well-defined structures, are promising photocatalysts for this process. This Minireview summarizes recent advances in gold, silver, copper, and bimetallic NCs for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, focusing on their reaction products, selectivity, and catalytic mechanisms. Strategies to enhance charge separation, migration, and catalytic performance are critically discussed. Finally, key challenges and future directions toward efficient, stable, and practically viable NC-based photocatalysts are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Garrido,Natalia Martin Sabanes,Emilio M Perez
Chemical functionalization of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an effective tool to fine tune its physico-chemical properties. Typically, this process occurs in two steps, first the exfoliation of bulk MoS2 and subsequently, the obtained layers are functionalized with the desired molecular fragment. However, this implies long times for the complete sequence. Herein we report the simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of MoS2 with different maleimides in short times (10 min.) using mechanochemistry. The resulting few-layer functionalized MoS2 materials are thoroughly characterized by TEM, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, DRIFT, XPS, and solid-state 13C-NMR, collectively confirming both the exfoliation to few-layer flakes (average thickness 5 ± 1 nm) and the formation of covalent S-C bonds. Critically, the choice of maleimide functional group allows direct tuning of the dispersibility of the functionalized material in a range of green solvents, yielding stable dispersions in isopropanol, water, or ethyl acetate depending on the substituent. This rapid, scalable, and solvent-free approach opens a practical route to covalently functionalized MoS2 powders for downstream applications.
{"title":"Mechanochemical exfoliation and functionalization of MoS2 in one step: a quick click method","authors":"Marina Garrido,Natalia Martin Sabanes,Emilio M Perez","doi":"10.1039/d6nr02215d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr02215d","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical functionalization of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an effective tool to fine tune its physico-chemical properties. Typically, this process occurs in two steps, first the exfoliation of bulk MoS2 and subsequently, the obtained layers are functionalized with the desired molecular fragment. However, this implies long times for the complete sequence. Herein we report the simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of MoS2 with different maleimides in short times (10 min.) using mechanochemistry. The resulting few-layer functionalized MoS2 materials are thoroughly characterized by TEM, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, DRIFT, XPS, and solid-state 13C-NMR, collectively confirming both the exfoliation to few-layer flakes (average thickness 5 ± 1 nm) and the formation of covalent S-C bonds. Critically, the choice of maleimide functional group allows direct tuning of the dispersibility of the functionalized material in a range of green solvents, yielding stable dispersions in isopropanol, water, or ethyl acetate depending on the substituent. This rapid, scalable, and solvent-free approach opens a practical route to covalently functionalized MoS2 powders for downstream applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of heterogeneous catalysts that efficiently transform carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals under mild conditions offers a sustainable approach towards chemical synthesis. Nevertheless, achieving high catalytic activity, excellent selectivity, broad applicability within a single catalyst remains a persistent challenge. In this work, an imide-linked covalent organic framework (TAPA-NDA COF) was synthesized and employed as a support for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles, yielding Pd@TAPA-NDA COF as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. The resulting COF-based catalyst was thoroughly characterized by PXRD, FR-IR, FE-SEM, HRTEM, TGA, BET and XPS analyses, confirming the successful formation of the imide-linked framework and the incorporation of Pd species within its porous COF architecture. Furthermore, PXRD analysis provided structural validation of the Pd6 nanoclusters@TAPA-NDA COF, while theoretical calculations identified the thermodynamically preferred adsorption site of the Pd6 nanocluster within the COF framework. The catalytic activity of Pd@TAPA-NDA COF was first assessed for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to form cyclic carbonates, delivering good to excellent yields (i.e. 72% to 96%) with up to 99% selectivity under mild and solvent-free conditions. Subsequently, the catalyst was applied to the cyclization of propargylic alcohols with phenyl isocyanate for the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones, an important class of bioactive heterocycles, affording the desired products in yields up to 92% with 99% selectivity under optimized conditions. The outstanding catalytic efficiency is attributed to the synergistic interaction between Pd(0)/Pd(II) active sites and the porous COF framework. Moreover, Pd@TAPA-NDA COF could be readily recovered and reused over five consecutive catalytic cycles without any appreciable loss in activity, as evidenced by FT-IR and SEM analyses of the recycled catalyst. Overall, Pd@TAPA-NDA COF serves as a versatile, recyclable, and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for CO2 fixation and one pot oxazolidinone synthesis, offering a sustainable platform for value-added chemical synthesis.
{"title":"Palladium-Anchored Covalent Organic Framework for Cyclic Carbonate and One-Pot Oxazolidinone Synthesis","authors":"Susmitha Kumar,Bipasha Banerjee,Bidhan Kumbhakar,Swarbhanu Ghosh,Anil Chandra Kothari,Sk Manirul Islam,Asma A. Alothman","doi":"10.1039/d6nr03357a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr03357a","url":null,"abstract":"The development of heterogeneous catalysts that efficiently transform carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals under mild conditions offers a sustainable approach towards chemical synthesis. Nevertheless, achieving high catalytic activity, excellent selectivity, broad applicability within a single catalyst remains a persistent challenge. In this work, an imide-linked covalent organic framework (TAPA-NDA COF) was synthesized and employed as a support for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles, yielding Pd@TAPA-NDA COF as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. The resulting COF-based catalyst was thoroughly characterized by PXRD, FR-IR, FE-SEM, HRTEM, TGA, BET and XPS analyses, confirming the successful formation of the imide-linked framework and the incorporation of Pd species within its porous COF architecture. Furthermore, PXRD analysis provided structural validation of the Pd6 nanoclusters@TAPA-NDA COF, while theoretical calculations identified the thermodynamically preferred adsorption site of the Pd6 nanocluster within the COF framework. The catalytic activity of Pd@TAPA-NDA COF was first assessed for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to form cyclic carbonates, delivering good to excellent yields (i.e. 72% to 96%) with up to 99% selectivity under mild and solvent-free conditions. Subsequently, the catalyst was applied to the cyclization of propargylic alcohols with phenyl isocyanate for the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones, an important class of bioactive heterocycles, affording the desired products in yields up to 92% with 99% selectivity under optimized conditions. The outstanding catalytic efficiency is attributed to the synergistic interaction between Pd(0)/Pd(II) active sites and the porous COF framework. Moreover, Pd@TAPA-NDA COF could be readily recovered and reused over five consecutive catalytic cycles without any appreciable loss in activity, as evidenced by FT-IR and SEM analyses of the recycled catalyst. Overall, Pd@TAPA-NDA COF serves as a versatile, recyclable, and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for CO2 fixation and one pot oxazolidinone synthesis, offering a sustainable platform for value-added chemical synthesis.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irine Rose Antony, Ansuja Pulickal Mathew, Nabila Masud, Susheel Kumar Nethi, Surya K Mallapragada, Anwesha Sarkar, Rizia Bardhan
Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that respond to both exogenous and endogenous cellular stimuli are highly desirable to enable high payload delivery. Here, we designed novel micelles that are responsive to multiple stimuli, including light (exogenous) and reactive oxygen species (ROS, endogenous). We showed that this dual-stimuli response of light and ROS-responsive micelles (LRMs) can be leveraged to reverse the resistance of melanoma cells to a small molecule drug, trametinib. LRMs were designed with hyaluronic acid (HA) that specifically targets CD44 receptors in B16F0 melanoma cells and spheroids. HA was conjugated to IR780, a dye that absorbs near-infrared light and converts it to heat enabling photothermal therapy (PTT). LRMs also incorporated a cleavable thioketal linker that responds to ROS and enables drug delivery at sites of high ROS. Our findings show that trametinib-loaded LRMs function based on a two-step mechanism, enabling combination photothermal molecular therapy that facilitates (i) high short-term cancer cell death, (ii) reduction in the long-term proliferative capacity of cancer cells, (iii) significantly decreased glycolytic function and overall survival, (iv) pronounced downregulation of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6, and (v) significant metabolic shift in the lipid profile and downregulation of oncometabolites that promote cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, our results also show that LRM treatment has distinct effects in lipid remodelling and triglyceride storage in 2D cells compared to 3D spheroids, emphasizing the importance of both cellular models in understanding treatment response. Our findings will ultimately enable a new generation of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that will have a tremendous impact on many diseases beyond cancer.
{"title":"Light- and ROS-responsive nanomicelles enable targeted combination photothermal molecular therapy in melanoma cells and spheroids.","authors":"Irine Rose Antony, Ansuja Pulickal Mathew, Nabila Masud, Susheel Kumar Nethi, Surya K Mallapragada, Anwesha Sarkar, Rizia Bardhan","doi":"10.1039/d6nr01741j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6nr01741j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that respond to both exogenous and endogenous cellular stimuli are highly desirable to enable high payload delivery. Here, we designed novel micelles that are responsive to multiple stimuli, including light (exogenous) and reactive oxygen species (ROS, endogenous). We showed that this dual-stimuli response of light and ROS-responsive micelles (LRMs) can be leveraged to reverse the resistance of melanoma cells to a small molecule drug, trametinib. LRMs were designed with hyaluronic acid (HA) that specifically targets CD44 receptors in B16F0 melanoma cells and spheroids. HA was conjugated to IR780, a dye that absorbs near-infrared light and converts it to heat enabling photothermal therapy (PTT). LRMs also incorporated a cleavable thioketal linker that responds to ROS and enables drug delivery at sites of high ROS. Our findings show that trametinib-loaded LRMs function based on a two-step mechanism, enabling combination photothermal molecular therapy that facilitates (i) high short-term cancer cell death, (ii) reduction in the long-term proliferative capacity of cancer cells, (iii) significantly decreased glycolytic function and overall survival, (iv) pronounced downregulation of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6, and (v) significant metabolic shift in the lipid profile and downregulation of oncometabolites that promote cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, our results also show that LRM treatment has distinct effects in lipid remodelling and triglyceride storage in 2D cells compared to 3D spheroids, emphasizing the importance of both cellular models in understanding treatment response. Our findings will ultimately enable a new generation of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that will have a tremendous impact on many diseases beyond cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：