Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1163/9789004498235_005
{"title":"The Adjudication of Commercial Disputes within the Dutch Community","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004498235_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004498235_005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223370,"journal":{"name":"Intra-European Litigation in Eighteenth-Century Izmir","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122138262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1163/9789004498235_007
{"title":"Ottomans at the Dutch Consular Court","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004498235_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004498235_007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223370,"journal":{"name":"Intra-European Litigation in Eighteenth-Century Izmir","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126927307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1163/9789004498235_003
M. V. Gelder
1.1 Straatvaart: Dutch Navigation into the Mediterranean During the last decades of the sixteenth century, ships originating from the Low Countries started to transport grain to Italian ports on a regular basis. This was the beginning of the socalled straatvaart, Dutch for ‘navigation through the Strait [of Gibraltar]’ (see figure 1). This involvement was part of a larger penetration of northern European commercial operations into the Mediterranean, often dubbed ‘the northern invasion’.1 Originally, Flemish merchants were behind many of these commercial voyages, but quickly, merchants from the Northern Netherlands equally became involved. This had to do with the migration of a substantial number of merchants from the Spanish Netherlands to cities in the north following the turmoil of the Eighty Years’ War. The northern provinces had formally seceded from Spain in 1581 with the Act of Abjuration and proclaimed a Dutch Republic, the United Provinces, which quickly became an economic world power and experienced a ‘golden age’ during the seventeenth century.2
{"title":"The Dutch in the Levant","authors":"M. V. Gelder","doi":"10.1163/9789004498235_003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004498235_003","url":null,"abstract":"1.1 Straatvaart: Dutch Navigation into the Mediterranean During the last decades of the sixteenth century, ships originating from the Low Countries started to transport grain to Italian ports on a regular basis. This was the beginning of the socalled straatvaart, Dutch for ‘navigation through the Strait [of Gibraltar]’ (see figure 1). This involvement was part of a larger penetration of northern European commercial operations into the Mediterranean, often dubbed ‘the northern invasion’.1 Originally, Flemish merchants were behind many of these commercial voyages, but quickly, merchants from the Northern Netherlands equally became involved. This had to do with the migration of a substantial number of merchants from the Spanish Netherlands to cities in the north following the turmoil of the Eighty Years’ War. The northern provinces had formally seceded from Spain in 1581 with the Act of Abjuration and proclaimed a Dutch Republic, the United Provinces, which quickly became an economic world power and experienced a ‘golden age’ during the seventeenth century.2","PeriodicalId":223370,"journal":{"name":"Intra-European Litigation in Eighteenth-Century Izmir","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122295199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1163/9789004498235_004
1.1 Adjudication in the Capitulations The ahdnames allowed for European ambassadors and consuls to adjudicate legal disputes between the members of their nations, and European traders could count on certain privileges should they have to appear in an Ottoman court. This legal autonomy was already present in the early capitulations. The OttomanFrench treaty of 1535, which contained nineteen articles, stipulated that the French king was allowed to appoint bailiffs or consuls who were allowed to adjudicate disputes among Frenchmen without interference from an Ottoman tribunal.1 Some of the early French capitulations included the clause that litigants belonging to the same European nation could appear before an Ottoman court, but only at the expressed wish of their ambassador. Trials between a Frenchman and an Ottoman subject were to be heard at an Ottoman court, but always in the presence of an interpreter.2 The English capitulations of 1580 contained similar clauses on legal autonomy, granting English ambassadors and consuls the right to adjudicate disputes between Englishmen on the basis of English legal custom.3 Similar arrangements were given to the Dutch in the 1612 capitulations:4
{"title":"The Dutch Consular Court of Izmir","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004498235_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004498235_004","url":null,"abstract":"1.1 Adjudication in the Capitulations The ahdnames allowed for European ambassadors and consuls to adjudicate legal disputes between the members of their nations, and European traders could count on certain privileges should they have to appear in an Ottoman court. This legal autonomy was already present in the early capitulations. The OttomanFrench treaty of 1535, which contained nineteen articles, stipulated that the French king was allowed to appoint bailiffs or consuls who were allowed to adjudicate disputes among Frenchmen without interference from an Ottoman tribunal.1 Some of the early French capitulations included the clause that litigants belonging to the same European nation could appear before an Ottoman court, but only at the expressed wish of their ambassador. Trials between a Frenchman and an Ottoman subject were to be heard at an Ottoman court, but always in the presence of an interpreter.2 The English capitulations of 1580 contained similar clauses on legal autonomy, granting English ambassadors and consuls the right to adjudicate disputes between Englishmen on the basis of English legal custom.3 Similar arrangements were given to the Dutch in the 1612 capitulations:4","PeriodicalId":223370,"journal":{"name":"Intra-European Litigation in Eighteenth-Century Izmir","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130082224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1163/9789004498235_006
{"title":"Europeans at the Dutch Consular Court","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004498235_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004498235_006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223370,"journal":{"name":"Intra-European Litigation in Eighteenth-Century Izmir","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133564999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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