Pub Date : 2018-10-10DOI: 10.15406/JIG.2018.05.00076
L. Elkonin, Juliya Italyanskaya, V. M. Panin
Global warming is one of the most serious problems that threaten the existence of mankind. The results of observations carried out in different countries clearly demonstrate the steady tendency to increase the average annual temperature on the Earth during the last 150 years.1 For example, in the Russian Federation, in the next 15years, in the summer season, the temperature will rise by 1.4-1.50C in all grainproducing regions.2 In the next 40years, depending on the rate of increase of the greenhouse effect, the temperature will rise by 2.03.30C. In this connection, the creation of heat-tolerant and droughtresistant varieties and hybrids, the introduction of drought-resistant crops into agricultural production become extremely urgent problems of genetics and plant breeding.
{"title":"Genetic modification of sorghum for improved nutritional value: state of the problem and current approaches","authors":"L. Elkonin, Juliya Italyanskaya, V. M. Panin","doi":"10.15406/JIG.2018.05.00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JIG.2018.05.00076","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is one of the most serious problems that threaten the existence of mankind. The results of observations carried out in different countries clearly demonstrate the steady tendency to increase the average annual temperature on the Earth during the last 150 years.1 For example, in the Russian Federation, in the next 15years, in the summer season, the temperature will rise by 1.4-1.50C in all grainproducing regions.2 In the next 40years, depending on the rate of increase of the greenhouse effect, the temperature will rise by 2.03.30C. In this connection, the creation of heat-tolerant and droughtresistant varieties and hybrids, the introduction of drought-resistant crops into agricultural production become extremely urgent problems of genetics and plant breeding.","PeriodicalId":260490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Genomics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134542219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-07DOI: 10.15406/JIG.2018.05.00075
K. Bentayebi, A. Hajitou
The Y chromosome has a curious role in population Genetics and forensic genetics. It is male specific and constitutively haploid. It passes from father to son, and, unlike other chromosomes, largely escapes meiotic recombination. Two segments (the pseudoautosomal regions) do recombine with the X, but this amount to less than 3 Mb of its ~60-Mb length, which makes it easier to study than the autosomes.1 These traits, explains its use in an increasing number of studies, especially those that address the history of the human population and makes it easier to study than the autosomes. Nevertheless, the Y chromosome continues to be overshadowed in these studies by the autosomal chromosome and mtDNA, despite containing far more genetic information than either. One reason for the lagging position of the Y chromosome has been a delay in the generation of useful data. The first PHYLOGENETIC TREE for human mtDNA was published in 1987,2 and the first for the Y chromosome was published in 1989.3 Since then, Y-chromosome-based studies have slowly accumulated; with the maturation of sequencing and genotyping technologies, a tremendous increase in all kinds of genetic data looms. It is therefore an appropriate time to reflect on what the Y chromosome can offer to population-genetic studies.
{"title":"A revised root for the human Y chromosome differentiation and diversity landscape among North African populations","authors":"K. Bentayebi, A. Hajitou","doi":"10.15406/JIG.2018.05.00075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JIG.2018.05.00075","url":null,"abstract":"The Y chromosome has a curious role in population Genetics and forensic genetics. It is male specific and constitutively haploid. It passes from father to son, and, unlike other chromosomes, largely escapes meiotic recombination. Two segments (the pseudoautosomal regions) do recombine with the X, but this amount to less than 3 Mb of its ~60-Mb length, which makes it easier to study than the autosomes.1 These traits, explains its use in an increasing number of studies, especially those that address the history of the human population and makes it easier to study than the autosomes. Nevertheless, the Y chromosome continues to be overshadowed in these studies by the autosomal chromosome and mtDNA, despite containing far more genetic information than either. One reason for the lagging position of the Y chromosome has been a delay in the generation of useful data. The first PHYLOGENETIC TREE for human mtDNA was published in 1987,2 and the first for the Y chromosome was published in 1989.3 Since then, Y-chromosome-based studies have slowly accumulated; with the maturation of sequencing and genotyping technologies, a tremendous increase in all kinds of genetic data looms. It is therefore an appropriate time to reflect on what the Y chromosome can offer to population-genetic studies.","PeriodicalId":260490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Genomics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127035902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.15406/jig.2018.05.00074
Nidhi Sharma, S. Jain
In 1870 the discoveries of Pasteur and Koch had precipitated a search for a bacterial cause for many diseases including malaria. In 1880, Laveran meticulously examined the blood of 200patients and in 148 observed the crescentic bodies in all cases of malaria but never in those without malaria. He also noted that quinine removed these stages from the blood. Laveran quickly realized that he had found a parasitic protozoan which he called Oscillariamalariae.5 In initial 19th century, it was known that malaria was caused by a protozoan parasite that invaded and multiplied in red blood cells and, after a lot of confusion, that there were three species with specific periodicities and other characteristics responsible for benign tertian (Haemamoebavivax), malignant tertian (Laveraniamalariae) and quartan (Haemamoebamalariae) malaria now respectively Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae.6
{"title":"Genetically modified Mosquitoes-blessing or curse","authors":"Nidhi Sharma, S. Jain","doi":"10.15406/jig.2018.05.00074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jig.2018.05.00074","url":null,"abstract":"In 1870 the discoveries of Pasteur and Koch had precipitated a search for a bacterial cause for many diseases including malaria. In 1880, Laveran meticulously examined the blood of 200patients and in 148 observed the crescentic bodies in all cases of malaria but never in those without malaria. He also noted that quinine removed these stages from the blood. Laveran quickly realized that he had found a parasitic protozoan which he called Oscillariamalariae.5 In initial 19th century, it was known that malaria was caused by a protozoan parasite that invaded and multiplied in red blood cells and, after a lot of confusion, that there were three species with specific periodicities and other characteristics responsible for benign tertian (Haemamoebavivax), malignant tertian (Laveraniamalariae) and quartan (Haemamoebamalariae) malaria now respectively Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae.6","PeriodicalId":260490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Genomics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123266886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-10DOI: 10.15406/jig.2018.05.00073
Nurlign Mohammed
The cattle species, humpless taurine (Bos taurus) and zebu (Bos indicus) are believed to be originated from the aurochs, Bos primigenius through a domestication event that occurred 8,000-10,000 years before present (B.P.). However, the investigation of the sequence data of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region revealed that taurine and zebu cattle diverged 200,000–1,000,000years B.P. and domestications of taurine and zebu cattle were two independent events that occurred separately 8,000–10,000years B.P. The genetic diversity, origin, conservation and sustainable utilization of these breeds received world-wide attention for a long time.1 Mammalian mitochondrial DNA shows several special features such as absence of introns, maternal inheritance, the existence of single copy orthologous genes, lack of recombination events and high mutation rate. Sequence comparisons of mtDNA D-loop region have been widely used to evaluate genetic diversity and phylogenetic performance among individuals and populations of cattle.2 Cattle are an important livestock species that have played a special role in the human history and culture, and had a considerable impact on human society. The worldwide population of cattle is estimated to 1.4billion animals, of which 159million are found in Europe and Central Asia.3 Romania is among the top ten countries in the EU regarding the cattle population with 2,022,400 heads and a breed structure of 30.96% Romanian Spotted, 20.28% Romanian Black and White and 13.58% Romanian Brown, according to National Agency for Animal Improving and Reproduction from Romanian.4
{"title":"A review on microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA study of native eastern European cattle populations: the case of the Romanian grey","authors":"Nurlign Mohammed","doi":"10.15406/jig.2018.05.00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jig.2018.05.00073","url":null,"abstract":"The cattle species, humpless taurine (Bos taurus) and zebu (Bos indicus) are believed to be originated from the aurochs, Bos primigenius through a domestication event that occurred 8,000-10,000 years before present (B.P.). However, the investigation of the sequence data of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region revealed that taurine and zebu cattle diverged 200,000–1,000,000years B.P. and domestications of taurine and zebu cattle were two independent events that occurred separately 8,000–10,000years B.P. The genetic diversity, origin, conservation and sustainable utilization of these breeds received world-wide attention for a long time.1 Mammalian mitochondrial DNA shows several special features such as absence of introns, maternal inheritance, the existence of single copy orthologous genes, lack of recombination events and high mutation rate. Sequence comparisons of mtDNA D-loop region have been widely used to evaluate genetic diversity and phylogenetic performance among individuals and populations of cattle.2 Cattle are an important livestock species that have played a special role in the human history and culture, and had a considerable impact on human society. The worldwide population of cattle is estimated to 1.4billion animals, of which 159million are found in Europe and Central Asia.3 Romania is among the top ten countries in the EU regarding the cattle population with 2,022,400 heads and a breed structure of 30.96% Romanian Spotted, 20.28% Romanian Black and White and 13.58% Romanian Brown, according to National Agency for Animal Improving and Reproduction from Romanian.4","PeriodicalId":260490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Investigative Genomics","volume":"403 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132380144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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