Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences最新文献

This report develops a coumarin-nicotinic hydrazide-based sensor for detection of CN^- ions. The ligand is prepared by simple method and has been characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FTIR, and mass spectral analyses. The sensing behavior of coumarin-nicotinic hydrazide (CNH) probe was investigated in the presence of different anions using UV-visible and fluorescence methods. The sensor showed a selective naked-eye, colorimetric, and fluorescence detection particularly in the presence of CN^- ions over the other anions. The sensing involves a ratiometric red shift in absorption and photoluminescence profile in presence of incremental addition of CN^- ions. This provides a multi-detection point at two different wavelengths. This sensor involves a displacement type approach through a nucleophilic substitution-based chemodosimeter sensor proposed based on ¹H and ¹³C NMR along with D₂O exchange experiment, and mass and photophysical studies. Interestingly, the sensor affords the lowest limit of detection up to 5.97 × 10^-7 M. The practical utility of the sensor is illustrated in molecular logic gate operation and real water analysis.

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a novel influenza virus, first isolated from swine with influenza-like symptoms in the USA in 2011. To date, IDV circulation has been reported in various animal species such as cattle, pigs, horses with the ability to expand its range of hosts. UV radiation has been widely used for the disinfection of various sources such as water, air, and surfaces, especially in places at greater risk of contamination by viruses and bacteria, such as hospitals and health facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential virucidal effect of a violet-blue light against IDV. Viral suspension of IDV was exposed to a violet-blue light (405 nm) for different times (radiant exposures): 22 min and 30 s (5.4 J/cm²), 45 min (10.8 J/cm²), 90 min (21.6 J/cm²), 180 min (43.2 J/cm²), and 360 min (86.4 J/cm²), and different temperatures (room temperature, 4 and 37 °C). At the end of exposure, virus titration was performed on MDCK cells. After violet-blue light exposure, a viral titre reduction proportional to exposure time was observed: 0.228 log₁₀ after 22 min and 30 s, 0.668 log₁₀ after 45 min, 0.940 log₁₀ after 90 min, 1.375 log₁₀ after 180 min and 2.293 log₁₀ after 360 min. Differences were observed among temperatures of exposure, with the greatest virucidal effect observed at room temperature. As reported for other respiratory viruses, this violet-blue light can potentially be used to reduce IDV spread in potentially hotspot areas for animals and humans.

We report the fabrication of a polarization-based photobiomodulation (PBM) system and its performance on wound healing effects. The light source for PBM was a 625 nm LED and two different linear polarizations (P-wave and S-wave) were generated using the wire grid linear polarizers. To confirm the effect of PBM on polarization, wounds were created on hairless mice, and the healing process was compared. The light source conditions for comparison were control, two linearly polarized light, and unpolarized light. The light irradiation conditions for each group were based on the energy settings (energy 18 J/cm², power density 30 mW/cm², exposure time 600 sec) commonly used in LED masks. After creating the wound, the light was irradiated only once. To confirm the wound healing effect over time, it was evaluated through wound surface area measurements, self-made optical coherence tomography images, and histological images. In the group irradiated with S-wave polarized light, the percentage from the initial wound size was reduced to 70.73%, and the epithelial tongue ratio reached 58.36% on day 7 after PBM, indicating the fastest recovery. In this way, the potential of a new product that can increase the effect of wound healing or skin regeneration by adjusting the polarization state without irradiating high energy was confirmed.

Non-melanoma skin cancer accounted for over one million new cases, according to the Global Cancer Statistics 2020 report. Moreover, UV radiation causes photodamage (skin inflammation and angiogenesis), photoaging (increases in skin wrinkle and reduction in skin elasticity). This study investigated the preventive effects of baicalein against skin damage, aging, tumorigenesis and tumor growth in long-term UVB irradiated hairless mice. Five-week-old male mice were divided into the following groups: a non-UVB group (control), vehicle-treated UVB group (UVB control), and UVB groups treated with two different doses of baicalein (10 and 30 mg/kg, twice daily). The mice were exposed to UVB irradiation (36-192 mJ/cm²) three times per week for 23 weeks. Baicalein was orally administered at the specified doses for the same duration. Skin cytokine, chemokine, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured using ELISA kits. Baicalein (at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg) suppressed UVB-induced increases in skin thickness, improved skin elasticity, and reduced the number and growth of skin tumors. Additionally, baicalein inhibited UVB-induced increases in IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, MIF, VEGF, p53, COX-2, total/phospho-NF-κB expression levels in the skin. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that baicalein attenuated UVB-induced increases in the number of Ki-67-, and HIF-1α-positive cells. The preventive effects of baicalein on skin damage and skin tumor growth in chronically UVB-irradiated mice were associated with reduced skin cytokine levels through the down-regulation of COX-2, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, and HIF-1α expression.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a significant reactive sulfur species (RSS) involved in various human diseases, also playing an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Thus, the development of an effective method for detecting H₂S in mammalian cells is of great importance. In this study, we present the synthesis of a novel pyrene-based fluorescent probe, DPP, specifically designed for the selective detection of H₂S. The DPP exhibits remarkable sensitivity, with a low detection limit of 0.63 µM, and demonstrates high selectivity for H₂S in the presence of various interfering species. Additionally, the probe has demonstrated rapid detection of H₂S in less than 6 min. The detection mechanism was thoroughly validated using ¹H NMR, FT-IR, UV and fluorescence spectra. Moreover, the applicability of DPP was successfully demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo settings using HeLa cells, confirming its potential as a powerful tool for monitoring H₂S in biological systems. Additionally, the probe exhibited excellent performance in detecting H₂S in water samples and in paper strip-based assays, further highlighting its versatility and practical utility for environmental monitoring and on-site applications.

Breast cancer has emerged as the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The high recurrence and metastasis rates of malignant tumors impose significant limitations on existing mainstream treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically validated approach for cancer treatment. PDT requires three elements, photosensitizer, light, and oxygen, and mainly relies on the production of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) to elicit damage to the cancer tissue. In this study, we explored targeted photodynamic elimination of breast cancer cells overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). HER2 is enriched on the surface of certain cancer cells and targeted by commercially available monoclonal antibodies, including Trastuzumab, in the treatment of breast and stomach cancers. We engineered chimeric fusion proteins composed of Trastuzumab and genetically encoded photosensitizers, including SOPP3 and miniSOG. The production of ¹O₂ by these fusion proteins was directly measured by near-infrared spectroscopy centered at 1270 nm and further evaluated in the assay of targeted photodynamic neutralizations of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. To enhance the internalization of the antibody-photosensitizer fusion protein, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were added to the fusion protein. HER2-positive (HER2⁺) cancer cells were incubated with the antibody-photosensitizer fusion protein and then exposed to light illumination. Cell viability assays revealed an over 50% reduction in cancer cell survival, with minimal impacts on the cells from the control group. In addition, we observed a long-lasting, over 24-h inhibition of the growth of the cancer cells after photodynamic treatment. Thus, based on these assays at the molecular and cellular levels, this study established a targeted photodynamic approach that can potentially be developed as an effective PDT for cancer treatment.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a widespread type of cancer found across the world. The use of chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment may result in side effects and the emergence of drug resistance. Hence, seeking new and efficient therapies that reduce adverse reactions is imperative. Recently, combination therapy has emerged as a fresh and innovative strategy in contrast to conventional treatment methods. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) serves as a highly effective and minimally invasive technique for addressing breast cancer, providing the option to be utilized either concurrently or in conjunction with other therapeutic approaches. Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol found in several food sources. Research has demonstrated that RES can inhibit cell proliferation and metastasis and trigger apoptosis in tumor cells. This research aimed to assess the impact of combining RES and photodynamic therapy on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were grown in culture and subsequently exposed to different methylene blue (MB) doses while subjected to laser irradiation (PDT). Following this treatment, the cells were exposed to different RES concentrations. Cell viability was assessed utilizing the MTT assay. Light and fluorescence microscopy (AO/EB staining) were employed to observe cell morphological alterations following exposure to RES and MB-PDT. Additionally, flow cytometry was utilized to investigate cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction.

Results: The findings indicated that the co-administration of MB-PDT and RES resulted in increased cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells compared to the individual application of either treatment.

Discussion: The results of this study suggest that MB-PDT can reduce the dose and time of RES treatment and, therefore, can be indicated as a new approach for treating breast cancer cells.

Protein-templated synthesis has been proved to be an effective approach for building high-performance fluorescent bioimaging agents. Nevertheless, the high cost of proteins has restricted its wide application. Silk fibroin is a low cost natural protein with superior properties, which holds significant application prospects in many biomedical fields. However, its application potential in the biomedical imaging field remains to be explored. Herein, we report a one-pot green synthesis of high performance gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) using silk fibroin as stabilizer. The SF-AuNCs (~ 1.8 nm) shows a red emission around 600 nm with a large Stokes shift of 200 nm and a quantum yield of 5.42% which is comparable with that of fluorescence proteins. Meanwhile, the lifetime is as high as 3.47 μs which is about three magnitude orders higher than that of most molecular dyes and fluorescence proteins. Moreover, the stability is also greatly enhanced than that of the classical GSH-AuNCs. The SF-AuNCs is also well performed in cell labeling and in vivo imaging in zebrafish. This work not only provides a promising high performance protein fluorescence nano agent for bioimaging, but also expands the potential of the silk fibroin application in the biomedical imaging field.

Skin cancer is associated with genetic mutations caused by sunlight exposure, primarily through ultraviolet (UV) radiation that damages DNA. While UVA is less energetic, it is the predominant solar UV component reaching the Earth's surface. However, the mechanisms of UVA-induced mutagenesis and its role in skin cancer development remain poorly understood. This study employed whole exome sequencing of clones from human XP-C cells, which lack nucleotide excision repair (NER), to characterize somatic mutations induced by UVA exposure. DNA sequence analysis of UVA-irradiated XP-C cells revealed a marked increase in mutation frequency across nearly all types of base substitutions, with particular enrichment in C > T transitions within the CCN and TCN trinucleotide context-potential sites for pyrimidine dimer formation. The C > T mutation primarily occurred at the 3' base of the 5'TC dimer, and an enrichment of CC > TT tandem mutations. We also identified the SBS7b COSMIC mutational signature within irradiated cells, which has been associated with tumors in sun-exposed skin. C > A transversions, often linked to oxidized guanine, were the second most frequently induced mutation, although a specific context for this base substitution was not identified. Moreover, C > T mutations were significantly increased in unirradiated XP-C compared to NER-proficient cells, which may be caused by unrepaired spontaneous DNA damage. Thus, this study indicates that pyrimidine dimers are the primary lesions contributing to UVA-induced mutagenesis in NER-deficient human cells and demonstrates that UVA generates mutational signatures similar to those of UVB irradiation.