Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-29-38
A. Kochkina
The article considers the representation of everyday life described in the story «Chertoroy» by Vologda writer Stanislav Mishnev; the story was published in the book «That is how we live» in 2008. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the category «everyday life» initially was studied in non-literary fields of science, and it still does not have a generally accepted definition in philological science, which is of interest to modern specialists studying literature. It is revealed that Mishnev comprehends the private everyday life of Vologda peasants through the prism of social and historical cataclysms and transformations, both recent and significantly distant from today in the story «Chertoroy». In this regard, the image of everyday life in the world of the story is limited locally, but not temporally. In this respect the image of everyday life in the story is limited locally, but not temporally. The writer depicts the modification of the country way of life of the meevites for three centuries. This allowed Mishnev to visualize the origins of the village crisis state at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. It was also found, that the main oppositions in the reproduction of everyday life in the «Chertoroy» are collective – individual, adaptive – transformative, protective – destructive. It was concluded that the image of dynamically mobile everyday life in Mishnev's story acts as a means of plot organization of the story, as a way of character's description and a tool for conveying the author's values. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to analyze the creative heritage of a modern Vologda writer from the perspective of the phenomenon of everyday life.
{"title":"The Image of Everyday Life in S. Mishnev's Story «Chertoroy»","authors":"A. Kochkina","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-29-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-29-38","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the representation of everyday life described in the story «Chertoroy» by Vologda writer Stanislav Mishnev; the story was published in the book «That is how we live» in 2008. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the category «everyday life» initially was studied in non-literary fields of science, and it still does not have a generally accepted definition in philological science, which is of interest to modern specialists studying literature. It is revealed that Mishnev comprehends the private everyday life of Vologda peasants through the prism of social and historical cataclysms and transformations, both recent and significantly distant from today in the story «Chertoroy». In this regard, the image of everyday life in the world of the story is limited locally, but not temporally. In this respect the image of everyday life in the story is limited locally, but not temporally. The writer depicts the modification of the country way of life of the meevites for three centuries. This allowed Mishnev to visualize the origins of the village crisis state at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. It was also found, that the main oppositions in the reproduction of everyday life in the «Chertoroy» are collective – individual, adaptive – transformative, protective – destructive. It was concluded that the image of dynamically mobile everyday life in Mishnev's story acts as a means of plot organization of the story, as a way of character's description and a tool for conveying the author's values. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to analyze the creative heritage of a modern Vologda writer from the perspective of the phenomenon of everyday life.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-170-183
Angelina Shtatskaya
This article is a review of the autobiographies of the first post-war graduates of the History and Literary faculties of the Pskov State Pedagogical Institute as a historical source of information about the events taking place in the territories of the USSR occupied by Germany during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. All post-war graduates witnessed and participated in the events of the Great Patriotic War. This is reflected in the autobiographies stored in students' personal files. The review of these autobiographies is based on the method of complex analysis of various sources and on the method of contextual analysis. A comparison is made between the information provided by students who survived the hardships of the occupation regime during the war and the information presented in documentary and literary historical sources.
{"title":"Life in the Occupied Territory during the Great Patriotic War (Based on Autobiographies of Graduates of the Humanities Faculties of the Pskov State Pedagogical Institute in 1948–1953)","authors":"Angelina Shtatskaya","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-170-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-170-183","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a review of the autobiographies of the first post-war graduates of the History and Literary faculties of the Pskov State Pedagogical Institute as a historical source of information about the events taking place in the territories of the USSR occupied by Germany during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. All post-war graduates witnessed and participated in the events of the Great Patriotic War. This is reflected in the autobiographies stored in students' personal files. The review of these autobiographies is based on the method of complex analysis of various sources and on the method of contextual analysis. A comparison is made between the information provided by students who survived the hardships of the occupation regime during the war and the information presented in documentary and literary historical sources.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-64-75
Ludmila Grishaeva
The article is devoted to the description of the functional potential of one of the ways of socialization of native language speakers within a culture, namely «children’s» jokes in the German culture. These types of text are characterized by obvious cultural specifics, objectified not so much through the environment of functioning and the implementation of the corresponding functions by various means and methods, but through their main characters. The focus of the analysis is on Fritzchen, who, due to his obvious cultural specificity, is interpreted as a cultural hero (in Geert Hofstede’s terms). Therefore, the situations in which Fritzchen’s actions are narrated in official and unofficial communication and his reactions to the environment and his actions are analyzed as a way of communicating social norms to a collective subject, as a way of reproducing social standards in a culture which functions «on the contrary», as a means of maintaining cultural continuity and cultural identity in synchrony and diachrony. For this reason, the character qualities attributed to Fritzchen in the “children’s” jokes are interpreted as components of the collective identity of a collective subject, relating to the nuclear part of the collective identity of both individual and collective subjects who speak the German language and exist within the German culture.
{"title":"«Children’s» Jokes as a Means and a Way to Maintain the Collective Identity of NativeLanguage Speakers within a Culture","authors":"Ludmila Grishaeva","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-64-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-64-75","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the description of the functional potential of one of the ways of socialization of native language speakers within a culture, namely «children’s» jokes in the German culture. These types of text are characterized by obvious cultural specifics, objectified not so much through the environment of functioning and the implementation of the corresponding functions by various means and methods, but through their main characters. The focus of the analysis is on Fritzchen, who, due to his obvious cultural specificity, is interpreted as a cultural hero (in Geert Hofstede’s terms). Therefore, the situations in which Fritzchen’s actions are narrated in official and unofficial communication and his reactions to the environment and his actions are analyzed as a way of communicating social norms to a collective subject, as a way of reproducing social standards in a culture which functions «on the contrary», as a means of maintaining cultural continuity and cultural identity in synchrony and diachrony. For this reason, the character qualities attributed to Fritzchen in the “children’s” jokes are interpreted as components of the collective identity of a collective subject, relating to the nuclear part of the collective identity of both individual and collective subjects who speak the German language and exist within the German culture.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-113-122
Lilia Balakina
The article examines the metaphorical models used by the famous German writer, poet, translator Andreas Thalmayr when describing the German language in his book «Heraus mit der Sprache. Ein bisschen Deutsch für Deutsche, Österreicher, Schweizer und andere Aus- und Inländer». Attention to language as an object of research has increased within the framework of cognitive linguistics, which considers natural human language that reflects all the diversity of the world, on the one hand, as an optimal means of storage, creative interpretation and transmission of human knowledge about the surrounding reality. On the other hand, language is an object of scientific linguistic study. The optimal tool for exploring this most complex phenomenon of human culture is a cognitive metaphor, which allows us to comprehend this abstract concept in a more concrete and structured way. In the process of analysis, we identified the following most frequent metaphorical models: language is a person, language is an object of nature, language is an object of human activity, language is a treasury, language is a system, language is chaos. The metaphorical representation of language turns out to be associated with various semantic images, which indicates the complexity, inconsistency and dynamism of the object of research, the versatility of which can be accounted for by the complexity of its carrier – the man.
文章探讨了德国著名作家、诗人、翻译家安德烈亚斯-塔尔迈尔（Andreas Thalmayr）在其著作《Heraus mit der Sprache.Ein bisschen Deutsch für Deutsche, Österreicher, Schweizer und andere Aus- und Inländer》。一方面，认知语言学认为反映世界多样性的人类自然语言是存储、创造性解释和传播人类对周围现实知识的最佳手段。另一方面，语言是语言科学研究的对象。认知隐喻是探索人类文化中这一最复杂现象的最佳工具，它能让我们更具体、更有条理地理解这一抽象概念。在分析过程中，我们发现了以下最常见的隐喻模式：语言是人、语言是自然之物、语言是人类活动之物、语言是宝库、语言是系统、语言是混沌。语言的隐喻表征原来与各种语义形象相关联，这表明了研究对象的复杂性、不一致性和动态性，其多变性可以用其载体--人--的复杂性来解释。
{"title":"About a Range of Metaphorical Meanings in the Representation of the Phenomenon of «Language» in the Book «Herausmit der Sprache» by A. Thalmayr","authors":"Lilia Balakina","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-113-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-113-122","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the metaphorical models used by the famous German writer, poet, translator Andreas Thalmayr when describing the German language in his book «Heraus mit der Sprache. Ein bisschen Deutsch für Deutsche, Österreicher, Schweizer und andere Aus- und Inländer». Attention to language as an object of research has increased within the framework of cognitive linguistics, which considers natural human language that reflects all the diversity of the world, on the one hand, as an optimal means of storage, creative interpretation and transmission of human knowledge about the surrounding reality. On the other hand, language is an object of scientific linguistic study. The optimal tool for exploring this most complex phenomenon of human culture is a cognitive metaphor, which allows us to comprehend this abstract concept in a more concrete and structured way. In the process of analysis, we identified the following most frequent metaphorical models: language is a person, language is an object of nature, language is an object of human activity, language is a treasury, language is a system, language is chaos. The metaphorical representation of language turns out to be associated with various semantic images, which indicates the complexity, inconsistency and dynamism of the object of research, the versatility of which can be accounted for by the complexity of its carrier – the man.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"308 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-5-14
Olga Krasnova
Based on the material of N.M. Karamzin's novel «Poor Liza» from thestandpoint of an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of text theory, literary studies, and psycholinguistics, the possibilities of textual cohesion are considered in order to identify the deep artistic and psychological properties of the narrator's image. The research is conducted in the aspect of analyzing the processof artistic and psychological meaning generation associated with the deep features of the hero. This approach makes it possible to detect patterns of functioning of implicit information leading to the specified properties. The manifestations of cohesion that have the potential to extract implicit textual information about the artistic and psychological properties of the narrator are considered 1) at the plotcompositional level: text editing – the juxtaposition of replicas, the plot embodiment of the previously named possible situation (realization of premonitions; 2) at the level of expressive means (intonation, emotional colouring, phonetic filling of rhythmic groups, key elements). Techniques of emotional influence on the reader and ways of attracting his attention are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the aesthetic possibilities of cohesion in detecting the artistic and psychological properties of the hero 1) in a dialogue, the artistic and psychological background of which is non-verbalized presuppositions associated with the sphere of relationships; 2) within the contrast of the cognitive and emotional content of the dialogue participants' replicas. Cross-connectivity by means of cohesion acts as a textual signal of implicit information. The materials of the article can be used in research and teaching activities, literature courses of the XVIII century, special courses.
{"title":"Textual Cohesion as a Way of Revealing the Deep Artistic and Psychological Propertiesof N.M. Karamzin's «Poor Lisa»'s the Narrator","authors":"Olga Krasnova","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the material of N.M. Karamzin's novel «Poor Liza» from thestandpoint of an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of text theory, literary studies, and psycholinguistics, the possibilities of textual cohesion are considered in order to identify the deep artistic and psychological properties of the narrator's image. The research is conducted in the aspect of analyzing the processof artistic and psychological meaning generation associated with the deep features of the hero. This approach makes it possible to detect patterns of functioning of implicit information leading to the specified properties. The manifestations of cohesion that have the potential to extract implicit textual information about the artistic and psychological properties of the narrator are considered 1) at the plotcompositional level: text editing – the juxtaposition of replicas, the plot embodiment of the previously named possible situation (realization of premonitions; 2) at the level of expressive means (intonation, emotional colouring, phonetic filling of rhythmic groups, key elements). Techniques of emotional influence on the reader and ways of attracting his attention are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the aesthetic possibilities of cohesion in detecting the artistic and psychological properties of the hero 1) in a dialogue, the artistic and psychological background of which is non-verbalized presuppositions associated with the sphere of relationships; 2) within the contrast of the cognitive and emotional content of the dialogue participants' replicas. Cross-connectivity by means of cohesion acts as a textual signal of implicit information. The materials of the article can be used in research and teaching activities, literature courses of the XVIII century, special courses.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"106 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-138-149
Maria Sumenkova
The article is devoted to the role and significance of the Russian Orthodox Church in the struggle with the excessive consumption of alcohol in Russia together with the state and society at the beginning of the twentieth century. The time period is determined by the action of the treasury wine monopoly. Some special attention is paid to the anti-alcohol activities of the Penza Diocese; we draw your attention to the objective difficulties which were faced by the church in countering alcohol consumption because of the agrarian nature of the territory covered by the diocese’s jurisdiction. The effectiveness of the anti-alcohol struggle of the church and the state is analyzed. As part of it, the work of the Civil Guardianships on People's Sobriety is considered, their low effectiveness in the framework of the anti-alcohol struggle, which manifested itself in an increase of the treasury costs and at the same time an increase in per capita alcohol consumption. The work of parish societies, their successes and achievements are compared with them. The article also refects on the meaning of drinking alcohol spirits not only in peasant life and traditions, but also their role in the everyday life of clergymen. Particular attention is paid to the work of parish societies during the years of the so-called Alcohol Prohibition, when the civil struggle for sobriety was minimized. Some parallels are drawn with the current stage of the anti-alcohol struggle in order to take into account the mistakes and successes of the past in the present.
{"title":"The Leading Role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Anti-alcohol Struggle of the Early Twentieth Century in Russia (on the Example of the Penza Diocese)","authors":"Maria Sumenkova","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-138-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-138-149","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the role and significance of the Russian Orthodox Church in the struggle with the excessive consumption of alcohol in Russia together with the state and society at the beginning of the twentieth century. The time period is determined by the action of the treasury wine monopoly. Some special attention is paid to the anti-alcohol activities of the Penza Diocese; we draw your attention to the objective difficulties which were faced by the church in countering alcohol consumption because of the agrarian nature of the territory covered by the diocese’s jurisdiction. The effectiveness of the anti-alcohol struggle of the church and the state is analyzed. As part of it, the work of the Civil Guardianships on People's Sobriety is considered, their low effectiveness in the framework of the anti-alcohol struggle, which manifested itself in an increase of the treasury costs and at the same time an increase in per capita alcohol consumption. The work of parish societies, their successes and achievements are compared with them. The article also refects on the meaning of drinking alcohol spirits not only in peasant life and traditions, but also their role in the everyday life of clergymen. Particular attention is paid to the work of parish societies during the years of the so-called Alcohol Prohibition, when the civil struggle for sobriety was minimized. Some parallels are drawn with the current stage of the anti-alcohol struggle in order to take into account the mistakes and successes of the past in the present.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-28-38
Sergey Andreev
The article is devoted to the analysis of the attributive structure of two poetic collections of well-known authors – «The Angel of Armenia» by Sergei Gorodetsky and «Armenia» by Osip Mandelstam. These poems occupy an important place among the works of Russian poets about Armenia, making it possible to form the perception of the history and culture of Armenia, its artistic representation in Russian poetry. The article sets the task of a quantitative analysis of the distribution and nature of the use of attributes of various types. Attribute types are determined by the part-of-speech filling of the syntactic position of the definition and by its position relative to the word being defined. In the course of the study, various statistical methods were used, which include the chi-square test, correlation coefficients, variance, Euclidean distance. As a result of the analysis, data were obtained that characterize the authors' approaches to the description, similarities and differences in the distribution of various types of attributes, the degree of intensity of the description, the level of inversion of attributive structures.
{"title":"Attributive Structure of the Lyrical Cycles «Angel of Armenia» by Sergei Gorodetskyand «Armenia» by Osip Mandelstam","authors":"Sergey Andreev","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-28-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-28-38","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the attributive structure of two poetic collections of well-known authors – «The Angel of Armenia» by Sergei Gorodetsky and «Armenia» by Osip Mandelstam. These poems occupy an important place among the works of Russian poets about Armenia, making it possible to form the perception of the history and culture of Armenia, its artistic representation in Russian poetry. The article sets the task of a quantitative analysis of the distribution and nature of the use of attributes of various types. Attribute types are determined by the part-of-speech filling of the syntactic position of the definition and by its position relative to the word being defined. In the course of the study, various statistical methods were used, which include the chi-square test, correlation coefficients, variance, Euclidean distance. As a result of the analysis, data were obtained that characterize the authors' approaches to the description, similarities and differences in the distribution of various types of attributes, the degree of intensity of the description, the level of inversion of attributive structures.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"45 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-211-222
Oleg O. Boyko
The subject of the research is the foreign policy of Great Britain in the late 19th – early 20th centuries and the continuity of the foreign policy course of liberal political figures. The purpose of the analysis is the views and activities of significant British liberal politicians on foreign policy issues against the background of the transformation of the philosophy of liberalism and unprecedented competition in colonial expansion among major European powers. A number of trends in the development of the political and ideological course of the Liberal Party of Great Britain are demonstrated - a quick rejection of the policy of «Splendid Isolation» to the search for friendly powers on the European continent and the direct influence of liberal-imperialist circles on changing the foreign policy strategy. The study of sources confirms that as part of the evolution of the philosophy of liberalism at the end of the 19th century, the idea of the foreign policy of Great Britain in the circles of liberal politicians of the country also changed. The author comes to the conclusion that after W. Gladstone left power, the liberals hastened to move away from the policy of «Splendid Isolation». A. Rosebery tried to maintain a balance of power, but, as an adherent of liberal imperialism, he actively used military force, not striving to be the first to establish friendship with anyone in Europe. During the period of opposition 1896-1905 not only liberal-imperialists such as E. Grey, H. Asquith, R. Haldane, but also pacifists such as H. Campbell-Bannerman came to the conclusion that a world conflict was inevitable against the backdrop of growing disagreements with Germany and the need to choose an ally in Europe.
研究主题是 19 世纪末 20 世纪初英国的外交政策以及自由派政治人物外交政策路线的连续性。分析的目的是在自由主义哲学转型和欧洲主要大国在殖民扩张方面空前竞争的背景下，英国重要的自由主义政治家在外交政策问题上的观点和活动。研究显示了英国自由党政治和意识形态发展的若干趋势--从迅速摒弃 "辉煌的孤立 "政策到在欧洲大陆寻找友好国家，以及自由-帝国主义圈子对外交政策战略变化的直接影响。对资料的研究证实，作为 19 世纪末自由主义哲学演变的一部分，英国自由主义政治家圈子里的外交政策思想也发生了变化。作者得出的结论是，在 W. 格莱斯顿下台后，自由派急忙放弃了 "辉煌的孤立 "政策。罗斯贝里（A. Rosebery）试图保持均势，但作为自由帝国主义的拥护者，他积极使用军事力量，而不是努力成为第一个与欧洲任何人建立友谊的人。在 1896-1905 年的反对派时期，不仅是 E. 格雷、H. 阿斯奎斯、R. 霍尔丹等自由帝国主义者，而且还有 H. 坎贝尔-班纳曼等和平主义者都得出结论，认为在与德国的分歧日益加深以及需要在欧洲选择盟友的背景下，世界冲突不可避免。
{"title":"The German Threat and Discussions about European Unions: Features of the Liberal Political and Ideological Continuity of the Leaders of the Liberal Party from W. Gladstone to G. Asquith in the Late XIX – Early XX Centuries","authors":"Oleg O. Boyko","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-211-222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-211-222","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the research is the foreign policy of Great Britain in the late 19th – early 20th centuries and the continuity of the foreign policy course of liberal political figures. The purpose of the analysis is the views and activities of significant British liberal politicians on foreign policy issues against the background of the transformation of the philosophy of liberalism and unprecedented competition in colonial expansion among major European powers. A number of trends in the development of the political and ideological course of the Liberal Party of Great Britain are demonstrated - a quick rejection of the policy of «Splendid Isolation» to the search for friendly powers on the European continent and the direct influence of liberal-imperialist circles on changing the foreign policy strategy. The study of sources confirms that as part of the evolution of the philosophy of liberalism at the end of the 19th century, the idea of the foreign policy of Great Britain in the circles of liberal politicians of the country also changed. The author comes to the conclusion that after W. Gladstone left power, the liberals hastened to move away from the policy of «Splendid Isolation». A. Rosebery tried to maintain a balance of power, but, as an adherent of liberal imperialism, he actively used military force, not striving to be the first to establish friendship with anyone in Europe. During the period of opposition 1896-1905 not only liberal-imperialists such as E. Grey, H. Asquith, R. Haldane, but also pacifists such as H. Campbell-Bannerman came to the conclusion that a world conflict was inevitable against the backdrop of growing disagreements with Germany and the need to choose an ally in Europe.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"37 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-39-48
Inna Koroleva
The article discusses the problem of publishing regional historical dictionaries, which have not been practically compiled recently. The necessity of such works for the historical base of modern regional dictionaries of folk govors is substantiated. It is noted that regional dictionaries significantly replenish the chief of the main ongoing publication – the dictionary of the Russian language XVI–XVIII c. The methods of filing information in regional lexicographic works on the historical lexicology of the Russian language are described. Attention is drawn to the relationship between dialectology and historical lexicology. The significance of historical regional lexicographic works for the period of the formation of national lexical norms, the Russian language in XVI–XVIII centuries is especially emphasized. The possibility and desirability of the inclusion of anthroponymic vocabulary in such dictionaries, for the foundations of anthroponyms may contain a unique dialective material that is not survived in the form of nominal names. All issues are considered on the material of the regional lexicography of Smolensk Territory, one of the Western regions of Russia, which has features of historical and cultural development. Theoretical provisions are illustrated by the analysis of anthroponyms with dialectic bases representing the samples of reasoning about the fate of dialect words in the history of the language.
{"title":"Regional Historical Lexicography: Problems and Development Prospects","authors":"Inna Koroleva","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-39-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-39-48","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the problem of publishing regional historical dictionaries, which have not been practically compiled recently. The necessity of such works for the historical base of modern regional dictionaries of folk govors is substantiated. It is noted that regional dictionaries significantly replenish the chief of the main ongoing publication – the dictionary of the Russian language XVI–XVIII c. The methods of filing information in regional lexicographic works on the historical lexicology of the Russian language are described. Attention is drawn to the relationship between dialectology and historical lexicology. The significance of historical regional lexicographic works for the period of the formation of national lexical norms, the Russian language in XVI–XVIII centuries is especially emphasized. The possibility and desirability of the inclusion of anthroponymic vocabulary in such dictionaries, for the foundations of anthroponyms may contain a unique dialective material that is not survived in the form of nominal names. All issues are considered on the material of the regional lexicography of Smolensk Territory, one of the Western regions of Russia, which has features of historical and cultural development. Theoretical provisions are illustrated by the analysis of anthroponyms with dialectic bases representing the samples of reasoning about the fate of dialect words in the history of the language.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"61 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-150-169
Olga Kobets, Evgeniy Kodin
The article presents the practice of Belarusization in the Smolensk region in the 1920s – the first half of the 1930s in the format of its reflection on the pages of the newspaper «Rabochiy Put’», as the press organ of the Smolensk Gubernatorial Committee of the RCP (b) – the CPSU (b) and the Gubernatorial Executive Committee, and since 1929 – the main printing body of the Western region with the administrative center in Smolensk. The materials of the «Rabochiy Put’» do not form the reader's holistic perception of the policy of Belarusization in the Smolensk region, as in one of the Russian regions with a compact Belarusian population. There were no Belarusian collective farms or Belarusian village councils in the province, as was the case, for example, among Latvians and Jews. Therefore, the main direction of Belarusization has become the education system, i.e. the introduction of the Belarusian language and the course of Belarusian studies in individual schools, as well as attempts to transmit a number of schools into the Belarusian language. At the same time, even fragmentary data from newspaper materials of different genres and volumes indicate that neither the provincial authorities (virtually at all levels up to village councils), nor the titular and even the Belarusian population itself have become active supporters of the policy of Belarusization, only formally participating in this process, as in one of the many socio-political campaigns of thаt period.
{"title":"Belarusization in the Smolensk Region from the Pages of the Newspaper «Rabochiy Put’», 1920–1930s","authors":"Olga Kobets, Evgeniy Kodin","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-150-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-150-169","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the practice of Belarusization in the Smolensk region in the 1920s – the first half of the 1930s in the format of its reflection on the pages of the newspaper «Rabochiy Put’», as the press organ of the Smolensk Gubernatorial Committee of the RCP (b) – the CPSU (b) and the Gubernatorial Executive Committee, and since 1929 – the main printing body of the Western region with the administrative center in Smolensk. The materials of the «Rabochiy Put’» do not form the reader's holistic perception of the policy of Belarusization in the Smolensk region, as in one of the Russian regions with a compact Belarusian population. There were no Belarusian collective farms or Belarusian village councils in the province, as was the case, for example, among Latvians and Jews. Therefore, the main direction of Belarusization has become the education system, i.e. the introduction of the Belarusian language and the course of Belarusian studies in individual schools, as well as attempts to transmit a number of schools into the Belarusian language. At the same time, even fragmentary data from newspaper materials of different genres and volumes indicate that neither the provincial authorities (virtually at all levels up to village councils), nor the titular and even the Belarusian population itself have become active supporters of the policy of Belarusization, only formally participating in this process, as in one of the many socio-political campaigns of thаt period.","PeriodicalId":503294,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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