The aim of this work is to communicate the archaeological data obtained in the identification and material analyses of archaeological sites from the Regional Developments Period(10 th to 15 th century AD) on the eastern slopes of the CumbresCalchaquíes (Northwestern Argentina). Advances in the researchescarried outin Anfama valley led to the delimitation of three areas of human activity, which are presented and characterized schematically in this paper. We propose to draw on this new information to think about the zonal complementarity model applied to northwest Argentina, the social dynamics of groups settled in theCalchaquí region during the second Millennium and their relation with the surrounding space through the analysis of domestic space.
{"title":"Revising the Zonal Complementarity Model in the Eastern Slopes of the Cumbres Calchaquíes: Contributions from Household Archaeology (Tucumán, Northwest Argentina)","authors":"Agustina Vazquez Fiorani","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v7n1a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v7n1a3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to communicate the archaeological data obtained in the identification and material analyses of archaeological sites from the Regional Developments Period(10 th to 15 th century AD) on the eastern slopes of the CumbresCalchaquíes (Northwestern Argentina). Advances in the researchescarried outin Anfama valley led to the delimitation of three areas of human activity, which are presented and characterized schematically in this paper. We propose to draw on this new information to think about the zonal complementarity model applied to northwest Argentina, the social dynamics of groups settled in theCalchaquí region during the second Millennium and their relation with the surrounding space through the analysis of domestic space.","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129892858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two historical mummies dating back to the Roman era, discovered in EL-Salam area in Siywa tombs, their length reached to 170cm, preserved in Hall No.6 of the museum store in Siywa. Both of them wrapped in linen rolls but one of them provided with Cartonnage layer (gesso layer of 2cm) were chosen to the study. The mummies showed different aspects of deterioration types. This study aimsto describe these aspects of deterioration; explain the mechanisms of deterioration resulting from investigations through applying different analyses processes (visual assessment, microbiological investigation, scanning electron microscope (SEM/SEM&EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray florescence (XRF), Stereo Microscope (SM)). Finally,apply appropriate restoration and conservationprocedures to the mummies. Theconservation techniques used were Sterilization procedures; Mechanical and chemical Cleaning processes; Completion of the missing parts of the Cartonnage (Jesso/ gypsum layer); Consolidation, Unfolding and mechanical supporting of the weaken parts of linen rolls; The treatment of the Cartonnage layer cracks and fragments of it; and Storage and Display conditions.The results of investigations revealed that the mummies suffered from a degradation of amino acids as well as oxidation and hydrolysismechanisms.The mechanical andchemical cleaning used removed the surface dust and dirt without damage to thecomponents of the mummies.In general, allthe conservation processes of the mummies revealed its aesthetic value again.
{"title":"Strategy for Preservation of Two Romanian Archaeological Wrapped Mummies in Siywa Excavation, Egypt","authors":"Elsayda-Nafesa El-Shamy","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v7n2p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v7n2p2","url":null,"abstract":"Two historical mummies dating back to the Roman era, discovered in EL-Salam area in Siywa tombs, their length reached to 170cm, preserved in Hall No.6 of the museum store in Siywa. Both of them wrapped in linen rolls but one of them provided with Cartonnage layer (gesso layer of 2cm) were chosen to the study. The mummies showed different aspects of deterioration types. This study aimsto describe these aspects of deterioration; explain the mechanisms of deterioration resulting from investigations through applying different analyses processes (visual assessment, microbiological investigation, scanning electron microscope (SEM/SEM&EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray florescence (XRF), Stereo Microscope (SM)). Finally,apply appropriate restoration and conservationprocedures to the mummies. Theconservation techniques used were Sterilization procedures; Mechanical and chemical Cleaning processes; Completion of the missing parts of the Cartonnage (Jesso/ gypsum layer); Consolidation, Unfolding and mechanical supporting of the weaken parts of linen rolls; The treatment of the Cartonnage layer cracks and fragments of it; and Storage and Display conditions.The results of investigations revealed that the mummies suffered from a degradation of amino acids as well as oxidation and hydrolysismechanisms.The mechanical andchemical cleaning used removed the surface dust and dirt without damage to thecomponents of the mummies.In general, allthe conservation processes of the mummies revealed its aesthetic value again.","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128063517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Traditional manufacture of hemp and hop textiles: Why botany and agronomy matter","authors":"G. Skoglund","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v9n1a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v9n1a1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123565660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non Destructive Sourcing of Obsidians by Two Different Home Made pXRF Devices: Analytical Capabilities for Provenance Studies","authors":"Galvão Galvão, Appoloni Appoloni, Poupeau Poupeau, Lopes Lopes, Scorzelli Scorzelli","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v8n1a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v8n1a1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1990 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128228107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Saharawi people, establishes one of the most interesting milestones of Africa in the struggle to obtain its freedom and that of its occupied territories. Tabibas (women who practice medicine) are in charge of wandering through the sands of the desert, carrying the body of ancestral knowledge, fulfilling a task that transcends what they apparently represent as obstetrician assistants or empirical midwives. Although the relationship with fertility indicates early unions, high rate of pregnancies, excessive births, minimum intergenic intervals, reproductive stress and high reproductivity in accordance with the spontaneous needs to regulate the population. The success of procreation is the resistance of the group to the oversight of the birth rate, by excluding the modern practices of biomedicine.
{"title":"Tabibas and the Success of Procreation in Western Sahara","authors":"Beatriz Carbonell","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v7n1a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v7n1a1","url":null,"abstract":"The Saharawi people, establishes one of the most interesting milestones of Africa in the struggle to obtain its freedom and that of its occupied territories. Tabibas (women who practice medicine) are in charge of wandering through the sands of the desert, carrying the body of ancestral knowledge, fulfilling a task that transcends what they apparently represent as obstetrician assistants or empirical midwives. Although the relationship with fertility indicates early unions, high rate of pregnancies, excessive births, minimum intergenic intervals, reproductive stress and high reproductivity in accordance with the spontaneous needs to regulate the population. The success of procreation is the resistance of the group to the oversight of the birth rate, by excluding the modern practices of biomedicine.","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130907544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Midnight Terror Cave faunal assemblage is unusual in that fish make up 21% of the vertebrate fauna, including four individual parrotfish (Sparisoma viride). This analysis examines why this species was selected and explores a performative interpretation that contextualizes these remains within ancient Maya ritual drama. In addition to being part of the “cult of the sea”, the parrotfish was selected because of its blue or green color which symbolizes water, rain, and abundance. The fish’s color fades quickly after death so it is clear that the fish had to be transported alive from the sea coast to the cave. The requirements for the trip are outlined. The analysis lays out the expenditures made for elite ritual and provides a glimpse into the drama of such sacrifices.1
{"title":"Finding Drama in Bones: Looking Beyond Identification in Ritual Faunal","authors":"J. Brady, Melanie Saldaña, Joseph Orozco","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v7n1a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v7n1a4","url":null,"abstract":"The Midnight Terror Cave faunal assemblage is unusual in that fish make up 21% of the vertebrate fauna, including four individual parrotfish (Sparisoma viride). This analysis examines why this species was selected and explores a performative interpretation that contextualizes these remains within ancient Maya ritual drama. In addition to being part of the “cult of the sea”, the parrotfish was selected because of its blue or green color which symbolizes water, rain, and abundance. The fish’s color fades quickly after death so it is clear that the fish had to be transported alive from the sea coast to the cave. The requirements for the trip are outlined. The analysis lays out the expenditures made for elite ritual and provides a glimpse into the drama of such sacrifices.1","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131179550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the impacts to the infrastructures in Barbuda and Puerto Rico by Hurricanes Irma and Maria have received attention in the news media, less has been reported about the impacts of these catastrophic events on the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of these Caribbean islands. This report provides an assessment of the impacts on the cultural heritage by these storms; tangible heritageincludeshistoricbuildings, museums, monuments, documents and other artifacts and intangible heritageincludestraditionalartistry, festivities, and more frequent activities such as religious services and laundering. While the physical destruction was massive, the social contexts in which these islands existed lessened the resiliency of the people to respond and rebuild after the storms. While change may be inevitable for Barbuda and Puerto Rico, disaster capitalism is threatening the cultures of the people, and may result in the loss of local knowledge and practices.
{"title":"Cultural heritage and local ecological knowledge under threat: Two Caribbean examples from Barbuda and Puerto Rico","authors":"R. Boger, S. Perdikaris, I. Rivera-Collazo","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v7n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v7n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"While the impacts to the infrastructures in Barbuda and Puerto Rico by Hurricanes Irma and Maria have received attention in the news media, less has been reported about the impacts of these catastrophic events on the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of these Caribbean islands. This report provides an assessment of the impacts on the cultural heritage by these storms; tangible heritageincludeshistoricbuildings, museums, monuments, documents and other artifacts and intangible heritageincludestraditionalartistry, festivities, and more frequent activities such as religious services and laundering. While the physical destruction was massive, the social contexts in which these islands existed lessened the resiliency of the people to respond and rebuild after the storms. While change may be inevitable for Barbuda and Puerto Rico, disaster capitalism is threatening the cultures of the people, and may result in the loss of local knowledge and practices.","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114476618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of the Sea People arriving into Canaan at the end of the Late Bronze Age is heavily disputed: from a few thousand to ca. 25,000. Unfortunately, the archaeological evidence cannot support or refute any of these paradigms. To this end, a model for determining population demographics during periods of scarce archaeological information is presented. The model (i) interpolates the total population during the Iron Age I, including the newly arrived peoples, based on data available from the two adjacent archaeological periods, for which there is a better demographic understanding: the Late Bronze IIB and the Iron Age II, and (ii) subtracting that result from the theoretical scenario assuming zero immigration or emigration. The above theoretical outcomes are examined alongside the archaeological and historical records of the three mentioned periods. The primary traits of the model are: 1. All the input data should be derived solely from archaeological excavations and survey reports, followed by an error estimation. 2. All the mathematical-statistical techniques used will be well recognized and frequently used within these two scientific disciplines. The final estimate for the Philistines and other non-local populations during the Iron Age I achieved here is ca. 24,000, assuming a specific error of 12%. Keyboards: Iron Age I, Philistines, Shephelah, Coastal Plain, Demographic.
{"title":"How Many Philistines and Other Outside Groups Arrived in Canaan?","authors":"D. Luria","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v7n1a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v7n1a2","url":null,"abstract":"The number of the Sea People arriving into Canaan at the end of the Late Bronze Age is heavily disputed: from a few thousand to ca. 25,000. Unfortunately, the archaeological evidence cannot support or refute any of these paradigms. To this end, a model for determining population demographics during periods of scarce archaeological information is presented. The model (i) interpolates the total population during the Iron Age I, including the newly arrived peoples, based on data available from the two adjacent archaeological periods, for which there is a better demographic understanding: the Late Bronze IIB and the Iron Age II, and (ii) subtracting that result from the theoretical scenario assuming zero immigration or emigration. The above theoretical outcomes are examined alongside the archaeological and historical records of the three mentioned periods. The primary traits of the model are: 1. All the input data should be derived solely from archaeological excavations and survey reports, followed by an error estimation. 2. All the mathematical-statistical techniques used will be well recognized and frequently used within these two scientific disciplines. The final estimate for the Philistines and other non-local populations during the Iron Age I achieved here is ca. 24,000, assuming a specific error of 12%. Keyboards: Iron Age I, Philistines, Shephelah, Coastal Plain, Demographic.","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128218896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perceptions of the other -- A Continuity of Racism by Anatomically Modern Humans Against Neanderthals and against Jews","authors":"Elliot S. Gershon","doi":"10.15640/jaa.v9n1a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15640/jaa.v9n1a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":444359,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130057459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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