Flexible iontronic pressure sensors have attracted extensive attention in intelligent robots and wearable healthcare devices for their flexible properties and sensing functions. Introducing surface microstructures in iontronic pressure sensors has remarkably enhanced sensitivity, whereas achieving flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity over a broad linear range remains challenging. Here, we propose a hierarchical synergetic strategy for flexible iontronic pressure sensors by combining hemisphere and porous microstructure, realizing high sensitivity (9.27 kPa–1), fast response speed (<15 ms), and linear pressure response (R2 = 0.998) over a broad range (10 Pa–400 kPa). The high linearity of the pressure sensor is attributed to the porous hemispherical microstructure, which improves compressibility and compensates for the effect of structural stiffening. The excellent application potential of our pressure sensors in healthcare monitoring and spatial pressure distribution is demonstrated. The porous hierarchical hemispherical microstructure provides a general strategy expected to be applied to other types of pressure sensors calling for both high sensitivity and high linearity.
{"title":"Hierarchical Synergetic Strategy for Iontronic Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and Broad Linearity Range","authors":"Haonan Tian, Yu Jiang, Yewei Song, Tiantong Wang, Jianming Xue, Feng Zhang, Yirui Liu, Zekang Xue, Kaifeng Wang, Yunbiao Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03238","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible iontronic pressure sensors have attracted extensive attention in intelligent robots and wearable healthcare devices for their flexible properties and sensing functions. Introducing surface microstructures in iontronic pressure sensors has remarkably enhanced sensitivity, whereas achieving flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity over a broad linear range remains challenging. Here, we propose a hierarchical synergetic strategy for flexible iontronic pressure sensors by combining hemisphere and porous microstructure, realizing high sensitivity (9.27 kPa<sup>–1</sup>), fast response speed (<15 ms), and linear pressure response (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.998) over a broad range (10 Pa–400 kPa). The high linearity of the pressure sensor is attributed to the porous hemispherical microstructure, which improves compressibility and compensates for the effect of structural stiffening. The excellent application potential of our pressure sensors in healthcare monitoring and spatial pressure distribution is demonstrated. The porous hierarchical hemispherical microstructure provides a general strategy expected to be applied to other types of pressure sensors calling for both high sensitivity and high linearity.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"20 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c00228
Ping Nie, Ke Chen, Chengxin Tian, Ensheng Xu, Qingwang Xue, Jibin Song, Pin Wang
The development of DNA rolling machines with high rolling efficiency for ratiometric biosensing is of great significance for the accurate diagnosis and evaluation of diseases. Herein, an interparticle DNA rolling machine constructed by well-oriented and ordered DNA nanorollers guided by tetrahedral DNA was exploited for high-efficiency lung tumor-related human neutrophil elastase (HNE) SERS ratiometric sensing. In this design, tetrahedral DNA with blocked DNAzyme was assembled on AuNPs to engineer well-oriented and ordered walking DNA nanorollers (WDNs) endowed with high collision efficiency and accessibility, significantly improving the reaction kinetics and rolling efficiency. When the DNAzyme “leg DNA” on WDNs were activated through the multivalent DNA converted by target HNE, the activated WDNs with polyoriented walkers rolled efficiently along directional hairpin “track DNA” on magnetic NPs (H1@MNPs) that served as continuously “cleaving-rolling-assembly” specific substrates (CRAS), constructing an interparticle rolling machine and finally converting HNE into a ratiometric SERS signal in a nanogap-rich silver nanoisland substrate. The CRAS increased the reaction direction and local concentration, improving the accessibility and signal. The interparticle relative motion with nonplanar polyoriented walking arms weakens the derailment of rolling “leg DNA”, improves the processivity, and amplifies capability. Moreover, nanogap-rich silver nanoisland SERS substrates promote the formation of high-density hot spot domains, further improving the detection sensitivity. Of note, the rolling machine ratiometric biosensor successfully measures the HNE with a detection limit of 0.25 pM and can screen inhibitors and discriminate the HNE levels in serum and tissue of normal and lung tumor patients, suggesting that the biosensor provides an effective tool for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and drug discovery of lung tumor.
{"title":"Tetrahedral DNA-Enhanced Interparticle Rolling Machine for High-Efficiency Human Neutrophil Elastase SERS Ratiometric Sensing in Serum and Tissue","authors":"Ping Nie, Ke Chen, Chengxin Tian, Ensheng Xu, Qingwang Xue, Jibin Song, Pin Wang","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00228","url":null,"abstract":"The development of DNA rolling machines with high rolling efficiency for ratiometric biosensing is of great significance for the accurate diagnosis and evaluation of diseases. Herein, an interparticle DNA rolling machine constructed by well-oriented and ordered DNA nanorollers guided by tetrahedral DNA was exploited for high-efficiency lung tumor-related human neutrophil elastase (HNE) SERS ratiometric sensing. In this design, tetrahedral DNA with blocked DNAzyme was assembled on AuNPs to engineer well-oriented and ordered walking DNA nanorollers (WDNs) endowed with high collision efficiency and accessibility, significantly improving the reaction kinetics and rolling efficiency. When the DNAzyme “leg DNA” on WDNs were activated through the multivalent DNA converted by target HNE, the activated WDNs with polyoriented walkers rolled efficiently along directional hairpin “track DNA” on magnetic NPs (H1@MNPs) that served as continuously “cleaving-rolling-assembly” specific substrates (CRAS), constructing an interparticle rolling machine and finally converting HNE into a ratiometric SERS signal in a nanogap-rich silver nanoisland substrate. The CRAS increased the reaction direction and local concentration, improving the accessibility and signal. The interparticle relative motion with nonplanar polyoriented walking arms weakens the derailment of rolling “leg DNA”, improves the processivity, and amplifies capability. Moreover, nanogap-rich silver nanoisland SERS substrates promote the formation of high-density hot spot domains, further improving the detection sensitivity. Of note, the rolling machine ratiometric biosensor successfully measures the HNE with a detection limit of 0.25 pM and can screen inhibitors and discriminate the HNE levels in serum and tissue of normal and lung tumor patients, suggesting that the biosensor provides an effective tool for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and drug discovery of lung tumor.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03472
Wenjun Wang, Guanbo Min, Xufeng Jiao, Wang Tingyu, Chengyu Li, Kun Xu, Xuanli Dong, Jiaxuan Wu, Feng Qu, Weiguo Wang, YuSheng Li, Cheng Huang, Wei Tang, Bo Meng
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) sprain is one of the most prevalent sports-related injuries, so proper evaluation of ligament sprains is critical for treatment options. However, existing tests suffer from a lack of standardized quantitative evaluation criteria, interindividual variability, incompatible materials, or risks of infection. Although advanced medical diagnostic methods already have been using noninvasive, portable, and wearable diagnostic electronics, these devices have insufficient adhesion to accurately respond to internal body injuries. Therefore, we propose a high-adhesive hydrogel-based strain sensor made from gelatin, cellulose nanofiber (CNF), and cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) grafted with N-hydrosuccinimide ester. The adhesive strain sensor, with excellent conformability and stretchability, firmly adheres to the skin, making it suitable for accurately evaluating the severity of anterior talofibular ligament sprain. Its strong adhesive (up to 192 kPa) can adapt to the surface characterization of ankles. The high-adhesive hydrogel-based strain sensor has a high tensile strength (680%) and achieves a high gauge factor (GF) of 8.29. Simultaneously, it also presents a 40 μm ultralow detection limit. Additionally, after a deep learning model was integrated to improve sensing accuracy, the system achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 95%, significantly surpassing the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gold standard of 81.1%.
{"title":"High-Adhesive Hydrogel-Based Strain Sensor in the Clinical Diagnosis of Anterior Talofibular Ligament Sprain","authors":"Wenjun Wang, Guanbo Min, Xufeng Jiao, Wang Tingyu, Chengyu Li, Kun Xu, Xuanli Dong, Jiaxuan Wu, Feng Qu, Weiguo Wang, YuSheng Li, Cheng Huang, Wei Tang, Bo Meng","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03472","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) sprain is one of the most prevalent sports-related injuries, so proper evaluation of ligament sprains is critical for treatment options. However, existing tests suffer from a lack of standardized quantitative evaluation criteria, interindividual variability, incompatible materials, or risks of infection. Although advanced medical diagnostic methods already have been using noninvasive, portable, and wearable diagnostic electronics, these devices have insufficient adhesion to accurately respond to internal body injuries. Therefore, we propose a high-adhesive hydrogel-based strain sensor made from gelatin, cellulose nanofiber (CNF), and cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) grafted with <i>N</i>-hydrosuccinimide ester. The adhesive strain sensor, with excellent conformability and stretchability, firmly adheres to the skin, making it suitable for accurately evaluating the severity of anterior talofibular ligament sprain. Its strong adhesive (up to 192 kPa) can adapt to the surface characterization of ankles. The high-adhesive hydrogel-based strain sensor has a high tensile strength (680%) and achieves a high gauge factor (GF) of 8.29. Simultaneously, it also presents a 40 μm ultralow detection limit. Additionally, after a deep learning model was integrated to improve sensing accuracy, the system achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 95%, significantly surpassing the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gold standard of 81.1%.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c02670
Bichitra Nanda Sahoo, Peter James Thomas, Paul Thomas, Martin Møller Greve
The attachment of marine organisms, for example, bacteria, proteins, inorganic molecules, and more on a sea-submerged surface is a global concern for marine industries as it controls the surface for further marine growth. Applications requiring the estimation of real-time information from oceanographic sensors conveyed for long-term deployment are vulnerable to biofouling. Therefore, an effective approach to controlling the biofouling that accumulates on marine sensors is paramount. To date, many technologies have been explored to impede biofouling; however, several factors constrain many strategies, including their reliance on environmentally toxic materials, high fabrication costs, poor coatings, and nontransparency. These challenges have motivated work to develop numerous advanced and innovative strategies based on mechanical methods, irradiation, and design of polymeric/nonpolymeric coatings with fouling resistance, fouling release, and fouling degrading coatings to protect marine sensors and housing materials from biofouling. This Review presents recent progress in the developed biofouling control strategies that have been applied to commercially available sensors and sensor housing materials. Moreover, recent findings in the literature are highlighted while considering the wettability principles for air and water environments, antifouling performance, practical feasibility, environmental and economic impact of coatings, and field trial studies. Here, we emphasize how these features can play major roles synergistically to affect antifouling coatings against nano- to microlevel organisms. This review will not only allow researchers to understand the design principles but also contribute to the development of new cost-effective strategies.
{"title":"Antibiofouling Coatings For Marine Sensors: Progress and Perspectives on Materials, Methods, Impacts, and Field Trial Studies","authors":"Bichitra Nanda Sahoo, Peter James Thomas, Paul Thomas, Martin Møller Greve","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c02670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c02670","url":null,"abstract":"The attachment of marine organisms, for example, bacteria, proteins, inorganic molecules, and more on a sea-submerged surface is a global concern for marine industries as it controls the surface for further marine growth. Applications requiring the estimation of real-time information from oceanographic sensors conveyed for long-term deployment are vulnerable to biofouling. Therefore, an effective approach to controlling the biofouling that accumulates on marine sensors is paramount. To date, many technologies have been explored to impede biofouling; however, several factors constrain many strategies, including their reliance on environmentally toxic materials, high fabrication costs, poor coatings, and nontransparency. These challenges have motivated work to develop numerous advanced and innovative strategies based on mechanical methods, irradiation, and design of polymeric/nonpolymeric coatings with fouling resistance, fouling release, and fouling degrading coatings to protect marine sensors and housing materials from biofouling. This Review presents recent progress in the developed biofouling control strategies that have been applied to commercially available sensors and sensor housing materials. Moreover, recent findings in the literature are highlighted while considering the wettability principles for air and water environments, antifouling performance, practical feasibility, environmental and economic impact of coatings, and field trial studies. Here, we emphasize how these features can play major roles synergistically to affect antifouling coatings against nano- to microlevel organisms. This review will not only allow researchers to understand the design principles but also contribute to the development of new cost-effective strategies.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Continuous monitoring of respiratory waveforms with daily wearable devices can provide valuable physiological data for health assessments. However, developing miniature sensors that feature both high portability and stability for real-time monitoring of respiratory waveforms remains a challenge. We recently developed a near-field electrochemical mechanism that could be used as an emerging sensing strategy for respiratory monitoring in anesthetic rats. Nevertheless, the application of this mechanism for wearable applications in human subjects remains a challenge. To well meet the requirements of wearable applications, we develop a near-field electrochemical system by establishing its theoretical expression and designing a portable signal acquisition device, enabling wireless humidity sensing with high sensitivity and stability. We further embed the sensor chip into commercially available procedural masks, transforming them into smart facemasks capable of continuously monitoring breath waveforms for real-time assessment of respiration in human subjects engaged in physical activities. The sensing system is expected to stimulate broader applications in disease diagnosis and fitness training.
{"title":"Near-Field Electrochemistry Enables a Wearable Sensor-Embedded Smart Facemask for Personalized Respiratory Assessment","authors":"Yifei Xue, Xudong Zhao, Fei Wu, Lijuan Hou, Ping Yu, Lijuan Li, Lanqun Mao","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00524","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous monitoring of respiratory waveforms with daily wearable devices can provide valuable physiological data for health assessments. However, developing miniature sensors that feature both high portability and stability for real-time monitoring of respiratory waveforms remains a challenge. We recently developed a near-field electrochemical mechanism that could be used as an emerging sensing strategy for respiratory monitoring in anesthetic rats. Nevertheless, the application of this mechanism for wearable applications in human subjects remains a challenge. To well meet the requirements of wearable applications, we develop a near-field electrochemical system by establishing its theoretical expression and designing a portable signal acquisition device, enabling wireless humidity sensing with high sensitivity and stability. We further embed the sensor chip into commercially available procedural masks, transforming them into smart facemasks capable of continuously monitoring breath waveforms for real-time assessment of respiration in human subjects engaged in physical activities. The sensing system is expected to stimulate broader applications in disease diagnosis and fitness training.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03572
Zhenjin Xu, Wei Xiao, Keqi Deng, Yang Zhang, Tingting Shen, Xin Liu, Zhengmao Ding, Qiulin Tan, Dezhi Wu
Growing imperative for intelligent transformation of electro-ionic actuators in soft robotics has necessitated self-perception for accurately mapping their nonlinear dynamic responses. Despite the promise of integrating crack-based strain sensors for such a purpose, significant challenges remain in controlling crack propagation to prevent the induction of through-cracks, resulting in lower sensitivity, linearity, and poor detection limits. Herein, we propose a hierarchical crack-based synergistic enhancement structure by incorporating conductive poly(pyrrole)-coated polystyrene nanospheres and Ti3C2Tx MXene to induce cross-long sensing cracks via point-to-plane contacts, along with silver nanowires for positively engineering networked microcracks for linearity tuning. The prepared microstrain sensor achieves high linearity (GF = 152.4, R2 = 0.99) regulation within ∼6% strain range, ultralow detection limit of 0.02%, and ultrafast response/recovery time of 31 ms/32 ms under 0.2%. Notably, state-of-the-art sensing performance by detecting minimal strain changes down to one millionth, i.e., ∼1 microstrain, has been demonstrated by voiceprint recognition, while maintaining superior dynamic measurement capability and long-term stability for mechanical vibrations up to 100 Hz with a response time of 5 ms. Moreover, the introduction of an adhesive and cross-linking layer facilitates robust bonding between the actuator and sensing structure, enabling real-time tracking of the actuation strain without structural interference by a resistance change resolution of 0.01%, providing significant insights for empowering soft robotics with integrated perception and intelligence.
{"title":"Hierarchical Crack Engineering-Enabled High-Linearity and Ultrasensitive Strain Sensors","authors":"Zhenjin Xu, Wei Xiao, Keqi Deng, Yang Zhang, Tingting Shen, Xin Liu, Zhengmao Ding, Qiulin Tan, Dezhi Wu","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03572","url":null,"abstract":"Growing imperative for intelligent transformation of electro-ionic actuators in soft robotics has necessitated self-perception for accurately mapping their nonlinear dynamic responses. Despite the promise of integrating crack-based strain sensors for such a purpose, significant challenges remain in controlling crack propagation to prevent the induction of through-cracks, resulting in lower sensitivity, linearity, and poor detection limits. Herein, we propose a hierarchical crack-based synergistic enhancement structure by incorporating conductive poly(pyrrole)-coated polystyrene nanospheres and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub> MXene to induce cross-long sensing cracks via point-to-plane contacts, along with silver nanowires for positively engineering networked microcracks for linearity tuning. The prepared microstrain sensor achieves high linearity (GF = 152.4, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.99) regulation within ∼6% strain range, ultralow detection limit of 0.02%, and ultrafast response/recovery time of 31 ms/32 ms under 0.2%. Notably, state-of-the-art sensing performance by detecting minimal strain changes down to one millionth, i.e., ∼1 microstrain, has been demonstrated by voiceprint recognition, while maintaining superior dynamic measurement capability and long-term stability for mechanical vibrations up to 100 Hz with a response time of 5 ms. Moreover, the introduction of an adhesive and cross-linking layer facilitates robust bonding between the actuator and sensing structure, enabling real-time tracking of the actuation strain without structural interference by a resistance change resolution of 0.01%, providing significant insights for empowering soft robotics with integrated perception and intelligence.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engrailed-2 (EN2) protein, a transcription factor in the homologous domain expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and secreted into the urine, is considered a promising biomarker for noninvasive detection of PCa. EN2 protein in urine samples can be obtained by noninvasive means, but the low biomarker concentration in urine samples poses a great challenge for noninvasive detection of the PCa biomarker. Herein, we develop a solution-gated graphene transistor (SGGT) biosensor to detect the biomarker of the EN2 protein for PCa diagnosis. The aptamer probes are immobilized to the gold gate electrode through Au–S bonds. The effect of aptamer configurations on the biosensor’s responses is also investigated. It can be found that the SGGT biosensor with the long-chain probes with a stem-like loop structure exhibits optimal performance. The limit of detection of biosensors can reach 0.1 fg/mL, and a rapid response time of 19 min is achieved. The SGGT biosensor also exhibits high specificity for the EN2 protein. More importantly, testing of clinical urine samples indicates that our sensor can distinguish PCa patients from non-PCa subjects. Compared to traditional hospital prostate-specific antigen tests, our sensor exhibits better accuracy for the noninvasive diagnosis of PCa.
{"title":"Highly Sensitive Detection of Engrailed-2 Protein Biomarker in Urine for Using Solution-Gated Graphene Transistor Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer","authors":"Junqi Dong, Huan Yang, Peng Song, Tingting Yu, Zexun Pan, Ziwen Chen, Ruixue Wang, Minghua Deng, Xianbao Wang, Jinhua Li","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03320","url":null,"abstract":"Engrailed-2 (EN2) protein, a transcription factor in the homologous domain expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and secreted into the urine, is considered a promising biomarker for noninvasive detection of PCa. EN2 protein in urine samples can be obtained by noninvasive means, but the low biomarker concentration in urine samples poses a great challenge for noninvasive detection of the PCa biomarker. Herein, we develop a solution-gated graphene transistor (SGGT) biosensor to detect the biomarker of the EN2 protein for PCa diagnosis. The aptamer probes are immobilized to the gold gate electrode through Au–S bonds. The effect of aptamer configurations on the biosensor’s responses is also investigated. It can be found that the SGGT biosensor with the long-chain probes with a stem-like loop structure exhibits optimal performance. The limit of detection of biosensors can reach 0.1 fg/mL, and a rapid response time of 19 min is achieved. The SGGT biosensor also exhibits high specificity for the EN2 protein. More importantly, testing of clinical urine samples indicates that our sensor can distinguish PCa patients from non-PCa subjects. Compared to traditional hospital prostate-specific antigen tests, our sensor exhibits better accuracy for the noninvasive diagnosis of PCa.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of death among diabetic patients, primarily due to ectopic lipid accumulation in nonadipose tissues. The lack of molecular tools for quantitatively visualizing this lipid accumulation has hindered in-depth studies. This study aims to develop a dual-emissive up-conversion fluorescent probe, DSDM, for precise in vivo and ex vivo analyses of lipid accumulation. DSDM exhibits up-conversion green emission and down-conversion near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence when excited at 561 nm. This allows for the simultaneous imaging of lipid droplets (LDs) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the primary sites for lipid synthesis and storage. With intracellular lipid consumption and accumulation, the green emission in LDs decreased or increased, while the NIR fluorescence in the ER remained constant. Using the NIR emission as an internal control, the green-to-NIR emission intensity ratio can quantify the LD amount accurately, overcoming the possible interferences from inhomogeneous staining, variation in cell population, and other factors. With the probe, we quantitatively analyzed LD accumulation in human kidney cells with either overexpressed or silenced aquaporin 7 (AQP7), induced by palmitic acid. Herein, AQP7 is specifically expressed in kidney tubules and is the only channel that regulates adipose glycerol transport. In DKD mice with kidney-specific AQP7 knockout, the probe successfully detected up-regulated lipid accumulation and ER stress. Tissue imaging revealed that the inhibited close contact between LDs and ER might facilitate the assessment of lipid accumulation in DKD. This approach effectively addresses the limitations of precise tissue biopsy in DKD, thereby improving DKD management.
{"title":"Novel Dual-Emissive Up-conversion Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Ectopic Lipid Accumulation in Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Zheming Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Mengfan Kan, Minggang Tian, Zhongwen Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03149","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of death among diabetic patients, primarily due to ectopic lipid accumulation in nonadipose tissues. The lack of molecular tools for quantitatively visualizing this lipid accumulation has hindered in-depth studies. This study aims to develop a dual-emissive up-conversion fluorescent probe, DSDM, for precise in vivo and ex vivo analyses of lipid accumulation. DSDM exhibits up-conversion green emission and down-conversion near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence when excited at 561 nm. This allows for the simultaneous imaging of lipid droplets (LDs) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the primary sites for lipid synthesis and storage. With intracellular lipid consumption and accumulation, the green emission in LDs decreased or increased, while the NIR fluorescence in the ER remained constant. Using the NIR emission as an internal control, the green-to-NIR emission intensity ratio can quantify the LD amount accurately, overcoming the possible interferences from inhomogeneous staining, variation in cell population, and other factors. With the probe, we quantitatively analyzed LD accumulation in human kidney cells with either overexpressed or silenced aquaporin 7 (AQP7), induced by palmitic acid. Herein, AQP7 is specifically expressed in kidney tubules and is the only channel that regulates adipose glycerol transport. In DKD mice with kidney-specific AQP7 knockout, the probe successfully detected up-regulated lipid accumulation and ER stress. Tissue imaging revealed that the inhibited close contact between LDs and ER might facilitate the assessment of lipid accumulation in DKD. This approach effectively addresses the limitations of precise tissue biopsy in DKD, thereby improving DKD management.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03408
Yiwei Li, Shibo Song, Jin Song, Rui Gong, Ghulam Abbas
Nonhealing chronic wounds pose severe physiological and psychological distress to patients, making them a significant concern for global public health. Effective wound management strategies assisted by smart wearable pH monitoring have the potential to substantially alleviate both social and economic burdens. The pH of the wound exudate serves as a valuable indicator for predicting infections and assessing the healing status of wounds. This review comprehensively summarizes fundamental aspects related to wound pH, with a particular emphasis on the relationships between pH and healing status, infections, and other biochemical parameters that are crucial for wound health. It systematically discusses advancements in electrochemical pH sensors specifically designed for wearable devices, emphasizing their core performance in the care of chronic wounds. Additionally, the review outlines the challenges faced by this field and suggests future directions for research and development.
{"title":"Electrochemical pH Sensor Incorporated Wearables for State-of-the-Art Wound Care","authors":"Yiwei Li, Shibo Song, Jin Song, Rui Gong, Ghulam Abbas","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03408","url":null,"abstract":"Nonhealing chronic wounds pose severe physiological and psychological distress to patients, making them a significant concern for global public health. Effective wound management strategies assisted by smart wearable pH monitoring have the potential to substantially alleviate both social and economic burdens. The pH of the wound exudate serves as a valuable indicator for predicting infections and assessing the healing status of wounds. This review comprehensively summarizes fundamental aspects related to wound pH, with a particular emphasis on the relationships between pH and healing status, infections, and other biochemical parameters that are crucial for wound health. It systematically discusses advancements in electrochemical pH sensors specifically designed for wearable devices, emphasizing their core performance in the care of chronic wounds. Additionally, the review outlines the challenges faced by this field and suggests future directions for research and development.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, flexible electronics have significantly transformed information and communications technology (ICT). In particular, wearable devices, via integration with attachable biosensors, have driven the development of new types of biosensors and diagnostic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT). Moreover, wearable electrochemical biosensors can be applied to diagnose diseases in real time based on the synergistic effect generated from the incorporation of the electrochemical technique. Besides, to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors while retaining their wearability, novel nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have been introduced. In this review, recent studies on nanotechnology-based wearable electrochemical biosensors for accurate disease diagnosis are discussed. First, widely used techniques for developing flexible electrodes, including nanolithography- and nano/microneedle-based patches, are presented. Next, the latest studies on developing wearable electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes and dermatitis are discussed by categorizing the biosensors into nanolithography- and nano/microneedle-based categories. Finally, this review explores the latest research trends on the application of nanotechnology-enabled nanopatterning and nano/microneedle technologies to electrochemical wearable biosensors. This review suggests novel approaches and methods for developing wearable electrochemical biosensors for real-time disease diagnosis under POCT applications.
{"title":"Nanotechnology-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensor for Disease Diagnosis","authors":"Jinho Yoon, Nayeon Kwon, Yejin Lee, Seewoo Kim, Taek Lee, Jeong-Woo Choi","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03371","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, flexible electronics have significantly transformed information and communications technology (ICT). In particular, wearable devices, via integration with attachable biosensors, have driven the development of new types of biosensors and diagnostic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT). Moreover, wearable electrochemical biosensors can be applied to diagnose diseases in real time based on the synergistic effect generated from the incorporation of the electrochemical technique. Besides, to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors while retaining their wearability, novel nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have been introduced. In this review, recent studies on nanotechnology-based wearable electrochemical biosensors for accurate disease diagnosis are discussed. First, widely used techniques for developing flexible electrodes, including nanolithography- and nano/microneedle-based patches, are presented. Next, the latest studies on developing wearable electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes and dermatitis are discussed by categorizing the biosensors into nanolithography- and nano/microneedle-based categories. Finally, this review explores the latest research trends on the application of nanotechnology-enabled nanopatterning and nano/microneedle technologies to electrochemical wearable biosensors. This review suggests novel approaches and methods for developing wearable electrochemical biosensors for real-time disease diagnosis under POCT applications.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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